固溶条件对一种新型亚稳β钛合金时效响应的影响

根据近临界钼当量和多元强化原则设计了一种新型亚稳β钛合金（Ti-B20），以室温拉伸性能和显微组织为主要考察内容研究了固溶处理对这种新合金时效响应的影响。结果表明：在同样的时效条件下，该合金的抗拉伸强度随着固溶温度的升高而升高，而固溶后水淬比空冷能产生更高的硬化效应，分析结果揭示了该合金独特的时效响应来自于其亚稳β相较低的稳定性和过剩空位对析出的共同作用。     

多次重复固溶时效处理对TB15钛合金组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、拉伸试验机和扫描电镜等手段研究了多次重复固溶时效处理对TB15钛合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着固溶时效处理重复次数的增加,TB15钛合金的显微组织发生了较为明显的变化,次生α相合并长大,原始β晶粒晶界增厚;1次固溶时效处理后合金的综合力学性能达到最优,随着固溶时效处理重复次数的增加,合金的强度和断裂韧度均降低,伸长率和断面收缩率也急剧降低,断裂类型从韧性断裂向脆性断裂转变;相同工艺参数的重复固溶时效处理不能实现在不大幅降低强度和断裂韧度的前提下改善该合金的室温塑性。     

Improvement of Strength in 2004 Al Alloy by Enhanced Solution Treatment

In present paper, the effect of enhanced solution on mechanical properties and aging behavior in a commercially available 2024Al alloy were investigated using tension test and scanning electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to measure the incipient melting behavior and then determine the technology parameter of enhanced solution heat treatment for high strength. The results show that an appropriately enhanced solution treatment can make final solution temperature higher than that of the conventional solution temperature and improves second phase solution without the formation of overheated microstructure. As the results, both the strength especially the yield strength and the resistance to over aging can be improved considerably without a large deterioration to tensile ductility.     

Improvement of Strength in 2024 Al Alloy by Enhanced Solution Treatment

In present paper, the effect of enhanced solution on mechanical properties and aging behavior in a commercially available 2024A1 alloy were investigated using tension test and scanning electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to measure the incipient melting behavior and then determine the technology parameter of enhanced solution heat treatment for high strength. The results show that an appropriately enhanced solution treatment can make final solution temperature higher than that of the conventional solution temperature and improves second phase solution without the formation of overheated microstructure. As the results, both the strength especially the yield strength and the resistance to over aging can be improved considerably without a large deterioration to tensile ductility.     

热处理对挤压镁合金AZ91和ZK60组织与性能的影响

通过力学性能测定以及金相显微组织观察，对挤压态AZ91和ZK60镁合金的热处理工艺进行了研究。结果表明，AZ91合金固溶态与挤压态相比抗拉强度变化不大，但伸长率有较大幅度的提高；时效硬度峰值时的抗拉强度与固溶态相比有一定的提高，但伸长率有较大幅度的降低。ZK60合金固溶态与挤压态相比抗拉强度和伸长率均有相当程度地降低，且时效硬度峰值时的抗拉强度与同溶态相比有一定的提高，伸长率也有较大幅度的降低。AZ91合金固溶处理后晶粒尺寸与挤压态相比有所增大，但ZK60合金固溶处理后晶粒尺寸显著粗化。同时，两种合金固溶时效处理后伴有强化相粒子析出。     

Influence of aging modes on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ80 magnesium alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ80 magnesium alloy after solid solution and aging treatments were studied by using optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) as well as tensile testing. The results indicated that β-Mg17Al12 phase was getting to distribute discontinuously along the grain boundary after treated at 395℃ ageing for 12 h followed by water-cooling, but it did not dissolve into α-Mg completely. The residual β-Mg17Al12 phase distributed along the grain boundary and had block-like or island shapes. The size of α-Mg was getting to be coarsening but not significantly. The β-Mg17Al12 precipitates appeared in discontinuous and continuous patterns from supersaturated α-Mg solid solution after aged at 200℃. The precipitation patterns were associated with the aging time essentially. The tensile strength and elongation of the alloy increased significantly but the hardness and yield strength decreased after solid solution treatment. However, with the prolonging of aging time, the hardness and strength of alloy increased while the ductility decreased.     

