磁共振波谱分析在难治性颞叶癫痫术前病灶综合定位中的应用研究

目的 初步探讨磁共振波谱分析(proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1HMRS)在难治性颞叶癫痫病灶定位中的意义.方法 采用PHLIPHS 3.0 T磁共振设备,PRESS CSI序列,对15例难治性癫痫患者和15例年龄、性别与之配对的健康志愿者分别取双侧海马40 mm×20 mm×10 mm大小区域进行多体素MRS分析,获得NAA、Cho、Cr的峰下面积,以颅内电极和术后病理为标准,探讨MRS在难治性癫痫患者病灶定位中的意义.结果 15例谱线基线稳定,信噪比较好;13例癫痫患者1 HMRS结果与正常对照组测值平均值比较发现异常,定位信息与颅内电极和病理符合.结论 多体素短回波1HMRS(PRESS序列)可以发现常规MRI阴性的TLE患者海马区脑组织代谢的异常,对颞叶癫痫术前的病灶定位有较大意义.     

高场强MRI引导计算机辅助立体定向脑活检

目的探讨高场强（3.0T）MRI定位术前计划系统辅助脑活检的可靠性和优势。方法回顾分析我科采用高场强MRI定位SurgiPlan术前计划系统辅助进行的31例颅内病变活检,结合MRS、PWI等特殊序列以及术前PET影像学资料帮助判断活检靶点,结合病理和患者临床病程判断活检的可靠性。结果31例患者均取得明确病例诊断,术前PET、MRS和PWI可以帮助确定弥漫性病变的靶点,可以帮助判断胶质瘤病变最典型的部位,提高活检病理分级的可靠性。结论高场强MRI定位术前计划系统辅助立体定向脑活检具有安全可靠、精确性高、手术操作简单等特点,同时可结合一些功能影像可以帮助判断靶点,提高活检准确率。     

质子磁共振波谱在胶质瘤诊断中的应用

目的 研究质子磁共振波谱（1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy,1HMRS）在胶质瘤诊断及分级中的应用。方法搜集行1HMRS检查并经病理证实的36例胶质瘤患者,其中A组星形胶质细胞瘤Ⅰ～Ⅱ级21例,B组星形胶质细胞瘤Ⅲ～Ⅳ级和多形性胶质母细胞瘤15例。对侧部位的结果作内对照组。观察氮乙酰门氡氨酸（N—acetylaspartate,NAA）、胆碱（choline,Cho）、肌酸（creatine,Cr）、肌醇（Ins）的共振峰及比值。结果A组同对照组间NAA／Cr、NAA／Cho、Cho／Cr差异有统计意义（P〈0．05）。B组同对照组间NAA／Cr、NAA／Cho、Cho／Cr差异有统计意义（P％0．05）。A组与B组间NAA／Cr和NAA／Cho差异有统计意义（P〈0．05）。结论 1HMRS可提高对胶质瘤诊断和分级的准确性。     

Spatial variability and changes of metabolite concentrations in the cortico‐spinal tract in multiple sclerosis using coronal CSI

We characterized metabolic changes along the cortico‐spinal tract (CST) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients using a novel application of chemical shift imaging (CSI) and considering the spatial variation of metabolite levels. Thirteen relapsing‐remitting (RR) and 13 primary‐progressive (PP) MS patients and 16 controls underwent ¹H‐MR CSI, which was applied to coronal‐oblique scans to sample the entire CST. The concentrations of the main metabolites, i.e., N‐acetyl‐aspartate, myo‐Inositol (Ins), choline containing compounds (Cho) and creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr), were calculated within voxels placed in regions where the CST is located, from cerebral peduncle to corona radiata. Differences in metabolite concentrations between groups and associations between metabolite concentrations and disability were investigated, allowing for the spatial variability of metabolite concentrations in the statistical model. RRMS patients showed higher CST Cho concentration than controls, and higher CST Ins concentration than PPMS, suggesting greater inflammation and glial proliferation in the RR than in the PP course. In RRMS, a significant, albeit modest, association between greater Ins concentration and greater disability suggested that gliosis may be relevant to disability. In PPMS, lower CST Cho and Cr concentrations correlated with greater disability, suggesting that in the progressive stage of the disease, inflammation declines and energy metabolism reduces. Attention to the spatial variation of metabolite concentrations made it possible to detect in patients a greater increase in Cr concentration towards the superior voxels as compared to controls and a stronger association between Cho and disability, suggesting that this step improves our ability to identify clinically relevant metabolic changes. Hum Brain Mapp 35:993–1003, 2014. © 2012 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

