基于开槽管腔的高信噪比铷原子钟物理系统

物理系统提供的原子鉴频信号信噪比是决定铷原子钟频率稳定度的关键因素。借助高频结构仿真软件,设计了一款内径为20 mm的开槽管微波腔。分析和测试表明,该微波腔内微波场磁力线沿腔轴方向均匀密集分布,可激励高强度铷原子微波跃迁。基于这种微波腔,设计出分离滤光物理系统。借助F-P干涉仪光谱测量,优化了滤光效果。测试表明,这种物理系统具备高信噪比,可用于制造频率稳定度为5.0×10^-13t^-1/2的铷原子钟。     

脉冲微波式氢原子钟的研究进展

在传统被动型氢原子钟基础上,利用复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)控制数字衰减器产生两个相干脉冲微波,激励氢原子发生Ramsey干涉,从而压缩原子跃迁谱线宽度,提高被动型氢原子钟稳定度性能。利用单片机控制直接数字频率合成器(DDS)产生扫频信号,可以得到完整的Ramsey条纹。目前已观测到Ramsey条纹并成功将原子跃迁谱线宽度压缩至1.2 Hz,仅为传统被动型氢原子钟线宽的40%。     

用自混合干涉测量振动

激光二极管自混合干涉信号的频率与外腔振动的速率成正比,为了从自混合干涉信号重建振动信号,采用频率电压变换的方法.用整形后的自混合干涉信号驱动模拟开关,来开关电容做电荷转移实现频率电压变换,用振动的激励信号驱动另一个模拟开关让电容的充电电源随振动的相位变化做极性变换,这样从自混合干涉信号中还原出振动信号.还原出来的信号的振幅与振动的振幅成正比,波形与正弦激励信号的波形一致.该方案操作简便、成本低廉,可以用于有确定激振方式的振动特性测量.     

一种极小型氢频标

上海天文台正在研制一种守时用极小型氢原子钟。该频标采用了一个精密的电容式负载谐振腔,它的体积小,从而使标频的体积和重量较通常的氢原子钟大大减小。精密腔的Q值采用正反馈获得增益,从而能维持脉泽振荡并改善信号的信噪比。由于采用了腔自动调谐系统,该频标的长期稳定性可与通常氢钟相比,甚至更好。目前,该频标已建立起来,获得了脉泽振荡信号并锁定晶振,且腔自动调谐系统工作灵敏。     

基于声振信号EMD分解的轻微碰摩故障诊断方法研究

针对转子系统局部碰摩故障特征及声音振动信号特点,采用一种基于声振信号经验模式分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition简称EMD)的轻微局部碰摩故障诊断方法对滑动轴承碰摩故障进行特征提取。由于EMD分解不需要固定的基函数,根据信号特征自适应的调整,从而实现碰摩特征及旋转激励背景信号自动分解。通过设计滑动轴承缺油工况轴承碰摩试验,并进行振动全息测试分析,将所得声振信号本征模式函数时域特征和边界谱特征与转子径向位移及轴承座加速度信号对比分析,确定了碰摩部件;从而证明基于声振信号EMD分解的碰摩故障诊断方法的有效性。     

蓝宝石主动型氢原子频标

研制了采用蓝宝石加载微波腔的蓝宝石主动型氢原子频标,腔体外径18 cm,高度20 cm,重量约2.5 kg。由于微波腔体积的减小,整钟体积较传统大氢钟明显减小。经中国计量科学研究院测试,该蓝宝石主动型氢原子频标的技术指标为3.0×10-13@1 s、3.8×10-15@1 d,是目前国内体积最小的高指标、高可靠主动型氢原子频标,可在实验室、车载等环境下使用。     

周期性管结构信道的声传输方法分析

摘 要：构建了钻柱内一维低频纵波传输的有限差分模型,时域和频域仿真分析了换能器位置和载波信号对周期性管结构信道内声传输信号的影响规律,设计了时延脉冲OOK信号调制方法。采用窄脉冲调制信号激励方式,沿管轴方向对有限长模拟钻柱施加纵向激励,进行了测试信号的声传输实验。结果表明,在1W激振功率、77bit/s传输速率和长6.44m模拟钻柱信道的传输条件下,该方法可实现实验室内测试信号的低频声波传输与信号检测,为井下参数的钻柱声遥测系统设计提供理论与试验基础。     