热处理工艺对含Er压铸Al-Si-Mg合金组织及性能的影响

以含Er的压铸Al-Si-Mg合金为研究对象,通过拉伸性能测试、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)及透射电镜(TEM)分析及定量统计,分析研究了不同固溶、时效工艺对合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明:双级固溶有利于一次相回溶至基体,使合金的塑性提高;固溶温度、时间的提高能够增加固溶到基体中的溶质原子和一次相的数量。Al-Si-Mg合金峰时效时,主要的强化相为β″、β′相,β′相主要表现为长条状及“T”字形。当热处理工艺为(280 ℃×3 h+530 ℃×3 h)固溶+170 ℃×3 h时效时,合金的伸长率达8.5%,具有高塑性; 热处理工艺为(280 ℃×3 h+540 ℃×10 h)固溶+170 ℃×10 h时效时,合金的抗拉强度为344 MPa,屈服强度为312 MPa,合金具有高强度。     

Aging characteristics of new metastable beta titanium alloy

The aging characteristics including microstructures alloy named Ti-B20 subjected to different solution treatments. and properties were investigated for a new metastable beta titanium Microstructural examination shows that precipitate-free zones, which are present in the many metastable beta titanium alloys, are not produced in the aged new alloy. The decrease of yield stress with the increase of aging temperature is due to the coarsening of alpha platelet. Furthermore, the age hardening effect of the new alloy strengthens with the increase of solution treatment temperature. These aging characteristics are attributed to the relatively lower concentration of beta stabilizer in the new alloy.     

真空压铸Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.5Zr镁合金的组织与性能

采用真空压铸工艺制备GW63K合金,研究压射速度和真空度对组织及性能的影响。采用光学显微镜、SEM及EDX对组织进行观察。研究GW63K的热处理工艺。结果表明：铸态GW63K合金由α-Mg基体和Mg24（Gd,Y）5第二相组成,且随着压射速度的增加,合金的屈服强度没有大的变化,但是伸长率先增加后减小;真空辅助能够减少气孔的大小及含量。在475℃固溶2 h,然后在200℃下时效80 h,GW63K合金的抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到308 MPa和9.45%。首次发现预初晶（ESCs）的存在对压铸GW63K合金热处理性能有巨大影响,预初晶（ESCs）的存在严重降低热处理后合金的性能。     

超高强超高韧铝合金的热处理工艺研究

主要研究了三种铝合金，对每种铝合金采用不同的固溶和时效工艺进行对比，探讨热处理工艺对其力学性能的影响。以期找到铝合金的强度和塑性的最佳结合点，并确定各种铝合金的最佳热处理方案。通过力学性能测试和微观组织分析，结果表明，经优化后的复合固溶和特种峰值时效的有效结合能够提高合金的综合性能，同时获得较佳的强度和塑性。通过改进热处理方案，7208铝合金的屈服强度达到650N/mm^2、抗拉强度达到680N/mm^2、伸长率达到12％；7509铝合金的屈服强度达到675N/mm^2、抗拉强度达到722N/mm^2、伸长率达到13．5％；7012铝合金的屈服强度达到684N/mm^2、抗拉强度达到745N/mm^2、伸长率达到14％。     

