高性能铜合金热力学数据库的开发及其在材料设计中的应用

利用相图计算(CALPHAD)方法,采用亚规则溶体模型描述溶体相的吉布斯自由能,采用亚点阵模型描述金属间化合物和有序相的吉布斯自由能,并结合相平衡和热力学性质的实验数据,优化与计算Cu-X二元系以及Cu-Fe、Cu-Ni、Cu-Cr、Cu-Co、Cu-Mo和Cu-W基各三元系的相图,获得自洽性良好的热力学参数,并建立铜合金热力学数据库。该数据库可以提供稳定和亚稳的相图计算、相分数计算、液相面计算、热力学性质的计算等多种信息,为外推计算铜基多元合金系的相平衡提供理论基础,并为高性能铜合金材料的设计及制备提供重要的理论指导。     

Mo-RE二元合金相图的热力学数据库

利用CALPHAD方法,选择和建立合理的热力学模型,并结合相平衡及热力学性质的相关实验信息,对Mo-RE (RE: Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)各二元系相图进行了热力学优化与计算。其中,液相和端际固溶体相的Gibbs自由能采用亚正规溶体模型描述,气相的Gibbs自由能采用理想气体模型描述。计算结果与实验数据取得了良好的一致性,最终得到了一组自洽的合理描述Mo-RE二元系各相自由能的热力学参数,建立了Mo-RE (RE: Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)二元合金相图的热力学数据库。该热力学数据库可以提供相平衡及热力学性质等多种信息,为外推计算三元以及更多组元体系的相平衡提供理论基础,并为相关体系的合金设计及制备提供重要的理论指导。     

La-Mg-Ni体系富镁角的热力学优化与计算

运用CALPHAD方法系统地对La-Mg-Ni三元体系富镁角进行热力学优化与计算。选取置换溶液模型描述液相,三亚点阵模型描述La2Mg17-xNix,定化学计量比化合物模型描述LaMg2Ni,最终获得一组具有良好自恰性的热力学模型与参数。通过相图软件Pandat计算获得该区域的液相投影面图、673和773 K下的等温截面相图以及平衡反应等,且计算得到的相图和热力学数据与试验数据较好地吻合。     

Mg-Zn-Si体系的相平衡计算及应用

利用Calphad方法重新评估了Mg-Si二元系的液相,并结合Mg-Zn和Zn-Si二元系热力学数据,外推得到Mg-Zn-Si三元系热力学参数;同时根据Mg2Si-MgZn2伪二元相图实验数据评估了Mg-Zn-Si系的液相三元相交互作用参数,计算相图与实验数据较一致。利用Scheil凝固模型模拟了Mg-2.33Zn-0.9Si(at%)合金的凝固过程,预测了镁合金在铸造冷却过程中的相演变信息,模拟计算结果与实验结果吻合较好     

Al-Zn-Fe三元系相平衡优化及实验验证

结合最新报道的Al-Zn-Fe三元系热力学数据,利用CALPHAD技术,对Al-Zn-Fe三元系的热力学模型参数进行优化;并制备Al96.75Zn3.25/Fe(at%)扩散偶,将其在300 ℃下退火52.5天后取出水淬,利用EPMA对扩散层中存在的相进行检测.研究结果表明,优化后的Al-Zn-Fe三元数据计算所得各二元系相图、三元等温截面相图及热力学数据与实验值相符,该模型及参数可作为向高元体系外推的基础.     

Ni-Yb二元系的热力学评估（英文）

基于文献报道的相平衡和热化学实验数据,利用相图计算(Calphad)方法对Ni-Yb二元系进行热力学评估。考虑到液相混合焓在25%Yb(摩尔分数)附近有急剧变化,液相采用缔合物模型,组份为Ni、Yb Ni3和Yb;端际固溶体相包括FCC_A1(Ni)、FCC_A1(Yb)和BCC_A2(Yb),均采用亚规则溶体模型,并按照Redlich-Kister多项式进行描述;中间化合物Yb_2Ni_(17)、YbNi_5、YbNi_3、YbNi_2、α-YbNi和β-YbNi都没有明显的固溶度实验数据,均按严格计量比处理。优化得到的Ni-Yb二元系热力学参数自洽合理,能够很好地再现该体系的热化学性质和相图数据。     

