炉膛安全监控系统(FSSS)分析

炉膛安全监控系统(Furnace Safeguard Supervisory System,以下简称FSSS),目前已成为我国大型电站锅炉必不可少的控制系统,其主要功能是保护锅炉炉膛,避免发生爆炸事故,对油、煤燃烧器进行程控等管理。炉膛安全监控系统主要包括:联锁系统、主燃料跳闸系统、燃油系统和制粉系统。FSSS系统能够连续地在线监控燃烧系统的大量参数和工况,不断地进行实时逻辑运算和判断,必要时发出动作指令,通过联锁装置,防止锅炉和任何部分形成可爆的燃料和空气混合物,以保障锅炉运行的安全性。由此可见,FSSS系统是保护锅炉安全的重要控制手段,火电厂锅炉装设了炉膛安全监控系统后极少发生炉膛爆燃事故。     

水泥生产线重油燃烧系统中锅炉系统 的安装调试要点

正0前言本文所述锅炉系统用于加热重油燃烧系统,主机锅炉由西班牙Pirobloc公司生产。锅炉系统在大多数中东国家水泥厂中已成为主要的加热系统,其燃烧效果好,运行噪音小,易于安装、调试、维修及保养,主要燃料为重油,其能源成本较低,并且污染排放量低于其他锅炉系统。本文重点就锅炉系统的设备安装要求及试运行操作进行具体介绍。1锅炉系统的安装1.1概述Pirobloc公司设计的锅炉系统主要由热油储罐、     

大型循环流化床锅炉机组控制的研究

比较循环流化床锅炉(CFBB)和煤粉锅炉在控制上的特点。论述循环流化床锅炉的模拟量控制系统和炉膛安全监控系统的控制方案及详细的参数。对主蒸汽压力控制系统、床温测量系统、床温校正系统和主燃料跳闸的动作条件进行了详细的分析。指出循环流化床锅炉的炉膛安全监控系统的控制重点在于强调燃料投运操作的条件和联锁关系,而不是防爆。该方案在电厂实际运行中取得了很好的效果。     

热平衡计算解决高压锅炉制粉系统中的问题

在系统其它参数不变的情况下，160t/h高压锅炉制粉系统磨煤机入口一次风温度达到最高值而其出口气粉混合物温度达不到正常值，影响锅炉的稳定燃烧及负荷，通过对锅炉制粉系统的热平衡校核计算可知：在正常工况下，磨煤机入口一次风温度的升高主要是由于进入系统的燃料煤中水分增加，并根据计算结果，对燃料煤从入厂至进入制粉系统前的过程进行调查分析，发现供煤段中的问题所在，改造后取得了良好的效果。     

开式煤粉制备系统运行安全分析与隐患防治

为了消除锅炉燃料煤粉在制备、储存过程中存在的自燃、爆炸隐患,需要从粉煤制备流程及煤质两方面进行控制。首先简要介绍了常用的煤粉制备工艺,同时指出工业煤粉锅炉燃料煤粉煤质一般为较低变质程度的年轻烟煤,且煤粉的挥发分越高,阴燃温度越低。煤粉的爆炸受可燃物浓度与含氧量、点燃源、挥发分、煤粉粒度影响较大。最后从烘干系统、储粉系统、工艺布置、管理维护方面论述了具体的隐患防治措施。     

浅谈油灰渣与硫酸铵产量的关系

为了解决大量油灰渣的处理问题,将其与原煤和矸石混合作为锅炉燃料。脱硫系统采用一炉一塔的布置,3台440t/h锅炉烟气直接进入对应吸收塔,脱硫后净湿烟气脱硫塔直接排放。通过煤的热解反应也就是加氢裂化等多种试验后产生的残渣,其中油灰渣的含量比较多,而油灰渣又属于高热值、高挥发分、低灰分的燃料。油灰渣是一种很好的燃料,如果能有效并且合理地掺烧在现有的燃料中,将大量节约原煤量,因其易结焦但含硫量较多,为了达到系统稳定运行必须把握好其掺烧比例。     

一种多燃料正压锅炉火焰检测装置及应用

讨论了一种多燃料正压锅炉火焰检测装置,在多种燃料切换时对火焰进行可靠的检测和输出控制信号,确保锅炉炉膛安全监控系统可靠运行,提高锅炉点火自动化水平和安全保护等级.     