质子磁共振波谱对帕金森病的诊断价值

目的　探讨质子磁共振波谱 (1 H MRS)对帕金森病 (PD)的诊断价值。方法　通过对 1 5例PD患者和 5名年龄匹配健康对照者双侧基底节区1 H MRS观测 ,分析其基底节区N 乙酰天冬氨酸 /肌酸 (NAA/Cr)和胆碱 (Cho) /Cr比值的变化。结果　PD患者基底节区NAA/Cr含量显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 5)。结论　1 H MRS是研究PD患者基底节区神经元是否遭受破坏的一种无创技术     

脑梗塞后脑代谢及高糖对脑代谢影响的研究

目的 探测脑梗塞后梗塞区及对照区域的代谢变化并探讨高糖对梗塞区域代谢的影响，为脑梗塞的临床治疗提供理论依据。方法 雄性SD大鼠左侧颈内动脉插线法制作脑梗塞模型。用磁共振定域^1H—MRS技术，在同一活体上分别连续检测梗塞区及对照区域代谢变化。结果 脑梗塞后梗塞区NAA、Cho、Pcr／Cr强度均低于对照区，并出现明显的Lac信号。NAA在脑梗塞急性期明显降低。加用高糖1～2h内，所选区域NAA、Cho、Pcr／Cr均有小幅回升，随后又渐趋下降；原有乳酸信号成倍增加(2．4倍)。结论 (1)NAA的变化可反映神经元的功能状况，可望作为MRS早期诊断脑梗死的有效指标。(2)Lac峰的出现是脑梗死早期的敏感指标，其含量变化可直接反映局部病理代谢状况。(3)NAA和Cho的降低证明脑梗塞后即发生细胞膜结构、膜功能及膜间连接损伤；(4)高糖可加剧脑梗塞区的病理代谢导致Lac大量积聚；(5)采用MRS定域波谱技术可更精确、更客观地连续检测活体动物大脑各区域代谢变化。     

1H MRS对星形细胞瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨质子磁共振波谱(1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy,1H MRS)在星形细胞肿瘤诊断及分级中的价值.方法对MRI诊断为脑星形细胞肿瘤并经病理证实的40例患者术前行1H MRS检查,每例患者均行肿瘤区和与之相对应的健侧部位的1HMRS,以作对照研究.结果40例星形细胞瘤均表现为异常的1HMRS,主要表现为氮乙酰门氡氨酸(N-acetylaspartate,NAA)的含量下降;胆碱(choline,Cho)的含量增高,但有3例呈轻微减少改变;肌酸(creatine,Cr)总量变化不大,且无规律性;肌醇(Ins)含量表现为轻度下降,有1例升高;特别是NAA/Cho比值明显下降.结论1HMRS可提高对星形细胞瘤诊断和分级的准确性.     

Leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation in the first Polish patient

Leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and elevated white matter lactate (LBSL) is a very rare autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorder. Clinically patients have slowly progressive ataxia, pyramidal syndrome and dorsal column dysfunction. The disease is defined on the basis of characteristic abnormalities observed on magnetic resonance imaging such as inhomogeneous, spotty involvement of the cerebral white matter, selective involvement of brain stem and spinal cord tracts as well as lactate elevation in the affected white matter on spectroscopy. We present the first identified Polish patient suffering from LBSL confirmed molecularly.     

磁共振波谱成像在神经外科的应用

磁共振波谱成像是一种可以提供脑的代谢和生化信息的无创性检查方法，能客观地反映脑内代谢物的变化。文章从影像学角度分析证实了颅脑损伤、脑肿瘤等在磁共振波谱成像上各有不同的表现，提示磁共振波谱成像能从影像学角度对颅脑损伤、脑肿瘤、脑脓肿和颞叶癫痫等进行辅助诊断和预后判断。     

缺血性脑梗死31P MRS初步分析

目的探讨缺血性脑梗死早期和慢性期pH值、磷脂及其能量代谢物的变化特征.方法脑梗死早期6例(发病时间2～14 d),脑梗死慢性期6例(发病后2～6月),正常组6例,年龄匹配.利用ISIS定域技术采集31PMRS资料,用jMRUI(1.3)软件进行数据分析,计算体素内的pH值,各代谢物与β-ATP的相对比值.结果正常组pH值7.01～7.08,平均7.04.脑梗死早期pH值6.1～6.90,平均6.45,呈碱中毒;病灶区Pi增加明显,β-ATP/Pi与正常组比较有显著性差异(P=0.008＜0.05);PCr减少,PCr/β-ATP有显著性差异(P=0.034＜0.05);PME、PDE及ATP减少,但小于Pi和PCr变化;其中1例大面积脑梗死10 d后病灶区只检测到高尖Pi峰,其它共振峰消失.脑梗死慢性期pH值7.07～7.16,平均7.10,呈碱中毒;PCr、Pi变化不显著性;PME、PDE及ATP降低;PME/β-ATP和PDE/β-ATP与正常组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论脑梗死不同时相pH值、能量及其磷脂代谢物呈现特征性的变化,31PMRS能为优化脑梗死个性化的治疗方案提供独特的生化信息.     

