富贵竹、黄花蔺、闭鞘姜对富营养化水体净化的初步研究

利用浮床栽植富贵竹、黄花蔺、闭鞘姜对富营养化水体进行了处理,初步研究试验结果表明：3种植物都能对富营养化水体起到一定的净化作用,特别是富贵竹表现突出,且景观效果较好。     

几种热带景观植物在不同水体中的去污能力比较研究

采用生态浮床技术,对常见的海南本地观赏植物(富贵竹、黄花蔺、闭鞘姜)在不同富营养化水体中去污能力进行研究。结果表明:富贵竹、黄花蔺在不同水体中对TN的净化效果比闭鞘姜显著,20d去除率可达到90%以上。黄花蔺在重度和中度富营养水体中,对CODMn去除效果显著优于富贵竹、闭鞘姜,去除率分别可达69.28%和61.42%。3种植物中富贵竹在各种供试水体均能正常生长,净化效果较明显,植株叶色翠绿,有较好的生态效应和景观效果。     

水稻对富营养化水体生态修复效应及其研究进展

水体富营养化是制约我国农业可持续发展的重要因素。水稻具有显著的水质净化能力,利用水稻对富营养化水体进行生态修复成为植物修复的一个重要的研究方向。通过文献调研,总结了水稻对不同富营养化水体(湖泊、水库、污水河道、养殖尾水、农田退水和生活污水)修复效率,综合分析了不同修复模式(浮床种稻、稻田湿地和稻鱼共作)的技术特点、适用范围和影响因素,归纳总结了水稻对富营养化水体修复的主要作用机制,并对下一步的研究提出了相关建议。     

水生植物

水生植物是指植物的部分或全部生活于水域环境的植物。根据水生植物在水体中的生长生活方式，可以将其分为挺水植物、浮叶植物、漂浮植物与沉水植物4种生活型。水生植物根系发达，萌发能力强，生长迅速，繁殖快。大部分水生植物喜强光环境，不耐阴，少部分水生植物对光照要求较低，水分需求量大，喜肥，生长适宜温度范围为15-25℃。     

三种植物对流动富营养化水体氮、磷去除效应比较

在富营养化流动水体中利用浮床隔断分别种植豆瓣菜Nasturtium officinale R.Br.、水芹菜Oenanthe javanica(Blume)DC和菖蒲Acorus calamus L.三种植物,对供试水体各植物种植前、种植过程中植物不同发育期水质总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH3-N)、硝态氮(NO3-N)、总磷(TP)浓度等各指标进行测定,绘制处理过程中各指标变化曲线,计算三种植物对供试水体N、P去除率,评价各自去除效果。结果表明:三种供试植物中总氮(TN)去除效果从大到小排列是:菖蒲、豆瓣菜、水芹菜,水芹菜显著低于其它二种植物的处理效果,而菖蒲和豆瓣菜之间差异不显著;总磷(TP)去除效果从大到小排列是:豆瓣菜、水芹菜、菖蒲,菖蒲显著低于其它二种植物处理效果,豆瓣菜与水芹菜之间差异不显著。     

优良湿地木本植物的推介

在湿地生态系统和近自然水体景观营建中,湿地木本植物都扮演着非常重要的角色。湿地木本植物生态价值高,具有易繁殖、抗逆性强、生物量大和低养护管理等优点,在湿地生态环境重建和园林水体景观中具有良好的应用推广前景。文章主要从植物介绍、生长习性和栽培管理及应用价值等方面进行阐述,以推动优良湿地木本植物资源得以充分开发利用。     

运用BIB-LCJ审美评判法评价榕属植物景观

榕属植物在园林中形成的景观大体可归纳为7种类型：孤植景观、行道树景观、盆景景观、丛植群植景观、特色景观(附生与绞杀景观)、绿篱景观、地被景观。运用BIB-LCJ审美评判法评价7种类型的榕属植物景观，研究公众对各种榕属植物景观的审美趋向，进而讨论如何配置榕属植物，营造符合公众审美的植物景观。     

