前纵隔病变的CT引导经皮切割针穿刺--非经胸骨的活检

目的：探讨非经胸骨的前纵隔病灶切割针穿刺的方法、技术、临床价值及其并发症。资料与方法：回顾性分析1992－2001年间共对39例前纵隔病变行CT引导下的非经胸骨的经皮穿刺。所用穿刺针为16、18、19和20G自动芯状活检枪。所有病例同时行细胞学和组织学检查，并分析其准确性和并发症。结果：35例得到病理诊断。包括淋巴瘤6例，转移性肿瘤5例（腺癌2例，鳞癌2例，低分化癌1例），恶性肿瘤（未能分型）5例，胸腺瘤4例，腺癌、鳞癌、胸内甲状腺、结核、结节病各2例，恶性畸胎瘤、内胚窦瘤、小圆细胞瘤、Castleman‘s病、纵隔血肿各1例。失败4例，原因为切割组织太少（2例），肿瘤液化坏死（1例）和抽吸物为血液（1例）。随后确诊为淋巴瘤3例，另1例颈部活检为转移性低分化癌，系假阴性。并发症包括皮下血肿3例，纵隔血肿2例，纵隔气肿2例。准确率为89．7％（35／39），假阴性率为10．3％（4／39），总的并发症发生率为17．9％（7／39）。结论：CT引导下非经胸骨的经皮前纵隔穿刺适用于前纵隔各个部位的病灶，是一种较经胸骨活检更简便和安全的定性诊断方法。     

多层螺旋CT导引下经皮孤立性肺结节穿刺活检的临床应用

目的：多层螺旋CT导引下经皮孤立性肺结节穿刺活检术的准确性，并发症及应用价值。材料和方法：收集资料完整的57例多层螺旋CT导引下经皮孤立性肺结节穿刺活检病例作回顾性分析，统计准确性，特异性，假阴性及并发症，并分析其影响因素。结果：57例穿刺，病灶一次刺中率为100％，其中43例穿刺确诊为恶性肿瘤，穿刺未发现癌细胞者1例，后经手术证实，穿刺14例为良性病变，并经手术和随访证实，总的穿刺确诊率为98．1％(5667)，假阴性率为1．8％(167)，无假阳性。5例轻微并发症无需特殊处理。结论：多层螺旋CT导引下经皮孤立性肺结节穿刺活检具有很高的敏感性、特异性及准确性，临床应用价值大。     

使用切割针行经皮纵隔肿块穿刺活检术

探讨ＣＴ引导下使用切割针行经皮纵隔肿块穿刺活检术的临床价值。材料和方法：对３２例纵隔肿块,使用１６～１９Ｇ切割针在ＣＴ引导下施行穿刺活检术,分别进行细胞学和组织学检查。结果：诊断准确性为９３．８％,假阴性率６．１％。并发症包括气胸（３例）、肺内出血（５例）、纵隔内出血（３例）,其发生与穿刺路径有关;总体发生率为３４．４％（１１／３２）,均无需特殊处理。结论：ＣＴ引导下经眼纵隔肿块切割活检术诊断准确     

CT导引下胸部病变穿刺活检的临床分析

目的：评价CT导引下穿刺活检在胸部病变诊断中的价值。方法：有手术病理或临床随诊的胸部病变CT穿刺活检223例，其中125例133次活检为传统CT导引下活检，其余98例105次CT穿刺活检应用激光导引装置。结果：223例胸部病变中212例有临床诊断结果，CT穿刺活检诊断正确率为82．1％（174／212），对恶性病变的敏感率86．2％（131／152），特异性100％、对良性病变明确诊断率为71．7％（43／60）。并发症包括13．0％（31／238）发生气胸，1．3％（3／238）需要放胸腔引流管，5．0％（1／238）发生肺实质少量出血，0．8％（2／238）出现少量咳血。激光导引下CT穿刺活检诊断正确率为88．4％（84／95），明显高于传统CT导引下活检76．9％（90／117）的诊断正确率，两者在气胸发生率、每次活检平均胸膜穿刺次数方面无统计学差异。结论：CT导引下胸部病变穿刺活检是一种安全、准确、有效的诊断及鉴别诊断方法。激光导引装置在胸部CT穿刺活检中有较高的应用价值，尤其对于小病灶和中心性病变。与传统CT导引下活检相比激光导引下CT活检可提高诊断证确率、缩短活检时间。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检经验总结

