液力减振器结构异响发生的微过程分析

将液力减振器的工作循环划分成更细微的过程并相应地进行了力学分析,建立了相应的微分方程,并利用M ATLAB软件进行了仿真计算,分析计算结果与台架试验结果一致。结果表明,活塞与油液间的间隙碰撞、活塞与缸筒的静动摩擦力交变和阀片与活塞的粘附均导致对汽车液力减振器活塞的冲击,其进一步的传递将产生结构异响。     

基于动力吸振的变压器降噪方法研究

针对变压器低频噪声控制困难且线谱噪声特性明显的情况,提出了基于动力吸振的变压器噪声控制方法。首先,根据结构力学平衡关系建立附连动力吸振匀质板结构振动方程。进而,考虑将动力吸振以阻抗形式表征,建立附连动力吸振板结构理论分析模型。最后,为验证基于动力吸振技术的变压器降噪方法的有效性,开展了结构降噪性能分析。分析结果表明,动力吸振有利于如变压器类线谱噪声特性设备的减振降噪,动力吸振技术在电力设备减振降噪领域有较好的应用价值。     

动力吸振器对有轨电车弹性车轮的减振降噪影响分析

为了评价有轨电车弹性车轮动力吸振器的减振降噪效果,通过实验室测试方法对动力吸振器进行振动噪声测试,并结合理论和仿真来分析其降噪特性。首先,在半消声室分别测试弹性车轮在有无动力吸振器情况下的振动声辐射,测试结果表明：动力吸振器对弹性车轮轴向振动有明显的抑制作用。径向激励下,动力吸振器的降噪量为0.6 dB(A),轴向激励下,动力吸振器的降噪量为2.6 dB(A)。进而,基于动力吸振原理探究动力吸振器的降噪性能,并结合测试图纸建立动力吸振器有限元模型,分析表明：动力吸振器在车轮固有频率2 066 Hz、2 245 Hz和3 837 Hz处降噪效果较好,原因是降噪频率差值在2 %以内,调谐频率和理论最优频率相吻合。动力吸振器在车轮固有频率899 Hz处降噪效果较差,其降噪频率差值为6.26 %,由于调谐减振频率偏离最优同调条件,导致降噪性能的恶化。     

双筒式减振器异响试验分析

减振器在工作过程中产生的异响是其内部质量的外在体现,是影响车辆声学舒适性的一个重要因素.为了更好地分析减振器异响问题,模仿实车中的减振器安装方式,在电液伺服减振器道路模拟系统上对其进行台架试验,分别采用时域分析和频域分析的方法来研究减振器异响的产生机理.在减振器行程换向时,正常件的活塞杆加速度峰值小于异响件的活塞杆加速度峰值.正常减振器和异响减振器活塞杆加速度功率谱均方根值在500~1 000 Hz带宽内存在较大差异,并且这种差异随着试验频率的增大而愈加明显,正常减振器在此带宽内的活塞杆振动能量小于异响减振器的活塞杆振动能量.通过对双筒式减振器进行异响试验分析,可为工程应用中减振器异响的分析及评价研究提供参考.     

某型飞机主起落架结构件气动噪声特性研究

对某型飞机主起落架结构件的气动噪声特性进行了声学风洞试验和数值仿真分析。在声学风洞中,借助麦克风测量获得不同来流速度下噪声频谱特性。采用分离涡方法仿真模拟起落架周围非定常湍流流场,通过涡声理论计算声源的强度和位置,利用FW-H方程积分外推法求解声场,分析噪声的频谱特性、远场指向特性及其产生的机制。结果表明：起落架结构件噪声频谱特性仿真结果与试验结果在低频和中频段吻合较好;起落架结构件噪声呈现宽频噪声的特性;频谱曲线以及频谱中优势频率均随着来流速度的增加而增大;仿真曲线中的能量峰值分别对应于缓冲器与支柱、缓冲器与摇臂的干扰噪声;形成此噪声源的压力脉动位于缓冲器下部表面区域;缓冲器和摇臂是总噪声的主要贡献源,支柱对总噪声的贡献量最小;噪声辐射呈现非对称的指向特性。     