火力发电厂DCS系统的安全性和可靠性研究

本文根据锅炉灭火主燃料跳闸而进行数据的分析和总结,重点探讨了DCS系统在过程控制的实际应用中存在的若干问题,并结合实践经验给出了若干针对性的防范措施。     

CFB锅炉防磨技改新措施

CFB锅炉（循环流化床锅炉）的前身是沸腾炉,它是在沸腾炉的基础上加以物料返回系统,使未燃尽的燃料返回到炉膛内重复进行燃烧,提高了燃料的利用率.CFB锅炉因其具有煤种适应广、负荷易控制、燃烧强度大、炉内传热能力强、有利于环境保护等优点,近些年得到了广泛的应用与推广.但是由于锅炉用煤为颗粒状,水冷壁在这些颗粒的高速冲刷下受到严重的磨损,管壁会因此变薄而造成泄漏甚至爆管,因此防磨问题已经成为影响CFB锅炉正常运行的大问题.     

煤矸石电厂冲灰系统防垢处理探讨

结合临涣煤矸石热电厂锅炉冲灰系统的现状，分析了灰水结垢的原因，通过技术经济分析，探讨了一条既适合以煤矸石为燃料的小型火电厂冲灰系统，又适合废水排放环保要求的处理办法。     

通用工业锅炉热力计算系统的开发与应用

采用基于过程系统稳态模拟理论的物理模型和序贯模块迭代算法,以及由用户动态可视化搭建烟气流程和工质(蒸汽、水、空气)流程的模型输入方法,开发了适用范围不受锅炉燃料类型、结构形式、流程布置和几何参数等限制的热力计算系统。     

燃油锅炉大面积爆燃的事故分析及预防

介绍了超高压燃油锅炉大面积爆燃事故的基本情况,并依据分散式控制系统(DCS)的数据记录以及爆燃的相关理论,对这次爆燃事故做了详尽的分析,找出事故原因并提出预防措施。     

基于系列GE90-30PLC实现的锅炉汽包水位监控系统

系统采用系列GE 90-30 PLC实现锅炉汽包水位三冲量调节系统,自动化监控软件选用GE C I-MPLIC ITY HM I 4.01运行版(300点),它具有良好的人机界面和系统兼容性。实际应用表明,基于系列GE90-30 PLC实现的分布式计算机监控系统可以提高锅炉的自动化控制水平,降低工作人员的劳动强度,取得了较好的经济和社会效益。     

甲醇弛放气用于掺烧燃气锅炉的实践

介绍了山西焦化股份有限公司甲醇生产中甲醇弛放气的利用情况,对弛放气用于掺烧燃气锅炉的理论燃烧温度和过量空气系数进行了计算和分析;并介绍了弛放气用于掺烧燃气锅炉时弛放气接出位置的确定、所采取的输送方式、减压方式等技术措施,实践证明甲醇弛放气掺烧对燃气锅炉系统基本没有不良影响,具有较好的社会和经济效益。     

Gas Recirculation at the Hydrogen Electrode of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell Systems

In this study it is theoretically analyzed how flue gas recirculation at the hydrogen electrode of solid oxide cells (SOC) systems effects fuel utilization and carbon formation. Interdepence between cell fuel utilization, system fuel utilization and gas recirculation is investigated numerically. Tendency towards carbon deposits is evaluated via thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. It is quantified which gas recirculation rates are necessary to achieve high values of system fuel utilization even if the cell fuel utilization is kept at a moderate level. Furthermore, tendency towards carbon deposition strongly depends on temperature, pressure and feed gas composition and can be reduced by adequate recirculation rates. The presented results can be used for the configuration of gas recirculation in SOC systems.     

