高氯酸掺杂聚苯胺复合阴极的制备及性能研究

目的 为提高聚苯胺海水电池正极的导电性和放电性能,研究各种制备工艺条件对电极性能的影响。方法 采用电化学的方法,以石墨纸为载体,在高氯酸体系中制备聚苯胺（PANI）/二氧化锰（MnO₂）/氧化石墨烯（GO）复合电极,研究复合电极制备的最优条件。采用X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪和扫描电镜表征复合电极,采用交流阻抗法、循环伏安法和极化曲线研究电极的电化学性能。结果 石墨纸在室温下经30 mA/cm²的电流密度氧化60min后,在磺基水杨酸（SSA）质量浓度为15g/L,硫酸锰浓度为0.2mol/L的苯胺-高氯酸溶液里以电流密度18mA/cm²聚合20min,可制备出较优的PMGO复合电极,它与镁合金组成海水电池,以200 mA/g恒流放电至1 V,其比能量可达600 W·h/kg。PMGO复合电极的表面微观形貌是由纳米线组成的三维立体网状结构,聚苯胺与二氧化锰成功复合到氧化石墨烯表面。结论 高氯酸体系掺杂的聚苯胺导电性增强,氧化使石墨纸表面形成大量的氧化石墨烯,为苯胺聚合、复合提供大量活性点,复合后电极比表面积增大,与电解液充分...     

不锈钢表面聚苯胺基复合涂层的制备与防腐蚀性能研究

目的 制备一种新型复合防腐涂层,增强316L不锈钢在中高温硫酸溶液中的耐蚀性.方法 首先使用化学氧化法在石墨(G)颗粒表面原位聚合聚苯胺(PANI),制得PANI/G复合材料,再使用环氧树脂(EP)作为粘结剂,制备PANI/G/EP复合涂层.对比了PANI/G/EP复合涂层与PANI/EP复合涂层及添加氧化石墨烯(GO...     

PAN/PANI/rGO/Au复合纤维的制备及其催化、原位SERS监测性能

本研究首先利用静电纺丝技术构建了还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)增强的聚丙烯腈/聚苯胺复合纤维(PAN/PANI/rGO),然后采用原位还原的方法在其表面生长金纳米颗粒得到了PAN/PANI/rGO/Au复合纤维,通过SEM,FTIR,XRD,XPS,Raman和UV-Vis光谱等手段对复合纤维进行了结构和形貌表征,最后以NaBH4还原四硝基苯酚(4-NP)为模型,研究了复合纤维的催化性能和原位SERS检测该催化还原反应的过程,并将其与同种方法制备的PAN/PANI/GO/Au和PAN/PANI/Au复合纤维进行比较。结果表明,rGO增强的PAN/PANI/rGO/Au复合纤维具有优于PAN/PANI/GO/Au和PAN/PANI/Au复合纤维的催化活性、原位增强SERS检测的能力和循环性能。     

聚苯胺/改性石墨复合材料的电化学制备及其防腐蚀性能研究

采用恒电流法、恒电流阶跃电流法、循环伏安法及自聚合法等4种方法将聚苯胺(PANI)原位沉积在自制的改性石墨(MGE)上,制备出聚苯胺/改性石墨复合材料(PANI/MGE)。利用扫描电镜和红外光谱对PANI/MGE的微观形貌和分子结构进行了表征,利用电化学阻抗谱研究了不同聚合方法所得复合材料的防腐蚀性能。结果表明,4种聚合方法所得复合材料微观形貌与聚合前的改性石墨相似,都呈现平面的片层结构,没有聚合物团簇聚集现象产生。4种聚合方法均能成功实现聚苯胺的原位沉积,聚苯胺与改性石墨之间存在较强的相互作用,且以恒电流阶跃所得复合材料中两者的相互作用最强。5种不同涂层中,恒电流阶跃聚合所得涂层的防腐蚀性能最好,稳定的自腐蚀电位及涂层阻抗最高;循环伏安聚合及恒电流聚合所得两种复合涂层的阻抗及自腐蚀电位均随时间的延长而逐渐下降,涂层很快失效。     

