门式刚架中隅撑轴力强度的ANSYS分析

研究受到檩条和隅撑支撑作用的梁的弯扭,首先对檩条-隅撑体系提供结果的侧向支撑刚度进行了推导,然后考虑梁的初始侧移,研究了使梁的临界弯矩达到屈服弯矩时隅撑中的内力,这个内力即是对隅撑的强度要求。通过4个算例表明,隅撑轴力不到下翼缘屈服轴力侧向分量的1%,远小于《门式刚架轻型房屋钢结构技术规程》(CECS 102∶2002)中规定的支撑力。     

设置两根拉条的C型冷弯薄壁型钢檩条的弯扭屈曲

拉条被广泛用于增强冷弯薄壁檩条的侧向刚度,现有方法常将其视为檩条的侧向刚性支撑。然而研究表明,拉条连接位置附近檩条腹板的局部变形会显著降低拉条对檩条的侧向支撑作用,因而需采用拉条的有效刚度。为此,对在跨度两个三等分点截面分别设置拉条的C形截面冷弯薄壁檩条的弯扭屈曲进行研究,其中考虑拉条有效刚度的影响。首先,在现有文献的基础上,提出了适用于设置两根拉条的C型檩条的弯扭屈曲总势能;其次,利用总势能编制了有限元程序;然后,提出了设置两根拉条的C型檩条弯扭屈曲临界弯矩的计算式。最后利用ANSYS板壳单元和编制的有限元程序对所提出的总势能以及临界弯矩计算公式进行验证。     

门式刚架结构侧向支撑的强度和刚度研究

对于门式刚架结构,工程实际发现当构件截面尺寸、内力等超过一定范围时,檩条由于强度或刚度不足,致使隅撑对构件侧向支撑作用大大削弱,增大了构件的计算长度。本文结合国内外研究成果,总结出隅撑作为侧向支撑的最小刚度要求,并提供了当檩条刚度不满足最小刚度要求时构件侧向支承的解决方案。     

圆孔蜂窝梁的弯扭屈曲分析

为了对纯弯状态下圆孔蜂窝梁的弯扭屈曲进行研究,将蜂窝梁翼缘和腹板分离,采用有限元软件ANSYS对蜂窝梁开圆孔腹板进行侧向纯弯分析,由挠度-刚度关系反算侧向刚度,得出开孔腹板相对于实心腹板的刚度折减系数ky。考虑开孔腹板的径高比和距高比,经拟合给出了刚度折减系数ky的计算公式,用该系数对蜂窝梁的自由扭转刚度进行修正,代入实腹工字截面梁弯扭屈曲临界弯矩计算公式,得到蜂窝梁的相应计算公式。最后利用该公式分别对不同跨度、不同孔况的简支蜂窝梁在纯弯状态下的弯扭屈曲临界弯矩进行计算,并与有限元分析结果进行对比。分析结果表明,修正后的临界弯矩计算公式具有较高精度。     

隅撑—檩条体系支撑的梁的弯扭屈曲讨论

本文简要介绍了隅撑-檩条体系支撑的梁的弯扭屈曲计算结构。     

考虑侧向支撑刚度影响的蜂窝钢梁临界弯矩计算研究

钢梁可通过设置侧向支撑并控制间距避免其发生整体弯扭屈曲,支撑刚度会对钢梁的临界弯矩产生影响。利用有限元方法研究了不同侧向支撑刚度下蜂窝钢梁临界弯矩。研究结果表明,随着侧向支撑刚度的增加,蜂窝钢梁临界弯矩亦逐渐增加;但当支撑刚度达到临界支撑刚度后,随着侧向支撑刚度的增加钢梁临界弯矩不变。根据参数分析结果,提出了根据支撑间距确定临界支撑刚度的简化计算公式。     

考虑侧向支撑刚度影响的蜂窝钢梁临界弯矩计算研究

钢梁可通过设置侧向支撑并控制间距避免其发生整体弯扭屈曲,支撑刚度会对钢梁的临界弯矩产生影响。利用有限元方法研究了不同侧向支撑刚度下蜂窝钢梁临界弯矩。研究结果表明,随着侧向支撑刚度的增加,蜂窝钢梁临界弯矩亦逐渐增加;但当支撑刚度达到临界支撑刚度后,随着侧向支撑刚度的增加钢梁临界弯矩不变。根据参数分析结果,提出了根据支撑间距确定临界支撑刚度的简化计算公式。     

风吸力下跨中设置一根拉条的连续两跨C形檩条的弯扭屈曲

采用开口薄壁杆件理论及考虑腹板局部变形的拉条有效刚度,提出单跨跨中设置拉条的连续两跨C形冷弯薄壁檩条的弯扭屈曲的总势能;经过ANSYS的壳单元分析,从广泛的参数范围考察了檩条的屈曲模态;应用Ritz法得到风吸力作用下连续两跨C形檩条的近似临界荷载计算式,并将其临界弯矩与半跨纯弯简支檩条的临界弯矩进行比较,最终得到临界弯矩系数。     