固溶时效处理对挤压态6082铝合金力学性能和组织的影响

采用拉伸试验机、光学显微镜和透射电镜等方法研究了固溶和时效处理工艺对挤压态6082铝合金力学性能和组织的影响。结果表明,经530 ℃固溶处理的试样强度高于550 ℃固溶处理的试样,经不同固溶温度处理后合金表现出不同的力学性能各向异性行为,而经时效处理后合金的屈服强度显著提升。550 ℃固溶处理的合金,晶粒明显长大。经时效处理后的试验合金中分布着大量的针状析出相,能有效阻碍位错的运动,提升材料的强度。经不同固溶+时效处理后的挤压态试验合金拉伸断口处均发现大量的韧窝,表现出韧性断裂的特征。     

Mg-6Gd-3Y-2Zn-0.5Zr镁合金的组织和性能

设计了新型Mg-6Gd-3Y-2Zn-0.5Zr镁合金,并用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及拉伸试验机对合金铸态、均匀化态及挤压态的显微组织特征和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,铸态Mg-6Gd-3Y-2Zn-0.5Zr合金组织主要由α-Mg基体和沿晶界分布的块状长周期堆垛有序结构相组成,均匀化处理(450℃×16h)促使细小层片状的长周期堆垛有序结构相由晶界向晶内生长。挤压态Mg-6Gd-3Y-2Zn-0.5Zr合金在200℃下时效处理,无明显时效硬化现象,但挤压态合金具有优良的强韧性能,室温抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为335MPa、276MPa和17%。     

多向强应变及时效处理对铝合金的强韧性影响

利用多向锻造及时效处理技术加工变形铝合金,使铝合具有高强度和良好的塑性.研究结果表明,试样组织显著细化且超细的第二相微粒弥散分布,抗拉强度和硬度大幅度增加且塑性良好,抗拉强度和伸长率分别为396.3 MPa和11.08％.锻件强度和硬度大幅度提高是由于组织显著细化且超细的第二相微粒弥散分布;多次累积应变和时效处理改善晶界状态,使锻件的塑性增强.     

固溶处理对Al-8.8Zn-2.0Mg-2.1Cu-0.1Zr-0.1Ce合金组织性能的影响

采用拉伸性能和导电率测试、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、差热分析(DSC)、透射电镜(TEM)研究了固溶温度和时间对Al-8.8Zn-2.0Mg-2.1Cu-0.1Zr-0.1Ce合金板材微观组织、拉伸性能及断口形貌的影响。结果表明,试验合金适宜的固溶工艺为470 ℃×60 min,使冷轧态金属间化合物充分固溶。在此工艺下合金时效后的抗拉强度、屈服强度(以R_p0.2计)以及伸长率分别为646 MPa、581 MPa和14.5%。TEM观察发现合金板材固溶时效后晶内强化相η′仅为2~5 nm,并且晶界析出相η呈现断续分布。此外,合金拉伸断面韧窝中大量弥散分布的AlCuCeZn粒子有利于合金塑性的明显提升。     

时效时间对ZW21镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X－射线衍射仪及电子万能试验机等设备研究了时效时间对新型ZW21镁合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，该合金经525℃×4h固溶处理并于250℃时效处理后，合金晶内会弥散析出呈花瓣状组织，提高了合金的力学性能；250℃时效24h后，合金的抗拉强度达到最大值243MPa，断后伸长率达23．75％。     

时效前冷变形对Al-15Zn-0.5Mg-0.5Sc合金组织及力学性能的影响

对热轧态Al-15Zn-0.5Mg-0.5Sc合金进行固溶+时效和固溶+冷轧+时效处理,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和万能力学试验机等研究了各状态合金的微观组织及力学性能。结果表明,冷轧可使饱和Al-Zn固溶体分解,并动态析出Zn相,同时冷轧还促使合金晶粒细化以及位错增殖。人工时效可使合金内析出高密度η′相,而冷轧所导致的高密度位错促进了析出过程并加速了η′相向η相的转变。时效前冷轧可明显优化Al-15Zn-0.5Mg-0.5Sc合金的力学性能,Al-15Zn-0.5Mg-0.5Sc合金经固溶+冷轧+70 ℃人工时效后,其屈服强度和极限抗拉强度分别为413和462 MPa,其强化机理包括细晶强化、位错强化和析出强化。而120 ℃时效会加速位错湮灭,从而削弱位错强化效果。     