目的：探讨CT导引下经皮肺穿刺活检的技术方法和影响诊断准确性的因素，防范并发症的心得。方法：回顾性分析36例肺内病变CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检的技术方法，就如何提高穿刺准确性及影响诊断准确率的因素、防范并发症的心得进行讨论。结果：36例中，穿刺成功率100％，活检诊断准确率为30／36（83％）。3例发生轻度气胸。结论：CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术是安全的，可有效提高肺内病变的诊断准确性。但操作医生熟练的技术方法非常重要，并可以减少并发症的发生。     

CT导向下经皮纵隔病变自动切割活检准确率分析

目的探讨影响CT导向下经皮纵隔病变自动切割活检(automated cutting needle biopsy,ACNB)准确性的相关影响因素。资料与方法回顾性分析89例采用CT导向下经皮纵隔病变ACNB的患者资料,以最终诊断结果为金标准,计算穿刺活检诊断恶性病变的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确性。应用χ2检验分析不同病变部位、大小、良、恶性及穿刺次数等对穿刺活检准确性的影响。结果 89例纵隔病变穿刺活检患者中有80例与最终诊断结果相符,穿刺活检诊断恶性病变的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确性及其95%可信区间分别为90.5%(84.4%～96.6%)、86.7%(79.6%～93.8%)、97.1%(93.6%～100%)、65.0%(55.0%～75.0%)、89.9%(83.6%～96.2%)。经统计学分析,经皮纵隔病变ACNB活检准确性与病灶大小、穿刺次数有统计学意义,穿刺层面病灶越大,活检准确性越高;穿刺次数为3次组活检准确性高于<3次组,而与>3次组无明显差异。结论 CT导向下经皮纵隔病变ACNB对纵隔病变定性诊断准确性高且安全,纵隔病变大小及活检次数可影响活检诊断的准确...     

螺旋CT引导下胸部病变穿刺活检的临床应用

目的：螺旋CT引导下胸部病变穿刺活检的临床应用价值。方法：用半自动活检针对45例胸部病变在螺旋CT引导下穿刺活检，其中肺部病变40例，纵膈病变2例，胸膜病变2例，胸壁病变1例。结果：45例病变穿刺活检成功率为100％，诊断准确率93．3％（42/45），恶性病变准确率94．3％（33/35），良性病变准确率90％（9/10）。并发气胸5例，肺出血4例，痰中带血2例。结论：螺旋CT引导下胸部穿刺活检成功率高，并发症少，安全可靠，值得临床推广应用。     

CT导引下经皮肌肉骨骼病变穿刺活检

目的 探讨CT导引下经皮穿刺活检在肌肉骨骼病变诊断的价值，评估激光导引装置在肌肉骨骼病变CT穿刺活检中的作用。方法 165例CT引导下肌肉骨骼穿刺活检病例（其中36例使用Pinpoint激光引导系统），骨骼穿刺活检142例，软组织穿刺活检23例。149例有手术病理、切开活检病理或临床随访资料。结果 165例肌肉骨骼病变的穿刺活检总正确率为75．2％（124／165）。其中骨骼病变穿刺活检的正确率为73．2％（104／142），肌肉软组织病变穿刺活检的正确率为87．0％（20／23）。Pinpoint激光导引下CT穿刺活检的诊断正确率为80．6％（29／36）。使用骨钻针穿刺诊断正确率73．8％（96／130），使用抽吸针穿刺诊断正确率80．0％（28／35）。大病灶（直径〉3cm）穿刺活检诊断正确率80．6％（79／98），小病灶（直径≤3cm）穿刺活检诊断正确率67．2％（45／67），二者之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 CT导引下经皮骨骼肌肉活检是一种安全、简便、有效的诊断和鉴别诊断方法。对大病灶的诊断正确率优于较小病灶，在小病灶中，使用Pinpoint激光导引装置有助于提高诊断正确率。     