快速电化学剥离天然脉石墨制备石墨烯用于透明导电薄膜的研究

目的开发一种基于电化学剥离天然脉石墨的石墨烯量产制备工艺,并研究其剥离石墨烯的品质,最后验证以该量产石墨烯作为原料制备透明导电薄膜的可行性。方法以相同的电化学工艺剥离天然脉石墨、高定向热解石墨以及人工石墨制备石墨烯,然后用共聚焦光学显微镜(OM)、扫描探针显微镜(AFM)、拉曼光谱仪(Raman)和X-射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)考察天然脉石墨剥离的石墨烯尺寸和品质,并将其与另外两种石墨烯及基于文献报道的热/化学还原氧化石墨烯进行对比,最后以天然脉石墨剥离的石墨烯制备成透明导电膜并测量其电导率和透光率。结果以天然脉石墨通过电化学剥离得到的石墨烯主要以1—3层石墨烯为主,平均横向尺寸和厚度分别为5.9μm和2.4 nm。Raman及XPS分析表明,该石墨烯的品质可与电化学剥离高定向热解石墨得到的石墨烯相媲美,并且优于人工石墨烯和基于热/化学还原的氧化石墨烯的品质。最后以天然脉石墨烯为原料,通过界面自组装及后续的转移工艺于石英基板上制备了透明的石墨烯导电薄膜,在83.1%的透光率下,该薄膜的方阻低至13 k?/□,相对于以人工石墨经电化学剥离得到的石墨烯为原料所制备的导电薄膜有较大的提升。结论以天然脉石墨作为原料并通过电化学剥离得到的石墨烯的尺寸较大、缺陷少、官能化程度低,可应用于透明导电膜的制备,这主要归因于天然脉石墨的致密结晶性及高含碳量。     

聚苯胺原位聚合改性氧化石墨烯制备复合涂层及其耐腐蚀性能研究

目的 提高聚苯胺(PANI)涂层的腐蚀防护性能,并明确其防腐机理.方法 通过原位聚合的方法,采用PANI对氧化石墨烯(GO)进行功能化修饰,并对其在GO表面的生长状态进行调控.利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、拉曼光谱仪(Raman)和场发射高分辨扫描电镜(FESEM),对功能化GO的结构和形貌进行表征和分析;然后将其引入到聚苯胺涂层中,制备PANI/GO复合涂层.采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)详细研究PANI涂层以及不同的PANI/GO复合涂层对不锈钢基材的腐蚀防护效应,并对其耐腐蚀机制进行探讨.结果 PANI均匀地生长在GO片层上,其结构与形貌可以通过控制苯胺的添加量进行有效调控,且PANI的原位聚合促进了GO的片层剥离及舒展,改善了其分散性以及与涂层间的相容性.与单一PANI涂层相比,PANI/GO复合涂层的稳定开路电压值较大,且当苯胺与GO的质量比为5︰1时,获得的功能化GO的分散效果最佳,对聚苯胺涂层的腐蚀防护性能增强效果最为显著.此时复合涂层表现出最大的容抗弧直径,且电化学阻抗谱拟合后的电荷转移电阻最大,双电层电容最小.结论 PANI涂层本身可以在金属表面形成具有屏蔽作用的保护层,但其非致密的形态结构及腐蚀环境下的分子构型变化损害了涂层的腐蚀防护性能.通过功能结构化GO的复合,尤其是在GO分散性最佳的状态下,可有效提高涂层的致密性和抗渗透性,并且可抑制因质子反应导致的分子构型变化对涂层结构的破坏,从而增强涂层的腐蚀防护性能.     

PAN/PANI/rGO/Au复合纤维的制备及其催化、原位SERS监测性能研究

负载型贵金属纳米催化剂是提高贵金属催化剂利用率,降低经济成本的一种有效途径,也是一种新型的有潜力的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)的基底材料。本文首先利用静电纺丝技术构建了还原的氧化石墨烯(rGO)增强的聚丙烯腈/聚苯胺复合纤维(PAN/PANI/rGO),然后采用原位还原的方法在其表面生长金纳米颗粒得到了PAN/PANI/rGO/Au复合纤维,通过SEM, FTIR, XRD, XPS, Raman和UV-Vis光谱等手段对复合纤维进行了结构和形貌表征,最后以NaBH₄还原四硝基苯酚(4-NP)为模型,研究了复合纤维的催化性能和原位SERS检测该催化还原反应的过程,并将其与同种方法制备的PAN/PANI/GO/Au和PAN/PANI/Au复合纤维进行比较。结果表明,rGO增强的PAN/PANI/rGO/Au复合纤维具有优于PAN/PANI/GO/Au和PAN/PANI/Au复合纤维的催化活性、原位增强拉曼检测的能力和循环性能。     