Response to Immunotherapy in CLIPPERS: Clinical,MRI, and MRS Follow‐Up

Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is a recently defined inflammatory central nervous system disorder responsive to steroids with characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. We report a 69‐year‐old man presenting with gait ataxia with the characteristic MRI features of CLIPPERS and describe the clinical, MRI, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) follow‐up after treatment with glucocorticosteroids. Brain and spine MRI showed punctate enhancement peppering the brainstem, cerebellar peduncles, and upper cervical cord. In MRS, the ratio of N‐acetyl aspartate to creatine (NAA/Cr) was significantly decreased in the pons and both thalami. An extensive evaluation found no alternative diagnoses. Treatment with steroids led to rapid clinical improvement. Repeat MRI and MRS showed complete resolution of gadolinium‐enhancing lesions and recovery of NAA/Cr levels in the pons and thalami. After 1 month of tapering oral steroids, weekly oral methotrexate was started and the patient has remained stable for the past 6 months.     

Neuroimaging of inherited metabolic disorders producing seizures

Both MRI with FLAIR and T2, diffusion and post-contrast T1 imaging, as well as proton MRS, allow for defining an approach to evaluating MRI and MRS in neurometabolic diseases producing seizures. Examples of this approach are given here in a limited number of cases, recognizing that a more comprehensive review is beyond the scope of this paper.     

Assessment of GABA concentration in human brain using two-dimensional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

A quantitative method to assess in vivo brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels is proposed using a J-resolved, two-dimensional (2D) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technique. Localized, J-resolved 2D MR spectra were obtained from a 12-cm³ voxel in the occipital lobe of 36 healthy volunteers (18 male and 18 female, age: 25.1±4.8 years). Based on phantom measurements, a GABA resonance peak located at 2.94 ppm, 7.45 Hz, in J-resolved 2D MRS overlaps the least with other resonance peaks which arise from N-acetylaspartate, choline, creatine, glutamate and glutamine. Measurements of this resonance peak yield in vivo GABA concentrations of 1.01±0.36 μmol/cm³ for male and 1.16±0.43 μmol/cm³ for female volunteers, without correction for T1 and T2 relaxation effects. These results are in good agreement with previously reported data and suggest that, with further development, 2D MRS may provide a practical means to estimate the concentration of this important neurotransmitter.     

Lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and discrimination of TLE from extra-TLE using pattern analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopic and volumetric data

PURPOSE: To examine whether or not pattern analysis of magnetic resonance volumetric (MRVol) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H-MRSI) data would enable (a) the accurate lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and (b) the discrimination of TLE from extratemporal epilepsy (E-TLE). METHODS: For lateralization analysis, we used data from 150 nonforeign tissue lesional TLE patients [88 left-sided (L-TLE), 46 right-sided (R-TLE), and 16 bilateral (Bi-TLE)]. For the discrimination of TLE from E-TLE, we used data from 174 patients (145 with unilateral TLE, 14 with unilateral E-TLE, and 15 with widespread epileptogenic zones involving both the TL and extra-TL regions-multilobar epilepsy). A series of "leave-one-out" cross-validated linear discriminant analyses were performed using the MRVol and 1H-MRSI data sets to lateralize TLE and discriminate it from E-TLE. RESULTS: Lateralization: The leave-one-out linear discriminant analyses were able to correctly lateralize (with a posterior probability >0.50) 120 (90%) of the 134 L-TLE and R-TLE patients. Imposing higher posterior probability (>0.95) increased accuracy of lateralization to 98%, with only two discordant cases who underwent surgery on the side of electroencephalogram, and both had bad outcome. Discrimination: the leave-one-out linear discriminant analyses were able to correctly classify (with a posterior probability >0.50) 142 (89%) of the 159 TLE and E-TLE patients. Accuracy increased slightly as higher posterior probability cutoffs were imposed, with fewer patients being classified. CONCLUSIONS: Pattern analysis of 1H-MRSI and MRVol data can accurately lateralize TLE. Discriminating TLE from E-TLE was less accurate, probably due to the presence of temporal lobe damage in some patients with E-TLE reflecting dual pathology.     

MRS及DWI在脑胶质瘤中的应用价值

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像（DWI）和1H-磁共振波谱（1H -MRS）在诊断脑胶质瘤及评价其分级中的作用.方法 选取80例脑胶质瘤患者进行DWI及MRS检查,通过测定脑肿瘤实质部分、对照正常侧的ADC值及比值（rADC）、N-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）、胆碱（Cho）、肌酸（cr）水平及其比值,结合患者术后病理学检查结果,分析磁共振扩散加权成像（DWI）表观弥散系数（ADC）值和1H -磁共振波谱（1H -MRS）在诊断脑胶质瘤及其分级中的作用.结果 （1）高级别组患者ADC值与rADC值均显著低于低级别组,相关分析发现ADC值与rADC值与肿瘤级别呈负相关;（2）与低级别组相比,高级别组患者NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr显著降低,Cho/Cr值显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.相关分析显示NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr与肿瘤级别呈负相关,Cho/Cr与肿瘤级别呈正相关.结论 通过检测rADC值、NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr的变化,可以评价低级别及高级别的脑胶质瘤,为术前分级提供重要的指导.     