海口滨海平原型高尔夫园林SBE美景度评价

高尔夫运动注重户外体验,对场地的景观表现有着更高的要求。为正确认识和解析高尔夫球场中景观变化和景观元素选择对于景观质量的影响,本研究选择海口滨海平原型高尔夫球场中的3个球场(三公里国际、月亮湾和东山高尔夫)作为研究对象,采用SBE美景度评价法将景观质量量化并对美景度得分数据进行分析。结果表明:海口滨海平原型高尔夫中存在规律性的景观落差和景观变化频率,落差越大,景观变化越明显;变化频率越频繁,整体景观越趋于稳定。景观元素材质的丰富程度和搭配的复杂程度直接决定景观质量的高低,单体景观元素中以植物对美景度得分影响最重要,其次为地形、水体和山石。     

浅谈提高园林景观水景中水质的质量——以漳州荣昌花园荷韵华庭别墅区水系营造为例

介绍了在人造封闭型水体中营造长期清澈、自然的水体景观，需要采用水力循环系统与生态学水处理综合治理的办法。     

冠豸山风景名胜区植物景观规划

通过调查冠豸山风景名胜区的植被资源，对植物种类、植被资源现状及景观特点进行了综合分析，并对景区植物景观进行了规划，从生态风景园林的角度，以丰富的植物色彩、色相变化，创造森林为主的变幻景观。并创造一个集自然景观和人文景观为一体、满足人们旅游观光的风景名胜区。     

A vegetation reconstruction method to plant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sedum spectabile</Emphasis> Boreau using drip-irrigation with saline water on a coastal saline soil in region around Bohai Gulf

Soil salinity and saline groundwater are major constraints to the cultivation of crops and landscape plants in coastal regions. With the rapid industrialization and urbanization in these areas, there is an urgent need to improve the landscape to meet the increasing demand of living environments for cities and districts. The aim of this study was to propose a method to plant Sedum spectabile Boreau, a common landscape flower plant, on a very heavy coastal saline soil using drip-irrigation with saline water in region around Bohai Gulf. The salinity levels of irrigation water were 0.8, 3.1, 4.7, 6.3a, nd 7.8 dS/m, respectively. The results showed that the revegetation method, which mainly included ‘ridge planting + saline water drip-irrigation’, was effective in planting Sedum spectabile Boreau for reclaiming coastal saline silt soil. An soil matric potential (SMP) higher above ?5 kPa after transplanted and ?10 kPa after growing season ended, and 6 mm of irrigation water can be used as indicators for Sedum spectabile Boreau drip-irrigation scheduling with 100 % survival rate when irrigated with saline water at <7.8 dS/m in initially saline soils with a gravel–sand layer after tillage. This method is combined with comprehensive utilization of the saline water, agronomic measures, collaborative repair of the soil and plants to offer new views and theoretical support for the protection and development of saline land in coastal regions.     

Impact of aquatic plants on entrainment phenomena based on wind-induced flow in a closed density stratified water area

It has recently been proposed that water purification could be performed using aquatic plants, since they absorb nutrient salts. The behavior of a substance in a closed water area is affected by turbulent flows from wind-induced flow, which is a mechanical disturbance, and convective flow, which is a thermal disturbance. In a closed density stratified water area, wind-induced flow gives rise to the entrainment phenomenon at the density interface. This phenomenon, which is based on mixing between the upper and lower water layers, lowers the density interface and so affects the water quality. We experimentally investigated the effect of aquatic plants on the turbulent flow from a mechanical disturbance in the closed water area. Results indicated that the presence of floating and submerged plants had a significant effect on the scale of the turbulent entrainment, and that the entrainment velocity depended on the overall Richardson number to the power of –3/2.     

