急性心肌梗死患者溶栓前后QT离散度的变化

目的:观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者溶栓前后QT离散度(QTdispersion,QTd)的变化及早期再灌注对QTd的影响。方法:对61例AMI患者给予尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗,予溶栓前及溶栓2h后同步记录18导联心电图,分别测量成功组及失败组的QTd,并进行前后比较。结果:溶栓后再通41例,溶栓后未通20例。血管未通组其QTd较前减少,但无统计学意义(P>0.05),溶栓后再通组其QTd较血管未通组降低程度更大,有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:QTd可作为评价AMI患者溶栓后判断溶栓成功与否的一项临床早期参考指标。     

溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死患者QT离散度的影响

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者静脉溶栓前后QT离散度(QTd)变化及其对预后的影响.方法:105例AMI患者分为溶栓再通组、未通组和未溶栓组.测定其溶栓前及溶栓治疗1、2周后QTd变化,并与未溶栓组比较.同时比较三组治疗2周时高危室性心律失常.结果:溶栓治疗再通治疗1、2周后QTd显著缩小(P皆＜0.01),高危室性心律失常的发生率低,其与未通组和未溶栓组比较,差异皆有显著性(P＜0.01).而未通组、未溶栓组治疗前后QTd变化和高危室性心律失常的发生率皆无差异(P＜0.05).结论:AMI后2周内QTd增大者,其溶栓再通的可能性小,发生高危室性心律失常的可能性增大.     

早期溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死患者QT间期离散度的影响

目的 :探讨早期溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死患者QT间期离散度的影响。方法 :116例AMI患者 ,溶栓再通组 3 6例 ,未通组 16例 ,非溶栓组 64例 ,比较 3组QTd。结果 :溶栓再通组QTd值明显减少 ,未通组及非溶栓组QTd值增大 ,且后两组QTd值比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。QTd增大者发生室性快速心律失常比率增大。结论 :溶栓再通后AMI患者QTd值明显降低 ,同时室性快速心律失常发生率降低     

心电图T波与QT离散度判断急性心肌梗死静脉溶栓疗效的意义

目的：观察急性心肌梗死（AMI）行尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗后,心电图T波及QT离散度（QTd）变化对判断冠状动脉（冠脉）再灌注的价值。方法：56例AMI采用尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗,分析溶栓后24小时内T波倒置情况及溶栓前后QTd变化。结果：溶栓后24小时内T波倒置组冠脉再灌注率62.7%,未倒置组冠脉再灌注率31.6%,两组比较有极显著性差异（P〈0.01）;溶栓成功组QTd与溶栓前及失败组比较,显著缩短（P〈0.01）。结论：AMI静脉溶栓后24小时内T波倒置及QTd明显缩短可作为冠脉再灌注的重要观察指标。     

急性心肌梗死患者静脉溶栓对QT间期离散度的影响

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AM I)患者静脉溶栓对QT间期离散度(QTd)的影响。方法34例AM I患者分为溶栓再通组,未通组及非溶栓组,测定其溶栓前后的QTd,并与非溶栓组QTd比较。结果AM I患者溶栓前QTd溶栓组(83.28±11.15)ms,与非溶栓组(84.25±11.23)ms,两组差异无显著性(P>0.05),溶栓治疗再通后,QTd明显减少。溶栓未通组及非溶栓组(48.43±7.12)ms,(49.11±8.29)ms,显著高于溶栓再通组(39.21±6.23)ms(P<0.05),室性心动过速(VT),心室颤动(VF)及猝死组(95.81±9.52)ms的QTd明显长于无VT,VF及非猝死者(75.97±9.33)ms(P<0.05)。结论急性心肌梗死静脉溶栓再通后,随心肌缺血改善,QTd明显改善,室性快速心律失常发生率降低。     

58例急性心肌梗死病人行静脉溶栓治疗的护理

[目的]总结急性心肌梗死(AMI)病人行静脉溶栓治疗的护理.[方法]对58例AMI病人行静脉溶栓治疗,同时加强一般护理、心理护理及溶栓治疗的护理配合等.[结果] 58例AMI病人再通50例,未通8例.[结论]加强AMI病人行静脉溶栓治疗护理是治疗成功的保证.     