钢轨动力吸振器减振降噪特性分析

采用钢轨动力吸振器是降低轮轨振动噪声的有效措施之一,基于有限元和边界元法建立钢轨动力吸振器振动噪声计算模型,分析单自由度钢轨动力吸振器系统和多重钢轨动力吸振器系统的减振降噪性能差异,调查在不同车轮钢轨表面粗糙度、不同列车运行速度工况下钢轨动力吸振器结构降噪特性。计算结果表明:多重钢轨动力吸振器结构较单自由度钢轨动力吸振器结构有更为优良的减振和降噪性能。随着列车运行速度增加,轮轨总辐射噪声增加,同时钢轨动力吸振器结构的降噪效果也有一定提升,而对于不同轮轨表面粗糙度,钢轨动力吸振器降噪量效果不会有较大的波动。     

Monte Carlo Simulation of Massive Absorbers for Cryogenic Calorimeters

There is a growing interest in cryogenic calorimeters with macroscopic absorbers for applications such as dark matter direct detection and rare event search experiments. The physics of energy transport in calorimeters with absorber masses exceeding several grams is made complex by the anisotropic nature of the absorber crystals as well as the changing mean free paths as phonons decay to progressively lower energies. We present a Monte Carlo model capable of simulating anisotropic phonon transport in cryogenic crystals. We have initiated the validation process and discuss the level of agreement between our simulation and experimental results reported in the literature, focusing on heat pulse propagation in germanium. The simulation framework is implemented using Geant4, a toolkit originally developed for high-energy physics Monte Carlo simulations. Geant4 has also been used for nuclear and accelerator physics, and applications in medical and space sciences. We believe that our current work may open up new avenues for applications in material science and condensed matter physics.     

载人飞船着陆座椅缓冲系统的动力分析与改进

现有载人飞船座椅采用前支座铰接的方式,只能实现单向着陆缓冲。为了减小着陆过程对航天员的多向冲击过载,在此将座椅支座铰链连接改为双向弹性支撑。建立了两种缓冲系统的动力学模型,在同一种着陆工况下,比较了两种缓冲方案的缓冲器行程、工作时间、胸—背向和头—盆向加速度的动态响应。算例表明,改进后的缓冲系统能降低多向冲击加速度峰值。     

减振器异常噪声的试验研究与分析

本文从系统的观点出发，对减振器的异常噪声问题进行了实验研究。研究中将减振器作为悬架的组件之一，考虑路面激励特性、轮胎动特性和减振器动特性对减振器异响的影响，为此，设计了实车道路和室内台架实验方法，进行了轮胎和减振器结构的模态测试，并利用先进的数据分析处理手段，对减振器噪声的影响因素进行了深入的分析，得到了一些新的重要的结论。本文的研究对进一步从系统的观点了解减振器异响发生的机理，进而寻求异响控制手段具有一定的工程意义。     

Optimization of double‐layer absorbers on constrained sound absorption system by using genetic algorithm

As investigated by the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) in 1970, noise is highly responsible for the psychological and physiological ills to workers. Therefore, the noise control for an enclosed system with high echo effect becomes essential. Besides, the thickness of adopted sound absorber is occasionally constrained for maintenance, the interest in minimizing the noise under space constraint is then arising. In this paper, the shape optimization of double‐layer absorber together with genetic algorithm (GA) is presented. Before optimization, one example is tested and compared with the experimental data for accuracy check of mathematical model. Thereafter, a simple optimal program in dealing with pure tone noise of 350 Hz has been pre‐run to verify the correctness of genetic algorithm before the design in full band noise being performed. Results show that both the accuracy of mathematical model and the correctness of GA method are acceptable. Consequently, this study may provide a novel scheme with GA in solving the shape optimization of sound absorber on the constrained sound absorption system. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高架轨道交通噪声的分析与控制技术研究