正六边形孔蜂窝钢梁的整体稳定研究

通过将双轴对称工字形截面的正六边形孔蜂窝梁的等效刚度代入当量实腹梁弯扭屈曲临界弯矩值的公式中,得到蜂窝梁的弯扭屈曲临界弯矩值公式。为考虑开孔引起的剪切变形对蜂窝梁弯扭屈曲临界荷载值的影响,并验证所得蜂窝梁弯扭屈曲临界荷载公式的正确性,通过与有限元软件计算同尺寸的蜂窝梁得到的弯扭屈曲临界弯矩相比较,证明了所推公式具有满足工程所需的精度。最后为方便工程应用,对蜂窝梁整体稳定性计算公式进行了改进。     

考虑隅撑作用的简支檩条设计研究

简支檩条的常规设计不考虑隅撑对檩条的作用,但隅撑与檩条的连接是客观存在的,隅撑对檩条的受力会产生影响.本文分析了隅撑对檩条的两种作用,即隅撑对檩条的支承作用和附加作用力,并指出隅撑作用下简支檩条的受力分析应当考虑活载不利布置以及各种不同的隅撑附加力工况.算例计算表明,考虑隅撑作用的简支檩条内力变化较大,常规设计偏不安全.     

拱墙结构平面外失稳机理与设计研究

拱墙是一种由拱、立柱、横梁组合而成的竖向平面结构，横梁上的竖向平面内荷载通过立柱传递到大跨度拱体中。为研究拱墙结构的失稳机理，采用有限元分析方法，对拱墙模型在弹性和弹塑性条件下的稳定性能进行了研究。分析结果表明：立柱侧向刚度及横梁侧向支撑刚度是影响拱墙稳定性能的主要因素，当横梁侧向支撑刚度小于其门槛刚度时，拱墙的屈曲模式表现为拱墙整体平面外失稳；当横梁侧向支撑刚度大于其门槛刚度而立柱的侧向刚度小于其门槛刚度时，拱墙的屈曲模式表现为拱体的平面外失稳；当横梁侧向支撑和立柱的侧向刚度均大于各自的门槛刚度时，拱墙的屈曲模式表现为拱墙整体平面内失稳。结合某火车站站房工程，建立了横梁位置施加侧向弹簧支撑和带纵向桁架的两种拱墙模型，分析了该拱墙结构的平面外稳定承载力。结果表明，纵向桁架为拱墙横梁提供的平面外支撑刚度远大于拱墙的侧向支撑门槛刚度，提高拱墙的平面外稳定承载力需通过增大立柱的侧向刚度和加强立柱两端的可靠连接实现。     

Sensitivity analysis of critical forces of trusses with side bracing

The present research is devoted to the study of out-of-plane buckling of trusses with elastic side bracing. In this paper, a sensitivity analysis of critical buckling loads of a truss due to bracing stiffness is carried out. A method based on the sensitivity analysis for the determination of the threshold bracing stiffness condition for full bracing of a truss is proposed. The influence lines of the unit change of the bracing stiffness on the buckling load, for different initial bracing stiffness, are investigated. The approximations of an exact relation between the buckling load and bracing stiffness are found. The buckling length related to the side-support distance as a function of bracing stiffness is also determined. It is shown that the buckling length of truss chords with elastic side supports is larger than that assumed in design codes.     

Lateral bracing of I-girder with corrugated webs under uniform bending

Lateral-torsional buckling may occur in an unrestrained beam where its compression flange is free to displace laterally and rotate. This paper presents the results of the theoretical and finite element analyses of the lateral-torsional buckling of I-girders with corrugated webs and lateral bracing, under uniform bending. It is well known that an elastic lateral brace restricts partially the lateral buckling of slender beams and increases the elastic buckling moment. However, a full study of the effect of lateral braces on lateral-torsional buckling has not been made especially for I-girder with corrugated webs. This paper develops a three-dimensional finite element model using ANSYS [User’s manual, version 10.0] for the lateral-torsional buckling analysis of I-girder with corrugated webs and uses it to investigate the effects of elastic lateral bracing stiffness on the critical moment of simply supported I-girders with corrugated webs under pure bending. It was found that for plastic and inelastic I-girder with corrugated webs, the effect of bracing initially is increased to some extent as the lateral unbraced length increases and then decreased until the beam behaves as an elastic beam. In other words, the effect of bracing depends not only on the stiffness of the restraint but also on the modified slenderness of the I-girder. Also, the results show that Winter’s simplified method to determine full brace requirements cannot be applied to I-girders with corrugated webs. Therefore, a general equation is proposed to determine the value of optimum stiffness (K_opt) in terms of the I-girder’s slenderness.     