The clinical utility of multimodal MR image-guided needle biopsy in cerebral gliomas

Purpose: Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic value of multimodal Magnetic Resonance (MR) Image in the stereotactic biopsy of cerebral gliomas, and investigate its implications. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients with cerebral gliomas underwent ¹H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (¹H-MRS)- and intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (iMRI)-supported stereotactic biopsy, and 23 patients underwent only the preoperative MRI-guided biopsy. The diagnostic yield, morbidity and mortality rates were analyzed. In addition, 20 patients underwent subsequent tumor resection, thus the diagnostic accuracy of the biopsy was further evaluated. Results: The diagnostic accuracies of biopsies evaluated by tumor resection in the trial groups were better than control groups (92.3% and 42.9%, respectively, p = 0.031). The diagnostic yield in the trial groups was better than the control groups, but the difference was not statistically significant (100% and 82.6%, respectively, p = 0.05). The morbidity and mortality rates were similar in both groups. Conclusions: Multimodal MR image-guided glioma biopsy is practical and valuable. This technique can increase the diagnostic accuracy in the stereotactic biopsy of cerebral gliomas. Besides, it is likely to increase the diagnostic yield but requires further validation.     

基于VTK磁共振波谱多体素空间位置的配准

本文利用可视化开发工具包VTK,实现了磁共振波谱多体素和二维医学图像的三维重建,得到多体素、多体素中单个体素和图像在空间的相对位置。对MRS多体素(也称化学位移成像CSI)的空间位置配准可以使医生更精确定位大脑中的病变组织,实施更细致的诊断和治疗计划。     

颞叶癫Xian术前综合定位诊断

目的:研究术前对颞叶癫癎不同定位手段的综合应用。方法:采用ＥＥＧ、ＰＥＴ、ＭＲＩ、ＭＲＳ对２４例顽固性颞叶癫癎患者进行术前定位。结果:结合ＥＥＧ,ＭＲＩ,ＭＲＳ,ＰＥＴ对８３%,７９%,８５%病例作出定位;ＥＥＧ结合ＭＲＩ与ＭＲＳ,可对９２%病例作出定位;ＥＥＧ结合ＭＲＩ,ＭＲＳ,ＰＥＴ,可对９６%的病例作出定位。结论:结合ＥＥＧ,综合采用ＭＲＩ,ＭＲＳ,ＰＥＴ等手段可提高对颞叶癫癎术前定位的准确率。     

In vivo and ex vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the infarct and the subventricular zone in experimental stroke

Ex vivo high-resolution magic-angle spinning (HRMAS) provides metabolic information with higher sensitivity and spectral resolution than in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Therefore, we used both techniques to better characterize the metabolic pattern of the infarct and the neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the ipsilateral subventricular zone (SVZi). Ischemic stroke rats were divided into three groups: G0 (non-stroke controls, n=6), G1 (day 1 after stroke, n=6), and G7 (days 6 to 8 after stroke, n=12). All the rats underwent MRS. Three rats per group were analyzed by HRMAS. The remaining rats were used for immunohistochemical studies. In the infarct, both techniques detected significant metabolic changes. The most relevant change was in mobile lipids (2.80 ppm) in the G7 group (a 5.53- and a 3.95-fold increase by MRS and HRMAS, respectively). In the SVZi, MRS did not detect any significant metabolic change. However, HRMAS detected a 2.70-fold increase in lactate and a 0.68-fold decrease in N-acetylaspartate in the G1 group. None of the metabolites correlated with the 1.37-fold increase in NPCs detected by immunohistochemistry in the G7 group. In conclusion, HRMAS improves the metabolic characterization of the brain in experimental ischemic stroke. However, none of the metabolites qualifies as a surrogate biomarker of NPCs.     

AEEG、MRI与MRS对非惊厥发作癫((癎))的诊断价值

目的探讨动态脑电图(AEEG)和头颅MRI与磁共振波谱分析(MRS)检查对临床非惊厥发作癫癎的诊断和和鉴别诊断意义。方法对76例临床拟诊非惊厥发作癫癎患者行AEEG、MRI与MRS检查,并将检查结果进行分析。结果确诊癫癎56例,其中MRI异常57.1%、~1HMRS异常76.8%。结论AEEG、头颅MRI与MRS对非惊厥发作癫癎的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要意义。