急性心肌梗塞溶栓前后测定QT离散度的临床价值

对41例急性心肌梗塞（AMI）患者行静脉溶栓治疗，分别测定其溶栓治疗前后QT离散度（QTd），探讨QTd在判断急性心肌梗塞溶栓治疗疗效的临床应用价值。结果：溶栓成功血管再通组25例溶栓前QTd为78．10±21．62ms，溶栓后QTd为41．20±18．23ms，两者比较差异非常显著（P＜0．01）；溶栓失败血管未通组16例溶栓前QTd为79．10±22．31ms，溶栓后QTd为74．20±21．56ms，两者比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。作者认为：AMI溶栓后QTd的变化可作为临床判定溶栓疗效的一项无创性指标。     

影响老年急性心肌梗死溶栓疗效因素分析

目的:分析老年人急性心肌梗塞(AMI)溶栓疗效的影响因素.方法:106例AMI患者分为≥70岁组(31例)、＜70岁组(75例)均在发病6小时内接受尿激酶150万单位静脉溶栓治疗.结果:≥70岁组与＜70岁组血管再通率无差异(P＞0.05),血管再通与血管未通者比较病死率有差异(P＜0.05),溶栓开始越晚病死率越高.结论:AMI的溶栓疗效与年龄无关,与血管是否再通密切相关,疗效与溶栓时间呈显著依赖关系.     

不同方法治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效观察

目的比较直接经皮冠状动脉内介入治疗(PCI)、静脉溶栓 PCI(补救性PCI)、静脉溶栓与传统疗法治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)的临床疗效。方法回顾分析AMI患者96例,其中25例患者接受静脉溶栓治疗,22例患者接受直接PCI治疗,31例行补救性PCI,18例接受传统疗法。比较4组患者梗死相关血管(IRA)再通率与住院死亡率。结果4组患者IRA再通率:直接PCI组IRA再通率达100%,与补救性PCI组比较没有显著性差异(P>0.05),但明显高于溶栓治疗组和传统治疗组(P<0.05)。溶栓治疗组IRA再通率显著高于传统治疗组;4组患者住院死亡率:补救性PCI组住院死亡率略低于直接PCI组,两组比较无显著性差异;补救性PCI组和直接PCI组住院死亡率均显著低于溶栓治疗组和传统治疗组(P<0.05);溶栓治疗组住院死亡率与传统治疗组相比差异有显著性,P<0.05。结论与传统治疗相比,尿激酶静脉溶栓IRA再通率高、死亡率低。与溶栓治疗比较,直接PCI能使IRA安全有效充分开通,可更好地改善患者心功能,降低住院死亡率。补救PCI也能有效地开通IRA,获得TIMI3级血流,挽救濒死心肌,改善心功能。     

急性心肌梗死静脉溶栓治疗对QT离散度的影响

目的 :探讨急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗对QT离散度及近期预后的影响。方法 :观察急性心肌梗死发病 12h内接受静脉溶栓治疗的 78例患者 ,按溶栓后冠脉有无再通分为再通组 (5 0例 )和未再通组 (2 8例 ) ,测定溶栓治疗前后QT离散度 (QTd)、校正的QT离散度 (QTcd) ,并观察两组恶性室性心律失常的发生情况。结果 :溶栓前两组Q T离散度无差异 ,溶栓后QT离散度再通组明显低于未再通组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,恶性室性心律失常溶栓前再通组与未再通组差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ,溶栓后再通组显著低于未再通组 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :急性心肌梗死行有效的静脉溶栓治疗可缩短QTd、QTcd ,改善心肌电稳定性 ,并减少恶性室性心律失常的发生。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Structure and function of "metalloantibiotics"

Although most antibiotics do not need metal ions for their biological activities, there are a number of antibiotics that require metal ions to function properly, such as bleomycin (BLM), streptonigrin (SN), and bacitracin. The coordinated metal ions in these antibiotics play an important role in maintaining proper structure and/or function of these antibiotics. Removal of the metal ions from these antibiotics can cause changes in structure and/or function of these antibiotics. Similar to the case of "metalloproteins," these antibiotics are dubbed "metalloantibiotics" which are the title subjects of this review. Metalloantibiotics can interact with several different kinds of biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, receptors, and lipids, rendering their unique and specific bioactivities. In addition to the microbial-originated metalloantibiotics, many metalloantibiotic derivatives and metal complexes of synthetic ligands also show antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-neoplastic activities which are also briefly discussed to provide a broad sense of the term "metalloantibiotics."     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.