抗菌肽抑菌活性测定方法的研究

探讨建立一种在抗茵肽分离、纯化过程中简单、快速、灵敏的检测抑菌活性的方法。以微量稀释法为基础,利用氯化三苯四氮唑的显色原理设计了简单的显色MIC方法,且用该方法与K—B以及常规微量稀释法做了3种标准菌株的对比。与K—B法及常规微量稀释法相比,TTC微量稀释法可以准确地判断细菌生长抑制终点,得到确切的结果。TTC微量稀释法反应灵敏．操作简便,尤其适合在分离、纯化过程中跟踪检测抗菌肽的活性。     

微量直接法检测鸭乙型肝炎病毒DNA多聚酶

鸭乙型肝炎病毒(DHBV)DNA多聚酶(DNAP)是研究DHBV感染规律和观察药效的敏感指标,但常规方法测定DNAP需用较多量血清并超速离心,不适用于大批标本的检测。本文参照Sprengel介绍的掺入液条件,用微量血清(70～100μl)直接检测鸭血清中的DHBV-DNAP,比常规超速离心法和DHBV-DNA斑点杂交法简便。同时,观察了膦羧基甲酸钠(PFNa_3)对DNAP的抑制作用,以探讨方法的特异性和可行性。     

微量板细胞病变法滴定水痘疫苗的研究

建立了用微量板细胞病变法滴定水痘疫苗的实验方法。将适宜稀释度的病毒与2BS细胞混种于96孔板培养,种毒后第7天观察孔内细胞病变情况,以karber法计算疫苗滴度,并与蚀斑法进行比较。实验表明,微量板细胞病变法滴定水痘疫苗,结果稳定性好,精密度高,较现行的蚀斑法操作简便、误差小,能够较好的反映出水痘的真实滴度,可作为一种较为简便的滴定水痘疫苗的方法。     

磁珠法在微量检材DNA提取中的应用

目的:研究磁珠法提取微量生物检材DNA物质的可行性。方法:对汗斑、微量唾液斑、指甲这3类微量生物检材采用磁珠法提取DNA,经过STR荧光复合扩增,ABI310测序仪检测,进行STR分型,以检测提取方法的灵敏度。结果:这3类微量生物检材获得了完整的STR分型。结论:磁珠法提取微量检材中DNA物质的效果较好。     

应用纳米磁性粒子大幅度提高精制效率超越纳米技术的界限

改良简便且精确地分离、精制、检测样品中微量的蛋白质和病毒等的方法的是生物领域里永恒的课题。     

基于ATP的微菌含量样品快速检测方法的研究

本实验分别采用ATP生物发光法和营养琼脂平板培养法对血透用水中微量细菌总数进行检测,针对ATP检测方法在微菌含量样品检测中的应用限制,设计并实现了新的集菌方式和进样方式。首先将被测样品中的微量细菌浓缩到集菌膜上,再原位使其充分裂解,然后取微量液体进行测试,这样解决了现有ATP生物发光监测仪微量进样测试要求的弊端。通过这种改进,成功实现了利用ATP发光法快速检测微量浓度菌液。利用该检测装置和测试方法,我们尝试了检测0-100CFU/mL的被测样品,并用平板培养法进行定标,实验结果表明:在2—100CFU/mL被测范围内,其线性度和灵敏度较好,相关系数达到0.99887。这就为微菌含量样品快检领域提供了新的可尝试的实验方法和机遇。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定大鼠组织中的微量硒

目的:建立微波消解石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定大鼠组织中的微量硒的检测方法.方法:采用微波消解法处理样品,用硝酸作为消解剂进行微波消解;采用氯化钯则作为基体改进剂来测定样品中的微量硒.结果:最佳灰化温度为900℃,原子化温度为2500℃;脑组织和肺组织的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.83％和3.05％,样品加标回收率为97％～105％.结论:该方法用于检测大鼠组织中的硒含量,操作简便、快速、准确度好、结果满意,能够适用于生物体内多种组织器官中硒含量的测定与分析.     