阴极气体O2对石墨烯/聚苯胺/不锈钢双极板耐蚀性的影响

目的 提高质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)双极板的耐腐蚀性能。方法 采用循环伏安法(CV)在316L不锈钢(SS)基材上制备还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)/聚苯胺(PANI)层-层复合双极板。用透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)进行形貌观察,用红外光谱(FTIR)和拉曼光谱(Raman)确定官能团结构,用紫外可见光谱(UV-vis)确定分子共轭状态,用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)确定化学成分和键合状态。在模拟PEMFC阴极工作环境下研究rGO/PANI/316L SS层-层复合双极板的耐腐蚀性能,向体系中通入氧气(O₂),测量开路电位(OCP)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和极化曲线评价双极板的抗腐蚀性能。结果 在离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸甲酯中,通过电聚合能够获得厚度为53μm的PANI膜层,在pH=4的0.03 mol/L K₂SO₄溶液中还原氧化石墨烯(GO),在PANI上获得厚度为10μm的rGO膜层。PANI呈中间氧化态,sp2杂化的r GO和PANI之间的相互作用使得共轭效应增强。连续致密的rGO覆盖在多孔的P...     

电泳沉积耦合电化学还原法制备柔性石墨烯自支撑薄膜电极超级电容器(英文)

通过电泳沉积和电化学还原相耦合的方法制备柔性的石墨烯自支撑薄膜电极。首先,通过电沉积的方法在石墨基底上制备氧化石墨烯薄膜,然后通过对氧化石墨烯薄膜进行电化学还原,得到电容性能优异的石墨烯薄膜电极材料。通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR和电化学测试对石墨烯的表面形貌、结构和电容性能进行表征。结果表明:制备的石墨烯电容性能良好,在1 mol/L的硫酸电解液中,循环伏安扫速为10 mV/s时,比电容为254 F/g;当电流密度为83.3 A/g时,比电容能保持在132 F/g;最大功率密度可达39.1 kW/kg,能量密度为11.8 W·h/kg;充放电循环1000次后,电容能保持97.02%,表明该石墨烯薄膜电极材料具有优异的循环稳定性能。     

聚苯胺/石墨烯原位复合水性防腐涂料耐蚀性能的研究

目的研究聚苯胺/石墨烯水性防腐涂料的耐蚀性能。方法采用盐酸为掺杂酸,以聚乙烯基呲咯烷酮(PVP-K30)为空间稳定剂,利用原位聚合法,以苯胺和石墨烯为原料,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,制备聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料。将聚苯胺/石墨烯、纯聚苯胺、石墨烯分别添加到HG-54C乳液中制备水性防腐涂料,利用动电位极化曲线和盐雾试验对比分析聚苯胺/石墨烯、纯聚苯胺、石墨烯水性涂层的防腐性能,再通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)对比分析其结构和微观形貌。结果聚苯胺均匀地覆盖在石墨烯的片层结构上形成氧化插层结构。当复合材料浸泡在3.5%Na Cl溶液中,腐蚀电流密度为2.3955×10-7A/cm2。盐雾试验表明,聚苯胺/石墨烯的防腐性能优于添加纯聚苯胺和石墨烯的性能。结论聚苯胺/石墨烯涂层具有良好的耐蚀性能,其耐蚀性能优于纯聚苯胺涂层和石墨烯涂层。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide- Polyaniline Composite for Supercapacitor Applications

Graphene oxide (GO) is synthesized from commercially available graphite powder. The prepared GO is converted to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by chemical reduction using sodium borohydride and sodium hydroxide. The rGO is characterized via X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Conducting polymer–polyaniline, was prepared by oxidative polymerization in an electrolyte- hydrochloric acid and using ammonium persulphate as oxidant. The structure and doping of polyaniline were studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and ultra-violet visible spectroscopy. To enhance the conductivity of the rGO, the conducting polymer mixed with rGO and rGO/Conducting polymer composites were prepared. The composite was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, AC impedance spectroscopy. A symmetrical supercapacitor (SC) has been fabricated based on rGO/PANI composites. The prepared composites were shown specific capacitance of 72 F g^–1 at 2 mV s^–1.     