Bracing requirements for inelastic castellated beams

Lateral-torsional buckling can be avoided by properly spaced and designed lateral bracing. Bracings are usually assumed to be elastic, and so may be characterized by their elastic stiffnesses. It is well known that an elastic lateral brace restricts partially the lateral buckling of slender beams and increases the elastic buckling moment. However, a full study of the effect of lateral braces on inelastic buckling has not been made especially for castellated beams, and it is not known whether the limiting stiffness for elastic buckling can be applied to castellated beams that buckle inelastically. This paper develops a three dimensional (3-D) finite-element model using a finite-element program and uses it to investigate the effect of elastic lateral bracing stiffness on the inelastic flexural-torsional buckling of simply supported castellated beams with an elastic lateral restraint under pure bending. It was found that for inelastic castellated beams, the effect of bracing initially is increased to some extent as the lateral unbraced length increases and then decreased until the beam behaves as an elastic beam. In other words, the effect of bracing depends not only on the stiffness of the restraint but also on the modified slenderness of the beam. Also, the results show that Winter’s simplified method to determine full brace requirements cannot be applied to inelastic castellated beams. Therefore, a general equation is proposed to determine the value of optimum stiffness in terms of the beam’s slenderness, applicable to all castellated beams under pure bending.     

Buckling of frames braced by flexural bracing

This paper investigates the buckling of multistory frames braced by vertical beams. The sectional properties of the frames and the bracing beam are assumed to vary linearly along the height; the axial forces in the columns and the bracing beam are also assumed to linearly change along the height. A relationship between the buckling load and the bracing rigidity is established. The threshold rigidity for the vertical bracing beam which is just enough to make the frames buckle in a non-sway mode is obtained. The result may be used as a rational basis for classifying sway frames and non-sway frames after taking the influence of initial imperfections and lateral loads into account.     

Buckling of interbraced beam systems

Analyses of parallel beam floor support systems under both uniform beam moment and uniform spread load are carried out. The beams are braced by lines of braces which provide torsional and lateral support and which may be attached eccentrically. Charts illustrate the variation of the buckling load of this interconnected structure under different brace stiffnesses and eccentricities and, in particular, show the levels of stiffness at which ‘full bracing’ is achieved. The matrix equation which allows the uniform moment calculations to be quickly made is presented. Other cases employ a beam-column finite element.     

Cyclic testing of a metal building moment frame system with web-tapered members

Cyclic testing of a full-scale metal building with built-up, web-tapered members was carried out as part of an effort to develop a seismic design procedure for this type of moment frame system. The test building was designed as an Ordinary Moment Frame (OMF) with bolted end-plate moment connection. Test results showed that the system had a very high deformability; the elastic behavior was observed up to more than 2% story drift. But the ductility of the test frame was limited; the system failed at 2.6% story drift due to lateral–torsional buckling of the web-tapered members with a significant strength degradation. The testing also revealed that improper flange bracing with slotted bolt holes could jeopardize the resistance of the framing system with premature lateral–torsional buckling. The experimentally derived member forces and the associated failure mode correlated well with the code provisions for strength evaluation of web-tapered members. The lateral bracing force of the rafter reached 2.6% of the nominal yield strength of the flange.     

Coupled static and dynamic buckling of thin walled beam by spline finite element

For the coupled static and dynamic buckling of thin walled beam subjected to various forces, such as axial force, uniform bending moment, and bending moment due to concentrated and distributed lateral forces, the spline finite element method is employed to obtain the dynamic stiffness matrix. Second order effects of the axial force and moment are considered. A doubly symmetric cantilever beam with uniform cross-section is investigated. Extensive static and dynamic interaction diagrams are plotted. The effects of warping rigidity, torsional rigidity, axial tension and compression on moment buckling, moment on axial buckling compression, higher buckling modes are discussed in detail. The spline finite element method is proved to be very efficient for the present problem and many interaction diagrams can be plotted easily. Some new results are presented. The methodology is based on finite element formulation and therefore it can be easily extended to analyze structural frames.     

Experimental study of prestressed steel-concrete composite beams with external tendons for negative moments

Four groups of prestressed steel-concrete composite beams with external tendons in negative moment regions were tested, and the cracking behaviours and the ultimate negative moment resistances of the composite beams were investigated experimentally. It is found that in hogging moment regions, on adding prestressing to the composite beams with external tendons, the cracking resistance of the beams can be effectively increased; however, the incremental internal tendon forces of the prestressed composite beams are rather small, and therefore can be neglected in the evaluation of the negative moment resistance of the beams. In hogging moment regions, the ultimate resistance of a composite beam prestressed with external tendons is governed by either distortional lateral buckling or local buckling, or an interactive mode composed of the two bucklings. For a beam with a compact section, the negative bending moment can reach the plastic moment when the steel section is fully plastic, and for a non-compact section, the negative bending moment is limited to the yield moment at which the compression steel flange initiates yield. The method for evaluating the buckling resistance of the composite beams is discussed, and a tentative design method based on BS5400: Part 3 is proposed to assess the buckling resistances of the prestressed composite beams.