一种灵敏实用的DNase Ⅰ定量测活方法

DNase I的测活方法有紫外吸收法、同位素法和荧光法等.紫外吸收法简便,但灵敏度较低.同位素法灵敏度高,但实验条件要求高,且操作复杂.荧光法灵敏度较高,也简便,但影响因素较多.我们建立了一种以固定化DNA为底物的微量紫外吸收法,它较简便,灵敏度也较高.材料与方法材料:DNase I (Seravac Laboratories出     

应用微量免疫荧光法检测IgM抗体对乙脑病人早期诊断

本文报告了用免疫荧光技术检测乙脑病人血清中lgM抗体的方法,用乙脑病毒感染BHK21传代细胞固定后作为间接免疫荧光染色的抗原底物,对60例经常规血清学捡查确诊为乙脑病人的急性期血清进行了检测,其中57例为阳性。同时对26例非乙脑病人及32例健康人血清的检测皆未发现特异性lgM抗体。检测时采用微量法,特异性强,敏感性商,节省试剂,手续简便。     

利用改良CTAB法快速小量提取微胚乳玉米基因组DNA

为了能快速小量提取微胚乳玉米基因组DNA,以微胚乳玉米幼叶为试材,采用改良CTAB法和传统CTAB法提取微胚乳玉米基因组DNA,并对所提取的DNA通过紫外分光光度计、琼脂糖凝胶电泳和PCR扩增等方法进行检测。两种方法所得基因组DNA的OD260/OD280在1.8~1.9之间,电泳条带清晰,无蛋白质和RNA污染,DNA无明显降解,其浓度和纯度都适合基因工程实验操作的条件。改良CTAB法与传统CTAB法相比更简便快捷,可实现大批量的不同样本基因组DNA的同时提取,提供了一种简便、快捷、有效和实用的微量提取微胚乳玉米基因组DNA方法,可满足以PCR为基础的分子生物学研究。     

Morphology and microanalysis of teeth in scleroderma

The studies were carried out on teeth extracted for stomatological reasons in the persons with generalized scleroderma. The studies included: morphologic examination of the longitudinal and cross-ground sections in the light and scanning microscope, and microanalytic examination of the longitudinal halves of the teeth in the X-ray microprobe. In the course of scleroderma morphological changes of the mesenchymal origin occurred in the teeth hard tissues. The deviation in the calcium and phosphorus contents was relatively significant and an absence of magnesium in the dentine and distinct de?rease in the calcium-phosphorus ratio were observed.     

Interruption of breastfeeding by child death and pregnancy

This paper estimates the mean monthly losses and proportionate interruptions of breastfeeding intervals due to child death and pregnancy. The paper uses a microanalytic model with stochastic risks for the basic processes of human reproduction. The model results show that a high proportion of women, depending upon mortality level and length of breastfeeding, have their breastfeeding interrupted by either child death or pregnancy. The results of this work suggest the need for caution in interpreting observed durations of breastfeeding. Child death and pregnancy causes bias in the reported length of breastfeeding, and this bias needs to be taken into account in statistical analysis.     

The effect of primycin on the intracellular monovalent ion and water contents of rat hepatocytes as revealed by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis and interference microscopy

Using energy-dispersive X-ray microanalytic and interference microscopic techniques, the intracellular concentration of the monovalent ions (Na+, K+, Cl+) as well as the intracytoplasmic and intracellular water contents were studied in normal and adrenalectomized rat hepatocytes with and without primycin treatment. Although primycin influenced significantly only the intracellular potassium content of the adrenalectomized group, it exerted a marked influence on the intranuclear water content in both the normal and adrenalectomized rats. The intranuclear water content increased significantly in the primycin-treated animals. The conclusion is drawn that the increased level of hydration of the nuclear substances reflects a 'decondensation' of the chromatin which on the other hand, may represent the basis for the various effects of primycin on the induction of certain hepatic enzymes.     

Electron probe analysis, X-ray mapping, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy of calcium, magnesium, and monovalent ions in log-phase and in dividing Escherichia coli B cells.

The elemental composition of individual cells of rapidly frozen and cryosectioned Escherichia coli B was measured with electron optical microanalytic methods. The Ca content was high (26.2 mmol/kg) in a 10-nm-wide region of the cell envelope. Amounts of cytoplasmic Ca in actively dividing cells were significantly higher (32.6 mmol/kg [dry weight]) than in the log-phase (1.5 mmol/kg) cells. Cellular Mg was 205 mmol/kg (dry weight) and it was uniformly distributed throughout the cell. Cells washed in distilled water before freezing lost monovalent ions (Na, Cl, and K), but the membrane-bound Ca and cellular Mg were not reduced, indicating that cellular Mg and membrane Ca are more tightly bound.     