绥中处理厂锅炉燃料气流程设计

绥中终端原油处理厂现在使用的热介质加热锅炉所用燃料都是旅大油田的原油,而旅大10-1油田CEP平台生产的富余伴生气确被放到火炬白白烧掉,不仅浪费而且污染环境。本文通过分析海上平台和处理厂的流程,以及平台到处理厂的输油海管的情况,提出了如何把伴生气送到终端,并处理成满足锅炉使用的燃料气的流程方案。该方案如果实施不仅经济效益显著,而且符合国家提倡的节能环保的政策。     

Some considerations about bioethanol combustion in oil-fired boilers

The combustion of bioethanol in boilers has been analyzed and compared with conventional liquid fuels. The study includes an experimental evaluation of combustion performance as well as the estimation of the impact of replacing gasoil by ethanol on the thermal efficiency of an industrial boiler.Several works have been dedicated to the study of fuel substitution in internal combustion engines, being the use of gasoil-bioethanol blends in engines a common practice. However, very few studies have addressed the characterization of switching of conventional liquid fuels by bioethanol in boilers.Combustion tests demonstrate significant differences between bioethanol and gasoil flames. Soot, NO_x and SO₂ emissions are significantly lower with ethanol, whereas this fuel can produce higher amounts of CO than gasoil if the burner is not properly adapted. The experimental tests have demonstrated that both the burner and boiler operation should be readjusted or modified as a result of the change of fuel in industrial boilers. If thermal input is to be kept constant, nozzles of larger capacities must be used and the air feeding rate needs to be significantly modified. Also, the flame detector may have to be replaced and the fuel feeding system should be revised due to the enhanced tendency of ethanol to cavitation. Using the same thermal input may not guarantee keeping the same steam production, but some parameters of boiler operation should be modified in order to avoid reductions in the capacity of the boiler when switching from gasoil to bioethanol, such as gas recirculation fraction, steam cooling systems and percentage of oxygen in the exhaust gases.The feasibility of burning bioethanol in gasoil boilers has been analyzed, and the results confirm that fuel switching is technically possible and offers some advantages in terms of pollutants reduction.     

A study on using fish oil as an alternative fuel for conventional combustors

Combustion tests for fish oil and its blends with fuel oils were performed in a pilot tunnel furnace and two residential boilers to evaluate fish oil as an alternative fuel for conventional boilers and furnaces. Droplet evaporation tests were also conducted as a complementary study of the combustion properties. Fish oil and the blends burned readily in the facilities. The emissions were generally lower than burning the pure fuel oil except that of NO, which was higher for blends with No. 6 residual fuel oil. With better quality No. 2 fuel oil the NO emission of the blends was at the same level as that of the pure oil. Overall fish oil showed good combustion properties and significant economic and environmental benefits are expected.     

Sparsamer Parallelbetrieb von Dampfkesseln - Mikroprozessoren steuern das modulare System

Economical Parallel Operation of Boilers - Microprocessors Control the Modular System If the demand of steam varies a plant of several boilers in parallel operation is as a modul system more economic than a single plant with overcapacity. Since at any time steam production is equal to the demand of the factory a considerable saving in fuel costs can be realized. Besides that it is advanced from central control of a plant of several boilers by electromechanical devices to microprocessor control. Temporary repeating variations in load can be programmed already before.     

循环流化床锅炉SO2的生成与脱除

循环流化床锅炉在燃烧的过程中可脱除S、N等有害气体，其排放物可达到国家的排放标准。通过对云天化循环流化床锅炉的生产实践研究，分析循环流化床锅炉的Ca／S摩尔比、炉温、流化速度、脱硫剂等等因素CFB锅炉脱硫效率的影响。云天化循环流化床锅炉在Ca／S=2．5、床温时850～920℃、石灰石的平均粒度100～150um左右的脱硫效率达到90．6％、SO2平均排放量为1060mg／m^3,证明了循环流化床锅炉脱除SO2的能力。