CT导向下切割活检在纵隔病变诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨经皮针刺切割活检纵隔病变的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析52例纵隔肿瘤CT导向下经皮针刺切割活检术.穿刺针为美国MD公司TRU-CORE 18 G切割针,52例均做切割病理组织学检查,6例加做免疫组化.结果 (1)病变部位前纵隔49例,中纵隔1例,后纵隔2例;(2)43例病理诊断明确,9例病理诊断不确定.穿刺活检正确率为82.7% ,假阴性率为17.3% ,假阳性病例1例;(3)淋巴瘤活检准确性为50%, 辅以免疫组织化学后切割活检的准确性为80%,明显提高了穿刺活检的诊断准确率(χ2 = 3. 96 ,P<0.05);(4) 8 例小病灶穿刺敏感性为50%,44 例大病灶穿刺敏感性为84.1%,穿刺阳性率与病灶大小无关(确切概率法P>0. 05);(5)胸腺类肿瘤、淋巴结转移性癌活检准确性分别为93%、100% ,淋巴瘤活检准确性仅为50%, 胸腺类肿瘤、淋巴结转移性癌活检阳性率显著高于淋巴瘤(P < 0.05)与前2组比较有统计学意义(P < 0.05);(6) 穿刺并发症发生率为9.6%.气胸发生率为5.8%.结论 CT导向下经皮切割活检术是纵隔病变安全而有价值的诊断方法,辅以免疫组织化学技术可以很大提高纵隔病变的诊断正确率.     

SPECT／CT对脊柱病变鉴别诊断的价值

目的评价SPECT／CT显像在脊柱病变鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法对53例^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像脊柱呈放射性浓聚患者进行SPECT／CT显像,获得SPECT、CT及两者的融合图像。所有病灶均以病理学诊断及6个月以上的影像学随访为最终诊断结果,计算SPECT／CT融合图像的诊断效能。结果SPECT／CT骨显像诊断骨转移肿瘤的灵敏度为96．00％（24／25）,特异性为96．43％（27／28）,准确性为96．23％（51／53）,假阳性率为3．57％（1／28）,假阴性率为4．00％（1／25）,阳性预测值为96．00％（24／25）,阴性预测值为96．43％（27／28）。对脊柱浓聚灶诊断非转移性骨病变的灵敏度为96．43％（27／28）,特异性为96．00％（24／25）,准确性为96．23％（51／53）,假阳性率为4．00％（1／25）,假阴性率为3．57％（1／28）,阳性预测值为96．43％（27／28）,阴性预测值为96．00％（24／25）。结论SPECT／CT同机融合显像结合了CT的解剖定位功能与^99Tc^m-MDP骨显像的高灵敏度,可提高诊断的特异性和准确性,有助于对脊柱病变的鉴别诊断。     

CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic biopsy in the diagnosis of mediastinal masses: evaluation of 73 procedures

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the factors affecting the diagnostic accuracy and rate of complications of CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy of mediastinal masses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 73 consecutive mediastinal biopsies in 70 patients. Final diagnoses were based on a retrospective analysis of surgical outcomes, results of repeat biopsies or findings of imaging and clinical follow-up lasting at least 4 months. Benign and malignant biopsy findings were compared with the final outcomes to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the method. Finally, we analysed the complications. RESULTS: CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy provided adequate samples in 61/73 cases, with a total sample rate of 83.6%. Of these 61 biopsies, 51 yielded a correct diagnosis with specific histological typing, mainly in the case of thymoma and metastasis. Lymphomas were less reliably diagnosed. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy values were 83.6%, 100%, 100%, 35.3% and 83.6%, respectively. Pneumothorax was the most common complication (5.5%). CONCLUSIONS: CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy is an easy, reliable and safe procedure that obviates the need for exploratory surgery in medically treatable or unresectable cases. It should be the first invasive procedure in the diagnostic workup of mediastinal masses.     