Origin,structure, composition and age-dependence of mineralized dense bodies (concretions) in the midgut epithelium of the adult housefly, Musca domestica

The epithelial cells of the midgut in 1–40 day old adult female houseflies were examined by electron microscopic, X-ray microanalytic and histochemical techniques in order to study the mode of genesis, chemical nature and age-associated distribution of dense bodies. Dense bodies contain high concentrations of phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine, calcium, iron and copper; they are therefore termed concretions. Concretionary material is initially deposited within Golgi vesicles, lamellar bodies and residual bodies. The average size of the concretion granules and the concentration of the sequestered material increases with age, while new concretions are continually formed throughout life. With advancing age, concretions accumulate in the epithelial cells and occupy a considerable proportion of the cytoplasm in old flies. It is postulated that the concretions sequester superfluous minerals and may play an important role in the excretory system of the adult housefly.     

Origins and development of peptide antibiotic research

That cationic proteins might be factors on the antimicrobial defenses of mammalian hosts and are apparently associated with the cytoplasmic granules of phagocytic leukocytes first became evident on the late nineteenth century. It remained, however, for development of sophisticated microanalytic techniques in microbiology, cell biology and protein biochemistry to place these hypotheses in the realm of established theory. This article is a brief summary of singificant steps in the development of this theory. It also attempts to outline the firmly established scope and significance of these developments both for the theory of immunity to infection in the different phyla and for the now global quest for new antibiotics.     

Interruption of breastfeeding by child death and pregnancy

Abstract

This paper estimates the mean monthly losses and proportionate interruptions of breastfeeding intervals due to child death and pregnancy. The paper uses a microanalytic model with stochastic risks for the basic processes of human reproduction. The model results show that a high proportion of women, depending upon mortality level and length of breastfeeding, have their breastfeeding interrupted by either child death or pregnancy. The results of this work suggest the need for caution in interpreting observed durations of breastfeeding. Child death and pregnancy causes bias in the reported length of breastfeeding, and this bias needs to be taken into account in statistical analysis.     

Ultrastructural investigations and EDX-analyses of Al-treated oat (Avena sativa) roots

Seedlings of Avena sativa were precultivated hydroponically at pH 4.1 and subsequently treated with solutions containing 0 or 400 µM Al. Electron microscopic and X-ray microanalytic (EDXA) investigations were carried out on root tips after 1 to 10 days of treatment. Root growth and mitotic activity decreased rapidly upon application of Al. The meristematic tissues of Al-treated roots showed enhanced vacuolation. The cells, however, remained intact after a longer period of Al-treatment and no alterations in ultrastructure (for example of the nucleus) were visible. The EDX analyses of bulk frozen hydrated tissues showed that Al was predominantly localised in the walls of the outermost cortex cells. One day after onset of Al-stress no intracellular Al was detectable. Even after 10 days with continuous Al-stress, only small amounts of the absorbed Al were localised within the cells. These results suggest that the plasma membrane is a very effective barrier for Al in oats. It is improbable that impairments of cytoplasmatic functions are primary effects of Al-intoxication.     

Rapid Uptake of Aluminum into Cells of Intact Soybean Root Tips (A Microanalytical Study Using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry)

A wide range of physiological disorders has been reported within the first few hours of exposing intact plant roots to moderate levels of Al3+. Past microanalytic studies, largely limited to electron probe x-ray microanalysis, have been unable to detect intracellular Al in this time frame. This has led to the suggestion that Al exerts its effect solely from extracellular or remote tissue sites. Here, freeze-dried cryosections (10 [mu]m thick) collected from the soybean (Glycine max) primary root tip (0.3-0.8 mm from the apex) were analyzed using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The high sensitivity of SIMS for Al permitted the first direct evidence of early entry of Al into root cells. Al was found in cells of the root tip after a 30-min exposure of intact roots to 38 [mu]M Al3+. The accumulation of Al was greatest in the first 30 [mu]m, i.e. two to three cell layers, but elevated Al levels extended at least 150 [mu]m inward from the root edge. Intracellular Al concentrations at the root periphery were estimated to be about 70 nmol g-1 fresh weight. After 18 h of exposure, Al was evident throughout the root cross-section, although the rate of accumulation had slowed considerably from that during the initial 30 min. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that early effects of Al toxicity at the root apex, such as those on cell division, cell extension, or nutrient transport, involve the direct intervention of Al on cell function.