Growth and Characterization of Pencil-Like ZnO Nanowires in the Presence of a Disturbance in Boundary Layer

Pencil-like zinc oxide(ZnO) nanowire was synthesized on Si(111) substrate through a simple vapor phase method using a mixture of zinc oxide and graphite as the source material. The source inside a quartz tube created a Zn-rich vapor that facilitated the formation and growth of ZnO nanowires. Field emission scanning electron microscopic studies indicated that pencil-like ZnO nanowires had a size of the range from 50 to 150 nm in diameter and several microns in length. X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the crystal structure of ZnO nanowires. Raman scattering and photoluminescence were applied to characterize the optical properties of the pencils. The growth mechanism of the nanopencils was discussed based on the growth conditions.     

Silicon/flake graphite/carbon anode materials prepared with different dispersants by spray-drying method for lithium ion batteries

Silicon/flake graphite/carbon (Si/FG/C) composites were synthesized with different dispersants via spray drying and subsequent pyrolysis, and effects of dispersants on the characteristics of the composites were investigated. The structure and properties of the composites were determined by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical measurements. The results show that samples have silicon/flake graphite/amorphous carbon composite structure, good spherical appearances, and better electrochemical performance than pure nano-Si and FG/C composites. Compared with the Si/FG/C composite using washing powder as dispersant, the Si/FG/C composite using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as dispersant has better electrochemical performance with a reversible capacity of 602.68 mA·h/g, and a capacity retention ratio of 91.58 % after 20 cycles.     

EuVO4-V2O5复合物作为高性能锂离子电池电极材料

本文采用水热法、阳离子交换法和煅烧处理,制备了相似于梅花结构的EuVO4-V2O5纳米线复合物。分别在300和500 oC温度条件煅烧制备的EuVO4-V2O5纳米线,实验发现随着温度不断增加,EuVO4-V2O5纳米线表面上的纳米颗粒发生了一定的团聚,当温度升高至500 oC时,纳米线出现了融化。通过实验测试比较发现,其中,300 oC煅烧制备的EuVO4-V2O5纳米线复合物的电化学储锂性能较好,在电流密度为30 mA g-1下经过50次循环后的放电比容量仍保持有376 mAh g-1,表现出良好的循环稳定性,且本文开发了一种新的稀土钒酸盐合成路径。     

Bridge effect of silver nanoparticles on electrochemical performance of graphite nanofiber/polyaniline for supercapacitor

In this work, silver (Ag) nanoparticles were deposited onto graphite nanofibers (GNFs) by chemical reduction while polyaniline-coated Ag-GNFs (Ag-GNFs/PANI) were prepared by in situ polymerization. The effect of the Ag nanoparticles intercalated in composite interface on the electrochemical performances, such as CV curve, charge–discharge behaviors, and specific capacitance of the GNFs/PANI was investigated. It was found that nano-sized Ag particles could be uniformly deposited onto the GNFs and that Ag-GNFs were successfully coated by PANI via in situ polymerization. According to the charge–discharge curves, the highest specific capacitance (212 F/g) of the Ag-GNFs/PANI was obtained at a scan rate of 0.1 A/g, as compared to 153 F/g for GNFs/PANI and 80 F/g for PANI. This indicated that the Ag nanoparticles that were deposited onto the GNFs led to a bridge effect between GNFs and PANI to improve the charge transfer, which resulted in the enhanced electrochemical performances of the composites due to a synergistic effect.     

聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯/氧化铜纳米棒复合材料的制备及其对葡萄糖催化性能的研究

采用静电吸附的方法制备出氧化石墨烯/氧化铜纳米棒复合物,再利用原味聚合的方法在氧化石墨烯/氧化铜纳米棒(GO/CuO-NRs)复合物上原味聚合上吡咯单体。通过对复合材料进行XRD、TEM、SEM和FT-IR的表征,说明制备了聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯/氧化铜纳米棒(PPy/GO/CuO-NRs)复合材料,并对复合材料电极催化葡萄糖进行了研究。结果表明,复合材料对葡萄糖有良好的催化性能。     

Synthesis and characterization of novel conducting composites of polyaniline prepared in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfonate and several water soluble polymers

Various conductive composites were prepared by in situ chemical polymerization of aniline in the presence of several water soluble polymers [alginic acid (2a, AA), poly(acrylic acid) (2b, PAA), and poly(vinyl alchol) (2c, PVA)] and/or anionic surfactants [dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (1a, DBSA) and sodium dodecylsulfate (1b, SDS)] under various polymerization conditions. As a result, the corresponding composites having good film forming property were readily obtained even in the cases with SDS, although PANI prepared in the presence of SDS (PANI/SDS) generally shows extremely poor film forming property due to its low solubility/miscibility and processability in the similar manner as PANI doped with HCl (PANI/HCl). Among the resulting composites, the conductivities of the composites synthesized with SDS tended to be higher than those of the similar composites prepared with DBSA or without anionic surfactants. In particular, the composite prepared by using PVA bearing high molecule weight (PVA-H) and 20 mmol of SDS to aniline monomer was found to show the highest conductivity among the present investigations (32 S/cm), although the conductivity of typical conductive polyaniline doped with HCl, which was synthesized under the similar polymerization conditions, was ca. 3 S/cm at the best. The present PANI composites were characterized by spectroscopic and thermal analysis. Formation of oxidation states of PANIs in these composites was confirmed by the spectroscopic (UV–vis and FT-IR) analysis. The thermal stability of the resulting composite was somewhat lower than those of PANI/SDS itself and PANI/HCl.     

Synthesis and characterization ofsingle-crystalline alumina nanowires

Alumina nanowires were synthesized on large-area silicon substrate via simple thermal evaporation method of heating a mixture of aluminum and alumina powders without using any catalyst or template. The phase structure and the surface morphology of the as-grown sample were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The chemical composition and the microstructure of the as-grown alumina nanowires were characterized using transmission electron microscope(TEM). The nanowires are usually straight and the single crystalline has average diameter of 40 nm and length of 3 - 5μm. The growth direction is along the [002] direction. Well aligned alumina nanowire arrays were observed on the surface of many large particles. The catalyst-free growth of the alumina nanowires was explained under the framework of a vapor-solid(VS) growth mechanism. This as-synthesized alumina nanowires could find potential applications in the fabrication of nanodevices.     

High dielectric constant polyaniline/poly(acrylic acid) composites prepared by in situ polymerization

An ultra-high dielectric constant composite of polyaniline, PANI–DBSA/PAA, was synthesized using in situ polymerization of aniline in an aqueous dispersion of poly-acrylic acid (PAA) in the presence of dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBSA). The water-soluble PAA served as a polymeric stabilizer, protecting the PANI particles from macroscopic aggregation. A very high dielectric constant of ca. 2.0 × 10⁵ (at 1 kHz) was obtained for the composite containing 30% PANI by weight. The influence of the PANI content on the morphological, dielectric and electrical properties of the composites was investigated. The frequency dependence of dielectric permittivity, dielectric loss, loss tangent and electric modulus were analyzed in the frequency range from 0.5 kHz to 10 MHz. SEM micrograph revealed that composites with high PANI content (i.e., 20 wt%) consisted of numerous nano-scale PANI particles that were evenly distributed within the PAA matrix. The high dielectric constants of these composites were attributed to the sum of the small capacitors of the PANI particles.     

Ni nanocomposite films formed by Ni nanowires embedded in Ni matrix using electrodeposition

Ni nanocomposite films formed by Ni nanowires embedded in Ni matrix(Ni nanowire/Ni composite films)were fabricated by electrodeposition combined with supersonic stirring in a conventional Watts'bath containing Ni nanowires with diameter about 30 nm.The deposition temperature-dependent microstructure,crystal orientation,lattice constant and corrosion behavior of the Ni nanowire/Ni composite films were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction and potentiodynamic polarization tests,respectively.And the possible mechanism was discussed.It is found that to some extent,the deposition temperature has an impact on the microstructure,crystal orientation,lattice constant and corrosion property of the Ni nanowire/Ni composite films.The Ni nanowire/Ni composite films prepared at 50℃exhibit a novel inter-twisted-nanowire microstructure and have the best corrosion resistance.