高强钛合金斜轧管材组织性能的研究

研究了高强钛合金TB2斜轧穿孔管材的组织和力学性能,并对拉伸试样断口形貌进行了分析。研究结果表明,TB2合金斜轧穿孔管材晶粒细化,斜轧态为完全β单相组织,时效后为α+β两相的等轴组织;斜轧态和固溶状态塑性指标较高,有利于进一步塑性加工,时效后强度较高;管材拉伸试样断口分析发现,斜轧态和固溶状态表现为布满韧窝的塑性断口,时效后为韧脆混合断口。     

长期时效对GH4169合金动态拉伸变形行为的影响

研究了长期时效对GH4169合金的显微组织和动态拉伸性能及变形行为的影响规律及机制.结果表明,应变速率为10¹—10² s^-1时,合金强度受时效时间影响显著,断裂延伸率随时效时间的延长呈降低趋势,在时效500 h后基本保持不变;高应变速率(10³ s^-1)条件下,长期时效对合金强度无明显影响,而断裂延伸率受时效时间的影响显著,长期时效造成的合金塑性劣化现象提前发生.高应变速率变形过程中,位错运动受阻来不及释放,在时效0—1000 h范围内,合金未出现强化相峰值尺寸效应,强度受时效时间的影响并不明显.长期时效后GH4169合金晶界δ相附近无析出带的产生,导致动态载荷下晶界塑性变形的协调能力降低,应变速率为10³ s^-1时,合金塑性在短时间时效后迅速下降.     

In situ thermomechanical processing to avoid grain boundary precipitation and strength-ductility loss of age hardening alloys

To avoid grain boundary (GB) precipitation during aging, a new strategy of in situ thermomechanical processing for age hardening alloys was proposed. Specifically, high-density nanoscale precipitates were introduced into ultrafine grain (UFG) interiors of 7075Al alloy by equal-channel-angular (ECAP) processing at 250 °C for 8 passes, thus avoiding GB precipitation. Tensile test results indicated that the UFG 7075Al alloy exhibits superior mechanical properties (yield strength of 350 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 500 MPa, uniform elongation of 18% and tensile ductility of 19%) compared with the UFG 1050Al counterpart (yield strength of 170 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 180 MPa, uniform elongation of 2.5% and tensile ductility of 7%). Fracture surface morphology studies revealed numerous homogeneous micro shear bands in necking shrinkage areas of both UFG 7075Al and 1050Al alloys, which are controlled by cooperative GB sliding. Moreover, the introduction of nanoscale precipitates in UFG 7075Al matrix weakened the tendency of shear fracture, resulting in a higher tensile ductility and more homogeneous deformation. Different from the GB precipitation during postmortem aging, in situ thermomechanical treatment dynamically formed GBs after precipitation, thus avoiding precipitation on GBs.     

Enhanced Strength in Cu-Ag-Zr Alloy by Combination of Cold Working and Aging

In this investigation, the effect of different degree of cold rolling and post-aging treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a Cu-3wt.%Ag-0.5wt.%Zr alloy was studied by means of hardness measurement, tensile tests, optical and electron microscopy. The alloy was subjected to cold rolling up to 80% followed by aging in the temperature range of 400-500 °C. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and hardness were found to increase as degree of cold rolling increased, but at the expense of ductility. Aging of cold rolled samples in the studied temperature range has resulted in different combinations of strength and ductility. However, aging of cold rolled samples at 400 °C for 1 h has resulted in a combination of high strength and moderate ductility. A yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of 511 and 560 MPa, respectively with a ductility of 12% were achieved for 80% cold rolled and aged (400 °C for 1 h) sample. The high strength achieved after 80% cold rolling and aging is mainly attributed to precipitation of fine silver precipitates.