轨道交通是大城市公共交通方式的首选,其产生的噪声可能污染沿线地区的环境,高架轨道交通噪声的分析、预测和控制成为建造高架轨道交通必须解决的问题。首先用传声器阵列分析了上海轨道交通9号线列车噪声级沿高度的指向性,研究了各1/3倍频程对总噪声的贡献量,归纳了列车等效声功率级与列车速度的关系。然后建立了一套适用于高架轨道交通噪声辐射的预测模型,将列车视作一个移动的均匀线声源,采用单极子和偶极子传播模型拟合轻轨列车的通过噪声,并用高架轨道交通线附近的测量数据,验证了不同测点情形下模型的适用性,为预测高架轨道交通线的噪声辐射提供了一种实用方法。最后,介绍了新开发的道间声屏障和动力吸振阻尼钢轨技术,以及工程应用效果。     

提高背景噪声下结构辐射声强测量精度的研究

背景噪声存在会引起薄壁结构表面辐射声强和声功率的测量误差。将探头屏蔽起来是降低这一误差的方法之一。本文分别对两种声屏蔽罩和局部声屏蔽空间进行了研究。结果表明,屏蔽罩虽然使用方便,但对薄壁结构表面声辐射这类抗性很强的声场.它的放入将破坏局部声场,引起测量的偏度误差,不宜采用。就本身声学特性来说.吸声材料构成实心锥的声屏蔽罩明显优于空心锥形的.在被测声场抗性不强的情况下可以采用。本文提出的局部声屏蔽空间解决了声屏罩引起的问题,当背景噪声的总声压级比信号的总声压级高出10dB时,总声强的测量误差低于1dB,声强细谱的误差小于2dB,有效地抑制了背景噪声引起的声强测量误差。     

Modeling of TES X-Ray Microcalorimeters with a Novel Absorber Design

We have successfully modeled our new TES (transition-edge sensor) X-ray microcalorimeters with a novel X-ray absorber design that is suitable for close-packed array with high quantum efficiency. We have determined device parameters that reproduce complex impedance curves and noise spectra throughout the transition. Observed pulse height, decay time and baseline energy resolution were in good agreement with simulated results using the same parameters.      

基于INM模型的天津机场飞机噪声污染预测与防治研究

随着我国航空运输业的不断发展,飞机噪声污染问题已经成为限制民航发展的主要问题之一。调查统计了天津机场2018 年实际航空业务量和规划航空业务量,利用INM模型计算飞机噪声并绘制等值线图,根据计算结果分析飞机噪声对周边环境的污染情况。计算结果表明,受航空业务量增加和第三跑道建设的影响,天津机场周边受飞机噪声影响的面积和人数显著增加。结合国际民航组织（ICAO）针对飞机噪声控制提出的“平衡做法”,研究天津机场可以采用的噪声污染防治措施,主要包括减少噪声源、土地使用的合理规划和管理、采用减噪飞行程序。     

适用于城市轨道交通车站的吸声体设计及其性能测试

根据城市轨道交通车站的结构特点和噪声特性,设计并制作有空腔的吸声体;将1/4波长声管设置于吸声体中,以提高其对中低频轮轨噪声的吸收能力。通过单传声器脉冲响应法测试吸声体样品的吸声性能,结果表明：加装空腔和布置声管后,吸声体的中低频吸声能力明显提高。最后应用ANSYS和SYSNOISE软件,分别计算出安装该吸声体前后的车站声场,结果显示：安装吸声体后,候车点的声压降低2 ～5 dB。     