Transthoracic fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the lungs using a C-arm cone-beam CT system: diagnostic accuracy and post-procedural complications

Objective: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of transthoracic fine-needle aspiration biopsy (TFNAB) using a C-arm cone-beam CT (CBCT) system and to assess risk factors for immediate post-procedural complications in patients with lung lesions. Methods: From October 2007 to April 2009, 94 TFNAB procedures using a C-arm system were studied in 91 patients with pulmonary lesions a chest CT scans. We retrospectively reviewed the patients' radiological and histopathological findings. We evaluated the lesion size, lesion abutted to pleura and presence or absence of emphysema along the needle path, lesion depth, visibility of target lesion and patient's position. Pneumothorax and pulmonary haemorrhage were assessed after TFNAB. Overall diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were analysed. Results: In 94 TFNAB procedures, 58 lesions were malignant and 36 were benign. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and overall diagnostic accuracy rate of TFNAB were 93.1%, 100%, 100%, 90% and 97.9%, respectively. Pneumothorax was developed in 24 procedures. None of the parameters showed significant impact on the frequency of the pneumothorax. Overall haemorrhage occurred in 43 procedures. The incidence of overall haemorrhage was higher in patients with smaller lesions, longer pleural distance and pleural abutted lesions (p<0.05). Differences in visibility at projection radiographs were statistically significant between patients with or without perilesional haemorrhage (p<0.05). Conclusion: Transthoracic fine-needle aspiration biopsy using a C-arm CBCT system is feasible for imaging guidance of lung lesion and early detection of the procedural-related complications.     

CT-guided cutting needle biopsy of lung lesions--safety and efficacy of an out-patient service

AIM: To determine the safety and efficacy of CT-guided cutting needle biopsy of lung lesions as an out-patient procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 185 consecutive biopsies were performed under CT guidance on 183 patients between January 1991 and December 1998 using 20-gauge (n= 33), 18-gauge (n= 151) or 14-gauge (n= 1) core biopsy needles. A chest radiograph was taken after observation in the Radiology department for 1 h and asymptomatic patients were discharged. RESULTS: The histology was malignant in 150 biopsies (81. 1%) and benign in 23 (12.4%) with 12 false-negative results (6.5%); there were no false-positive results. The sensitivity was 92.6%; specificity 100%; negative predictive value 65.7%; and overall accuracy 93.5%. Pneumothoraces occurred in 48 patients (25.9%); one required aspiration only and four required insertion of an intercostal drain. One patient developed a pneumothorax after discharge. Small haemoptyses occurred in 13 patients without pneumothorax (7.0%), one of whom was admitted. In-patient treatment was required in 10 patients (5.4%). CONCLUSION: Computed tomography-guided cutting needle biopsy of pulmonary lesions is a safe technique with a diagnostic accuracy and complication rate comparable to reported figures for fine needle aspiration biopsy. It can be safely performed on an out-patient basis.     

