基于粒径分布的机动车尾气颗粒物排放检测方法

常规的机动车尾气颗粒物排放检测方法使用NDIR红外气体传感器采集颗粒物排放信息,易受动态变化尾气浓度影响,导致检测的尾气颗粒物排放浓度与实际排放浓度偏差较高,因此需要基于粒径分布设计一种全新的机动车尾气颗粒物排放检测方法。即计算各微粒的质量浓度,基于粒径分布提取了尾气颗粒物排放特征,再根据经典PID控制算法,构建了Lug Down尾气颗粒物排放检测模型,从而完成了尾气颗粒物排放检测。实验结果表明,设计的尾气颗粒物排放粒径分布检测方法检测的尾气颗粒物排放浓度与实际排放浓度较拟合,证明设计的检测方法的检测效果较好,有一定的应用价值,为提高大气空气质量作出了一定的贡献。     

柴油机排气颗粒物电晕放电下荷电特性的研究

柴油机排气颗粒物粒径小,不易沉降,严重危害人体健康。这里设计并制造了一种电收集柴油机颗粒物的预荷电系统,并通过试验论证了该系统的有效性。对柴油机尾气分流采样,样气中的颗粒物通过线-筒式的负高压电晕放电装置荷电。尾气颗粒物在自制的法拉第杯中被收集,通过与之相连的数字电荷仪测量出收集颗粒物带电量,并用微克天平测量收集到的颗粒物的质量,从而计算得到柴油机尾气颗粒物的荷质比。试验探究了柴油机尾气颗粒物荷电效果与尾气流速之间的关系,验证了柴油机颗粒物可以用带电的方法收集。为柴油机颗粒物通过电晕放电收集提供了理论依据,该技术及产品未来有望用于柴油车尾气后处理系统之中。     

大气颗粒物及其组成研究进展(上)

颗粒物是空气中最重要的污染物之一,由于颗粒物表面的吸附作用,其组分非常复杂,其中含有多种有毒有害的化学成分,对大气环境造成不良影响,并危及人体健康。借助大气颗粒物及其组成成分的测定,通过污染源解析分析其来源及影响因素,控制大气颗粒物的排放,对于保证大气环境质量、改善人们的生存环境具有重大意义。本文对此进行综述。着重介绍大气颗粒物及其组成成分、源解析及测量技术的最新进展。     

大气颗粒物及其组成研究进展(下)

颗粒物是空气中最重要的污染物之一,由于颗粒物表面的吸附作用,其组分非常复杂,其中含有多种有毒有害的化学成分,对大气环境造成不良影响,并危及人体健康。借助大气颗粒物及其组成成分的测定,通过污染源解析分析其来源及影响因素,控制大气颗粒物的排放,对于保证大气环境质量、改善人们的生存环境具有重大意义。本文对此进行综述,着重介绍大气颗粒物及其组成成分、源解析及测量技术的最新进展。     

合肥工大成功研制全国首台治理柴油机尾气装置

近日,合肥工业大学成功研制治理柴油机尾气装置-柴油机颗粒物捕集系统DPF,可清除柴油机尾气排放中的颗粒物(PM2.5)成效显著,攻克了城市柴油车辆尾气排放污染难题。该项目使用主动再生技术DPF系统,通过对柴油机排气系统进行改造,以特定材料制成壁流式的过滤通道载体,过滤捕集尾气的颗粒物,当捕集器中的颗粒物充满到设定程度后,通过特殊设计的再生设备,将捕集到的颗粒物氧化,生成二氧化碳排出。捕集器可以一直循环使用。采用该技术装置后,柴油机尾气黑烟消失,噪音降低。     

基于等压差水膜的柴油机尾气净化装置研究

开发设计了一款新型尾气颗粒物过滤净化装置,该装置利用颗粒物惯性作用和水膜吸附效应实现颗粒物与柴油机尾气的分离。通过分析计算得到形成湿润壁面连续水膜的条件。选择合适的波形板面,搭建柴油机尾气颗粒物检测系统。试验结果表明,设计的柴油机尾气颗粒净化装置可以起到很好地净化颗粒物的作用,尤其是在柴油机刚刚启动低速运转的情况下净化效率高。     

15L以上大排量柴油发动机尾气净化装置的设计

目前国内铁路建设中无缝线路闪光焊接施工过程中柴油发电机组的排放仍为欧Ⅱ标准。PM固体颗粒物多,烟尘严重,有害气体如NO化合物,CO等尾气排放量超标。本文设计加装一种尾气净化装置,通过DOC消除有害气体,通过DPF陶瓷滤芯材料捕捉吸附PM固体颗粒物的方式来达到降低有害气体释放,消除固体颗粒物排放,改善无缝线路闪光焊接过程的尾气排放环境。在城市地铁施工以及国铁线路上大长隧道施工中密闭环境条件下的施工作业,能有效降低职业病发生风险,提高焊轨作业效率,保障施工安全。     

大气颗粒物中左旋葡聚糖及其异构体的定量分析

大气颗粒物中的左旋葡聚糖是生物质燃烧的示踪物质,它极性强,可溶于水,与其它两个立体异构体同时排放,其定量分析对分析化学挑战很大。本文介绍了几种分析大气颗粒物中左旋葡聚糖及其异构体的方法,如气相色谱法、液相色谱法等,从仪器配置、样品前处理、分析条件等几个方面进行讨论,并对几种常用的方法进行了比较,对大气分析工作者进行方法选取及定量分析提供参考。     

GDI发动机颗粒物排放特性研究

本文研究了缸内直喷汽油机在外特性、负荷特性以及不同空燃比和喷油时刻下颗粒物的排放特性。试验结果表明,发动机外特性下的颗粒物排放高于部分负荷速度特性下的颗粒物排放;中低负荷工况下,随负荷增加颗粒物排放逐渐降低,但大负荷或全负荷工况下,颗粒物排放急剧增加;随空燃比增大,缸内直喷汽油机颗粒物排放不断增加;随喷油时刻延迟,颗粒物排放呈现出先降低后增加的变化趋势。     

DOC辅助DPF再生方法研究

在氧化型催化转化器上游排气管中喷入柴油,使其与发动机尾气混合,通过催化转化器使柴油氧化并发出热量来提高发动机的尾气温度,从而实现颗粒物捕集器的再生.整个系统由喷油器、氧化型催化转化器及颗粒物捕集器组成.在发动机台架上对该系统的再生特性进行研究,包括不同模拟车速及不同喷油量时氧化型催化转化器后尾气所能达到的温度;再生时催化转化器后尾气的温升特性;再生时捕集器的背压特性;再生方法的经济性及二次污染分析.结果表明:模拟车速大于60 km/h便可以进行喷油再生;整个再生时间为330 s;再生方法的经济性较好,二次污染物主要为HC和CO.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.