冲击载荷下永磁式电涡流减振器设计及动态特性分析

为研究轮式车辆的电涡流减振器在行进间冲击载荷下的动态特性,结合电涡流理论设计了一种永磁式电涡流减振器,并基于等效磁路模型和麦克斯韦方程分析了其导体筒表面空气间隙处磁感应强度与阻尼力之间的关系;同时,利用有限元法对永磁式电涡流减振器的静、动态磁场分布进行了研究,并分析了不同结构参数对其阻尼特性的影响及不同运动速度下的示功特性曲线。通过建立1/4车辆悬架动力学模型和基于高斯滤波白噪声的随机路面激励模型,对车辆行进间冲击载荷下永磁式电涡流减振器的动态特性进行了分析。结果表明：永磁式电涡流减振器的磁场在动态条件下会发生退磁以及磁感线趋速聚集现象,各结构参数对其阻尼特性的影响较大;永磁式电涡流减振器的响应速度快,压缩、复原阻尼力恒定且平稳,可以高效、快速地消除轮式车辆越野时受到的路面激励和车载武器射击时的冲击载荷,能够有效抑制车体振动。研究结果对提高轮式车辆的越野机动性以及车载武器的射击精度具有重要意义。     

Sensitivity Measurements of a Transition-Edge Hot-Electron Microbolometer for Millimeter-Wave Astrophysical Observations

Future experiments to probe the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization will need arrays of 1000s of sensitive bolometers. We are developing a Transition-edge Hot-electron Microbolometer (THM) to fill this need. This small-volume bolometer consists of a superconducting bilayer Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) with a thin-film absorber. Unlike traditional monolithic bolometers which make use of micromachined structures, the THM employs the decoupling between electrons and phonons at milliKelvin temperatures to provide thermal isolation. The devices are fabricated photolithographically and are easily integrated with antennas via microstrip transmission lines, and with SQUID readouts. We present the results of noise, responsivity, and thermal conductance measurements in which electrical power is dissipated in the absorber, and confirm a thermal model for a test THM with a Mo/Au TES and Bi/Au absorber.      

Suppression of cryocooler-induced microphonics in infrared imagers

Sophisticated portable infrared imagers developed for surveillance, reconnaissance, targeting and navigation play a vital role in the modern tactics used for carrying out military and antiterrorist operations. Their superior performance relies on novel optronic technologies and maintaining the infrared focal plane arrays at cryogenic temperatures using close cycle mechanical Stirling cryogenic coolers.Such coolers are well known sources of high-frequency interference contaminating the image signal and causing essential degradation in the overall imagery performance. This phenomenon is generally referred to as microphonics, which mostly manifests itself at the resonant frequencies of sensitive mechanical components of infrared packages.The ruggedizing of these components involves stiffening and dampening which are, evidently, not the best solutions to implement inside, say, an evacuated envelope, where the issues of added heat load, thermal mass, ageing, vacuum contamination due to outgassing are of the primary concern.The paper examines the idea of using externally mounted wideband dynamic absorbers for suppressing the above resonant responses and associated microphonic noise. The suggested analytical model relies on a set of complex frequency response functions experimentally captured on the original infrared package. The optimised dynamic absorber yields about a tenfold suppression of the resonant responses and a threefold attenuation of the overall RMS level of microphonic noise. The results of the analytical prediction are in fair agreement with experimental data.     

基于台架试验的悬架减振器异响辨识研究

针对某车型悬架减振器异响问题,分别进行整车道路及台架试验,获得两者的一致性规律,即减振器活塞杆加速度信号在特定频段内具有相似性。进而对减振器异响台架试验的辨识方法进行研究,提出时域峰谷差值法、分段功率谱RMS值法及基于特征能量小波分析法,并分析比较其优缺点。在此基础上提出并采用基于权重系数的聚类分析法,将单指标刚性矩形判定区域转化为多指标柔性圆形判定区域,减少评判结果因单指标误判导致最终结果误判的概率,可为大批量、不同型号减振器异响辨识及提高鉴别准确度提供参考。     

A comprehensive model of electrical noise in AlGaAs/GaAs long-wavelength quantum well infrared photodetectors

We present the results of a comprehensive model for the electric noise simulation of a kind of nano-optoelectronics device: AIGaAs/GaAs long-wavelength quantum well infrared photodetectors (LW-QWIPs) in dark conditions by assuming a three-dimensional carrier transport in the barriers where the electrical field are obtained in a self-consistent way. This model takes into account all the fundamental mechanisms involved in the device detection process. The electrical field distribution, dark currents, electrical noise are carefully calculated and analyzed. The numerical results also explain well our experimental observations.