CT联合电子水平仪技术在穿刺活检诊断肺微小结节的应用价值

目的 探讨CT联合电子水平仪引导经皮肺穿刺活检,对诊断肺部微小结节的临床价值.方法 对44例肺微小结节行CT联合电子水平仪引导下穿刺活检,术后组织送病理学检查.结节根据直径大小不同分为2组,直径为0.5～1.0 cm为A组(10例),直径为1.1～2.0 cm为B组(34例),以切除术后病理及临床诊疗后随访12月以上的诊断结果为最终结果.对比分析其敏感度、特异性、准确性及并发症,并将2组结节的诊断准确性、敏感性、特异度应用配对x 2检验进行比较,P＜0.05有显著性差异.结果 (1)44例病灶中,穿刺靶点到位率100％;总穿刺敏感度为90.9％,特异性为100％,准确性为88.6％,阳性预测值为97.5％,阴性预测值为100％.其中A组的敏感度为77.8％,特异性为100％,准确性为70.0％;B组的敏感度为94.1％,特异性为100％,准确性为94.1％;A组的敏感度、准确性均高于B组(P＜0.05),特异性无差异.(2)并发症:气胸发生率为9.1％,肺内出血发生率为11.4％,血胸发生率为2.3％,总并发症发生率为22.7％,经处理后均治愈.病灶周围有肺气肿是气胸及肺内出血的危险因素(x2=11.2、10.2,P＜0.05),而病灶部位、大小及深度均与上述并发症无关(P＞0.05).结论 对肺部微小结节病变,CT联合电子水平仪引导下经皮经肺穿刺活检是一种安全、有效、准确性高的诊断方法.     

Indeterminate findings on imaging-guided biopsy: should additional intervention be pursued?

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the outcome of patients in whom the results of imaging-guided biopsies were indeterminate and to examine factors that may affect outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a 25-month period, 619 consecutive imaging-guided biopsies (CT, n = 268 [43%]; sonography, n = 351 [57%]) were performed on abdominal lesions. Of these biopsies, findings from 454 biopsies (73%) were positive for malignancy, findings from 21 biopsies (3%) yielded a benign diagnosis, and findings from 15 biopsies (2%) were nondiagnostic. Findings from the remaining 129 biopsies (21%) were considered indeterminate because the pathologic diagnosis revealed benign tissue, inflammation, stromal elements, or atypical cells. The frequency of malignancy in lesions of patients in this indeterminate group was determined. RESULTS: Thirty-eight of the 129 patients were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 91 patients, 55 (60%) had true-negative (benign) results, and 36 (40%) had false-negative (malignant) results. A history of malignancy had no significant effect on the true- or false-negative rate (p = .799). However, the guidance technique had a statistically significant effect: CT and sonographic guidance yielded 25 (49%) and 11 (28%) false-negative results, respectively (p = .037). The number of needle passes, needle type and gauge, and biopsy site did not have a statistically significant correlation with the false-negative rate. The presence of atypical cells in the cytologic aspirate was highly predictive, with a 71% false-negative rate (p = .008). CONCLUSION: We found a high incidence of malignancy (40%) in lesions deemed indeterminate at the time of biopsy. Thus, close follow-up or additional intervention should be pursued in such cases. Sonographic guidance resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the false-negative rate when compared with CT guidance; however, a history of malignancy, the biopsy site, the needle gauge and type, and the number of passes did not have a significant effect on the false-negative rate.     

Accuracy of CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy of lung lesions: Factors affecting diagnostic yield

PURPOSE: This study was performed to analyse the variables affecting the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic needle biopsy of pulmonary lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 612 consecutive procedures with confirmed final diagnoses was undertaken. Benign and malignant needle biopsy results were compared with final outcomes to determine diagnostic accuracy. A statistical analysis of factors related to patient characteristics, lung lesions and biopsy technique was performed to determine possible influences on diagnostic yield. A p value less than 0.05 was interpreted as statistically significant. RESULTS: There were 508 (83%) malignant and 104 (17%) benign lesions. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy for a diagnosis of malignancy were 90.2%, 99.0%, 99.8%, 67.3% and 91.7%, respectively. Overall diagnostic accuracy was 83.3%. Variables affecting diagnostic accuracy were the final diagnosis (benign 67%, malignant 92%; p<0.001) and lesion size (lesions<1.5 cm 68%, lesions 1.5-5.0 cm 87%, lesions>5 cm 78%; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy, the final diagnosis and lesion size affect diagnostic accuracy: benign lung lesions and lesions smaller than 1.5 cm or larger than 5.0 cm in diameter provide lower diagnostic yield.     