BaO-MgO二元系相图优化计算研究

在对BaO-MgO二元系热力学数据评估的基础上,采用Thermo-Calc软件对该体系相图进行优化计算.采用规则溶液模型,获得了较完整的BaO-MgO二元系相图和该体系较完整的热力学数据.还对该二元系的混合焓及组元活度进行了讨论.通过与实验数据进行比较,在富BaO端与实验结果基本吻合;在富MgO端,采用了最新的MgO熔点温度,获得了更加合理的液相线.     

Cu-Ni-Sn三元系相平衡的热力学计算

基于Cu-Ni-Sn三元系的相平衡和热力学的实验信息,采用亚正规溶体模型描述液相和fcc相的Gibbs自由能,为了预测该体系中bcc相的A2-B2有序-无序转变,bcc相的Gibbs自由能采用双亚点阵模型进行描述.利用CALPHAD(相图计算)方法评估了Cu-Ni-Sn三元系各相的热力学参数,计算的富Cu侧相图和热力学性质与实验数据比较一致.并对该三元系中bcc相的A2-B2有序-无序转变及fcc相的溶解度间隙进行了计算.这些计算结果对利用析出强化以及Spinodal分解开发高强度和高导电性的新型Cu基合金的组织设计具有一定的指导意义.     

相图及其在钛电解新工艺和钛合金设计中的应用

相图是材料设计的指导书、冶金工作者的地图和热力学数据的源泉。简要概述了近年来相图计算研究的进展,举例说明了Ti-C-O三元系及其亚二元系相图在钛电解新工艺研究中的应用及Ti-Al相图在钛合金设计中的应用,并在文献中列出了新的可靠的合金和化合物相图的来源。最后指出,进一步测定Ti-C-O三元系中TiC-TiO固溶体的精确固溶范围及其与其它相的相关系对于直接电解TiO2提取金属钛新工艺的工业化有重要意义。     

RECl_3-CaCl_2-MgCl_2(RE:La、Ce、Pr和Nd)三元相图

优化评估了RECl_3-CaCl_2(RE:La、Ce、Pr和Nd),RECl_3-MgCl_2和CaCl_2-MgCl_2九个侧边二元系相图和热力学性质,运用Hillert不对称模型,以MgCl_2为不对称组元计算了RECl_3-CaCl_2-MgCl_2系列三元系相图,并简要讨论了不对称组元的选取原则。     

Thermodynamic assessment of the Ni-Sb binary system

The Ni-Sb binary alloy system was thermodynamically assessed using CALPHAD approach in this article.Excess Gibbs energies of solution phases,liquid and fcc phases,were formulated using the Redlich-Kister expression.The intermediate phases were modeled by the sublattice model with (Ni,Va)0.5(Ni,Sb)0.25(Ni)0.25 for Ni3Sb_HT phase and (Ni,Va)0.3333(Sb)0.3333(Ni,Va)0.3333 for NiSb phase.The other phases including Ni3Sb,Ni7Sb3,and NiSb2 were treated as stoichiometric compound owing to their narrow composition ranges.Based on the reported thermodynamic properties and phase diagram data,the thermodynamic parameters of these phases were optimized,and the obtained values can reproduce the available experimental data well.     

Defect structures and ternary lattice site preference of the B2 phase in the Al–Ni–Ru system

The energies for stoichiometric and defected binary and ternary B2 phases in the Al–Ni–Ru ternary system were calculated from first-principles. The dominant compositions-conserving constitutional defect structures for NiAl and RuAl have been determined as (Al, Ni)(Ni, Va) and (Ru, Al, Va)(Al), respectively. It was observed that Ru prefers the Ni-sublattice in NiAl, while Ni has a very strong preference for the Ru-sublattice in RuAl. Furthermore, the results indicate that a miscibility gap is likely to be stable at low temperatures in the NiAl–RuAl pseudobinary system.     