Convenient Estimation of Unfertilized Grains in Rice

Abstract

Failure of fertilization in rice is a critical yield-determining factor in plants subjected to temperature or water stress at the early-reproductive stage and in high-yield cultivars bearing heavy spikelets. Although it is important to identify quickly the unfertilized spikelets for research and selection of stress-resistant or high-ripening cultivars from bulksamples, the identification takes time because unfertilized spikelets are usually determined by visual and manual procedures. Our objective was to develop a convenient method to identify unfertilized spikelets in rice. Takanari spikelets at maturity grown in the paddy field were separated into floating and sinking spikelets by different specific gravity solutions of ethanol/water mixture. The unfertilized spikelets were identified by checking the grains inside the spikelets by light penetration and examining the spikelets manually. The percentage of floating spikelets decreased with the increase in ethanol concentration, and that of floating spikelets approximately coincided with the percentage of unfertilized spikelets when the specific gravity was below 0.90×10>³ kg m-³, corresponding to over 70% -ethanol. In a practical range of temperature the specific gravity scarcely changed. In an 80%-ethanol solution, the percentages of floating spikelets in Takanari grown under different nitrogen applications and in rice cultivars having different spikelet size approximately coincided with percentages of unfertilized spikelets, though the percentages of floating spikelets was 5 to 7% higher than the unfertilized spikelets. The use of 70%-ethanol solution increased the difference in some rice cultivars. We concluded that the gravitation method would be convenient for identification of unfertilized spikelets in bulk samples of rice.     

兴隆热带花园景观营造探讨

从多级道路体系、多层次的开敞空间、有聚有散的水体景观等层面,分析以收集、保护、展示热带植物为主题的新型植物园要要兴隆热带花园景的观设计,以期对热带地区的设计实践提供参考。     

北方地区园林植物养护管理技术初探

从水肥管理、病虫害防治、整形修剪方面对北方地区园林植物养护管理技术展开论述。     

Reflective mulches for management of aphids and aphid-borne virus diseases in late-season cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. var. cantalupensis)

A complex of aphids and several mosaic virus diseases can cause major losses in cucurbitaceous crops grown in the inland valleys of California. Three field experiments were conducted to test and compare the effectiveness of reflective polyethylene and biodegradable, synthetic latex spray mulches for management of aphids and aphid-borne virus diseases of late-season cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. var. cantalupensis cv. Primo) in the San Joaquin Valley. Beneficial responses were obtained from the reflective mulches, under conditions of high aphid populations and virus inoculum potential, during each of the experiments. Aphid numbers on leaves of plants growing over mulches were consistently lower than on those growing over bare soil. Onset of symptoms of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus, and watermelon mosaic and zucchini yellow mosaic potyviruses, were delayed 3–6 weeks in plants growing over the mulches, which was critical for initiation of normal flowering and fruiting. High virus disease incidence (100% incidence of foliar symptoms) reduced cumulative, marketable melon yields (number of fruit, fresh weight, and size) in the control plots to near zero in two of the three experiments. In each of the experiments, polyethylene or spray mulch treatments which completely covered each planting bed provided at least 9.5- and 2.5-fold increases in marketable yield, respectively. In the first two experiments, reflective mulches would have provided the difference between salable crops and total crop loss. Partial bed coverage with spray mulch, and alternate row applications of polyethylene film mulches, were less effective than complete coverage of every planted row.     

Effect of swaying motion of floating vegetation on wind-induced entrainment phenomenon in closed water body

When floating vegetation grows on the water surface in a closed water body, the vegetation counteracts the magnitude of the wind acting on the water surface, and affects the fluid flow and the water quality variation in it. In this study, in order to investigate the counteraction effect of the luxuriant growth of floating vegetation on the fluid flow and water quality in the closed water body, we conducted hydraulic experiments on wind-induced flow with density stratification using a wind tunnel test tank and imitated vegetation. We used imitated vegetation made from polystyrene foam plates instead of using real floating vegetation. And we experimentally considered the effect of the vegetation using the concept of the wind-induced entrainment phenomenon. In particular, we focused the effect of the occupation rate and the swaying motion of vegetation. The results indicated that the swaying motion of imitated floating vegetation had an effect on the scale of entrainment. In addition the results had the same tendency as the previous study on the wind-induced entrainment phenomenon.     

浅议水景园设计

通过介绍水景园的定义,水景园的类型,并详细叙述水景园中水生植物的类型及植物配置模式,浅议水景园在现代园林景观设计中的应用手法。     

西北风沙区植物景观规划初探

以陕西省榆林市榆溪苑植物规划为例,探讨从地域性特征出发的植物景观规划,为西北风沙区自然条件下的植物景观规划提供一定的借鉴作用。