应用随机最优控制理论设计桅杆抗风TMD

桅杆结构风振控制是一个被工程界普遍关心的问题。本文提出采用最小误差激励计算桅杆抗风TMD的设计思想。通过实例分析，对两种分析方案进行比较，证实采用这种基于随机最优控制理论的分析方法，使桅杆结构抗风性能获得理想最优控制的效果。     

基于里德堡原子的微波相移测量

基于里德堡原子的微波量子精密测量技术由于其高灵敏度、高分辨、宽带宽且可直接溯源至基本物理常数等优势，已在微波量子计量、通信、成像等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。通过提出一种基于里德堡原子的微波相移测量方法，利用热里德堡原子光谱实现对本振(LO)微波场与待测(SIG)微波场的外差探测，得到了相移与待测微波场相移相同的中频(IF)探测信号；然后利用锁相放大算法对探测信号进行处理，得到探测信号相对同频参考信号的相位差；最后，利用位移台在待测微波信号中引入相移，比较位移前后的相位差测量结果，实现了6.92 GHz微波信号相移的测量。对相移测量结果进行线性拟合，得到该频率的微波传播常数，与理论计算结果的相对误差约为0.2%,验证了这种全光学微波相移测量方法的可行性，并为微波量子精密测量技术在通信雷达等领域的应用奠定了基础。     

多载波输入时星间微波光子链路性能分析

针对卫星通信中射频载波信号光学传输问题,建立了星间微波光子链路,利用两个并联双电极马赫-曾德尔电光调制器,以光载波抑制调制方式实现了星间微波信号的光域传输和下变频。利用贝赛尔函数展开推导了多载波输入情况下接收信号任意谐波和交调分量表达式,得到了输出信号噪声失真比与输入载波数关系,利用曲面投影法求得了不同载波数时电光调制器最佳调制系数,分析了载波数对最佳调制系数、光发射功率和最优信号噪声失真比的影响。结果表明,射频本振调制器的最佳调制系数在载波数变化时可以保持不变,射频信号调制器的最佳调制系数和最优信号噪声失真比随载波数增大而减小,光发射功率随载波数增大而增大。     

A cryogenic open-cavity sapphire reference oscillator with low spurious mode density

In this paper, we describe the implementation of a microwave cryogenic sapphire oscillator (CSO) at the Laboratoire de Physique et Métrologie des Oscillateurs. In our realization we solved the problem of the spurious modes by operating the sapphire resonator in an open cavity. The CSO compared to a hydrogen maser demonstrates a frequency stability better than 3 x 10(-14) at short term. Its long-term frequency instability of the order of 3 x 10(-12)/day is limited by a random walk process. A first attempt to use this reference oscillator to characterize other signal sources is presented.     

Measurement of the Effect of Thermal Noise on the Amplitude of Oscillation of a Maser Oscillator

Experimental verification of the effect of thermal noise on the oscillation amplitude of a maser is described. Two different masers are considered, the H maser with an homogeneous atomic line and the Rb maser with an inhomogeneous line. The effect is characterized by the spectral density of the relative amplitude fluctuations and this parameter is measured with a conventional superheterodyne AM receiver for various maser saturation factors. Experimental results show good agreement with theoretical predicted values. At high saturation factors, a peak appears with a maximum at a frequency close to the Rabi frequency. Observed values at high Fourier frequencies allow a measurement of the atomic power by the knowledge of the absolute temperature of the cavity and the prediction of the oscillator short-term frequency stability. Furthermore, the effect on amplitude and on frequency noise of an external feedback loop used to increase the cavity quality factor is discussed.     