Ni—Zr二元相图计算

优化和计算了ＮｉＺｒ二元相图。液相用缔合物模型、端际固溶体用替换溶液模型描述，Ｎｉ５Ｚｒ和Ｎｉ１０Ｚｒ７则分别选用了（Ｎｉ）１（Ｎｉ，Ｖａ）４（Ｎｉ，Ｚｒ）１和（Ｎｉ，Ｚｒ）１０Ｚｒ７的亚点阵模型。计算结果与大部分相图和热力学数据相吻合     

Experimental studies and thermodynamic optimization of the Ni-Bi system

Experimental studies by electron microprobe analyses, optical microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry were performed. New data about the liquidus in the central and the Bi-rich regions were obtained. A narrow homogeneity region (about 50–52 at.% Bi) was found for the compound NiBi while the second intermediate phase in this system (NiBi₃) was stoichiometric. Thermodynamic optimization of the Ni-Bi phase diagram was achieved by the CALPHAD method by combining phase diagram and thermodynamic data. Thus, NiBi was modeled with two sublattices, allowing mixing of Bi and Ni on one of them only. The intermetallic phase NiBi₃ was modeled as a stoichiometric compound. Redlich-Kister polynomials were used to describe the excess Gibbs energies of the solution phases (liquid, pure bismuth, and Ni-based solid solutions).     

On the interfacial energy of coherent interfaces

A thermodynamic model has been developed for interfacial energies of coherent interfaces using only the molar Gibbs energy and the molar volume of the two phases surrounding the interface as the initial data. The analysis is started from the simplest case of the interface formed by two solutions on the two sides of a miscibility gap, when both phases are described by the same Gibbs energy and molar volume functions. This method is applied to the fcc Au–Ni, liquid Ga–Pb and liquid Al–Bi systems. Reasonable agreement was found with the measured values in liquid Ga–Pb and Al–Bi systems. It was shown that the calculated results are sensitive to the choice of the Calphad-estimated thermodynamic data. The method is extended to the case where the two phases are described by different Gibbs energy and molar volume functions. The extended model is applied to the interface present in an Ni-based superalloy between the AlNi₃ face-centered cubic (fcc) compound and the Ni–Al fcc disordered solid solution. The calculated results are found to be similar to other values recently obtained from the combination of kinetic and thermodynamic data. The method is extended to ternary and higher order systems. It is predicted that the interfacial energy will gradually decrease with the increase in number of components in the system.     

Bi在Fe液中的溶解平衡及Ni,Mn的影响

用气液平衡法,在密封Mo反应室中研究了1873K下Fe液中Bi蒸气溶解平衡及第三组元Ni,Mn对其的影响,测定了1873K下Bi在Fe液中的溶解量(wt—%)为0.16。Ni,Mn增加Bi的溶解量,其活度相互作用系数为e_(Bi)~(Ni)=-0.20,e_(Bi)~(Mn)=-0.19。     

Crystallization kinetics of （Ni0.75Fe0.25）78-xNbxSi10B12 （x = 0, 5） amorphous alloys

Amorphous ribbons of （Ni0.75Fe0.25）78-xNbxSi10B12 （x = 0, 5） were prepared by a single roller melt-spinning technique in air atmosphere. The crystallization kinetics of the alloys were investigated by means of continuous heating, and the activation energies of the alloys were calculated using Kissinger plot method and Ozawa plot method on the basis of differential thermal analysis data. The crystallization products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. After the （Ni0.75Fe0.25）78Si10B12 amorphous alloy was annealed at the temperatures 715 and 745 K, a single phase of γ-（Fe, Ni） solid solution with grain sizes of about 10.3 and 18.5 nm, respectively, precipitates in the amorphous matrix. The crystallized phases are γ-（Fe, Ni） solid solution, Fe2Si, Ni2Si, and Fe3B after annealing at 765 K. The （Ni0.75Fe0.25）73NbsSi10 B12 amorphous alloy was annealed at 720, 750, and 800 K; and the crystallization phases, γ（Fe, Ni） solid solution, （Fe, Ni）23B6. Ni31Si12 and Nb2NiB0.16 form simultaneously.