经皮肺穿诊断肺癌的价值

目的　探索模拟机及CT导引经皮肺穿对肺部病灶定性诊断的价值。方法　 32 0例肺部病灶病人 ,模拟定位机导引经皮肺穿 2 90例 ,病灶 1cm× 2cm～ 10cm× 12cm ,周围型 2 6 5例 ;中央型 2 0例 ,两肺弥漫型 5例 ;CT定位经皮肺穿30例 ,病灶 1cm× 1cm～ 3cm× 4cm ;周围型 11例 ;中央型 19例。结果　 30 0例患者确诊为肺癌 ;15例为良性病变。模拟机及CT定位 :癌症确诊率分别为 93.8% (2 72 / 2 90 )和 93.3% (2 8/ 30 ) ;发现早期肺癌分别为 2例和 3例 ;肺部病灶的定性确诊率分别为 98.3% (2 85 / 2 90 )和 10 0 % (30 / 30 ) ;气胸发生率分别为 6 .6 % (19/ 2 90 )和 3.3% (1/ 30 ) ;穿刺后出血发生率分别为 16 6 % (4 8/ 2 90 )和 10 .0 % (3/ 30 )。结论　模拟机及CT导引经皮肺穿安全 ,准确、诊断迅速 ,对肺部病灶的定性诊断有重要意义 ,还可发现早期肺癌。     

Ultraschallgezielte Stanzbiopsie der Mamma: Technik,Ergebnisse, Indikationen

Purpose. The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to assess the diagnostic accuracy and complication rate of sonographically guided core needle biopsy in palpable breast masses, mammographically detected nonpalpable lesions, and sonographically detected clinically and mammographically occult lesions. Patients and methods. Sonographically guided core needle biopsy was performed in 590 lesions in 572 patients, by using an automated biopsy gun with a 14-gauge large core needle and a coaxial system. Core needle biopsy results were compared with surgical biopsy in 265 cases. 325 lesions with benign histologic diagnoses were followed up for at least 18 months. Results. 234 carcinomas and 356 benign abnormalities were found in the 572 patients. Core needle biopsy reached a sensitivity of 98.7% at a specificity of 99.7%. Understimation rates for lesions initially diagnosed as DCIS and for lesions initially diagnosed as ADH were 3/10 and 6/14, respectively. Of three false-negative results, two were immediately recognized, and one was identfied at follow-up. Serious bleeding occured in one patient (0.2% complication rate). Conclusions. This report confirms that sonographically guided large core needle biopsy is a safe, reliable and cost-effective method for the assessment of both palpable and nonpalpable, mammographically and sonographically detected breast abnormalities.     

Leberbiopsie mit Hilfe der Mehrschichtcomputertomographie

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous cutting needle biopsy of focal liver lesions under CT guidance has established itself as a standard method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate which diagnostic quality can be achieved under guidance of multislice CT (MSCT) and with the use of different needle sizes.METHODS: The data of 163 MSCT-guided core biopsies of focal liver lesions were evaluated. A 16G biopsy needle was used in 121 cases and an 18G needle in 42 cases.RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for all biopsies were 93.3, 100.0, and 94.5%. The corresponding values were 97.2, 100.0, and 97.5% for the 16G needle and 78.6, 100.0, and 85.7% for the 18G needle, respectively. A definite histological diagnosis could be obtained in 90.0% of the cases (16G 94.0%, 18G 75.8%). These differences were statistically highly significant. Bleeding complications were recognized in seven biopsies (4.3%). In one patient a fatal bleeding occurred after the biopsy. Median biopsy duration was 27 min.CONCLUSIONS: Core biopsy under MSCT guidance is a fast and very accurate method to obtain a histological diagnosis in focal liver lesions. The usage of a 16G needle in comparison to an 18G needle yielded a significantly higher rate of correct results with regard to differentiation between benign and malignant disease as well as establishing a definite histological diagnosis. For an accurate diagnosis of liver lesions a 16G needle is recommended. After biopsy, the patients have to be closely monitored.