An Electronic System for the Tuning of Masers

The automatic tuning of frequency standards gives a method of removing drifts due to cavity pulling. The paper describes an apparatus designed primarily for tuning the hydrogen maser. The apparatus can also be used for tuning other masers such as the rubidium maser. The system incorporates several of the best features of similar devices previously described in the literature. It includes a digital averager which makes possible the use of a reference oscillator less stable than the maser to be tuned. It includes also a digital integrator, solving the usual problem of offsets in standard integrators. Frequency corrections are made either proportionally or by unit steps through a varactor coupled to the maser cavity. The electronics are made almost entirely with TTL digital integrated circuits (type 7400) for low cost, reliability, and availability. Results on the tuning of rubidium and hydrogen masers are given.     

Experimental Study of the Frequency Stability of a Maser Oscillator Operated with an External Feedback Loop

In this paper, we report the results of an experimental study of the short-and mid-term frequency stability for both a hydrogen maser and a rubidium maser operated with an external feedback loop to modify the cavity quality factor. A revised version of the theoretical expression of the frequency stability for this type of maser is given and a numerical solution for various maser parameters is calculated. The predicted frequency stability exhibits an optimum when the cavity Q is varied. The experimental results presented in this study agree with this conclusion.     

Hydrogen maser as a quantum frequency standard

Conclusions The main factors limiting the frequency stability of a hydrogen maser over long periods are magnetic field drift, error in the compensation setting, and inconstancy in bulb temperature. Future researches will be directed to raising the long term stability with continuous operation. We have developed a hydrogen maser with automatic magnetic field stabilization, with an improved frequency modulator that introduces very little Q change, and with a thermostatic cavity. In six months of preliminary tests the systematic frequency drift has been zero from day to day within 10^–13. Atomic clocks of this type may be recommended as working time reference standards.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 11, pp. 29–32, November, 1972.     

锁相环路对氢原子钟性能影响的实验分析

实验以上海天文台SOHM-4型氢原子钟脉泽信号和新研制的模拟-数字混合型锁相环路为基础,主要分析锁相环路参数对氢原子钟输出信号的短期频率稳定度和单边带相位噪声的影响。针对氢脉泽信号高Q值的特殊性,通过理论分析和实验验证寻求与其相匹配的最佳环路参数。实验结果表明,锁相环路的参数设置直接影响到氢原子钟输出信号的性能;在脉泽信号不变的情况下,改进后的锁相环路和主电子学系统可使氢原子钟的频率稳定度提高至1.7×10^-13/1s, 3.3×10^-14/10s, 9.1×10^-15/100s, 2.9×10^-15/1 000s, 1.4×10^-15/10000s,即较之原有的技术指标,在各取样时间范围内,频率稳定度的测试结果均提高了半个量级。     

Hg+ trapped ion standard with the superconducting cavitymaser oscillator

The frequency stability of an atomic standard based on ¹⁹⁹ Hg⁺ ions confined in a hybrid RF/DC linear trap is described. The 40.5-GHz clock transition has been measured to be 17 mHz wide, representing a quality factor greater than 2×10¹². A 160-mHz line is used to steer the output of a 5-MHz crystal oscillator to obtain a stability of 2×10^-15 for 24000-s averaging times. In a separate measurement, a 37-mHz line is used to steer the output of the superconducting cavity maser oscillator to reach 1×10^-15 stability at 10000 s     

守时用小型氢原子钟的研制

本文报告了一种守时用小型氢原子钟的设计和研制。该钟应用了一个精密的电容式谐振腔，由于其体积很小，从而使钟的整体体积和重量较通常的氢钟大大减小。腔的Ｑ值采用正反馈获得增益，从而能维持氢脉泽振荡并改善信号的信噪比。由于采用了腔频自动调谐系统，钟的长期稳定度可与通常的氢钟相比。     

A microwave exciter for Cs frequency standards based on a sapphire-loaded cavity oscillator

A low noise and highly stable microwave exciter system has been built for Cs atomic frequency standards using a tunable sapphire-loaded cavity oscillator (SLCO), which works at room temperature. This paper discusses the successful implementation of a control system for locking the SLCO to a long-term reference signal and reports an upper limit of the achieved frequency tracking error 6×10^-15 at τ=1 s