测定钴的化学发光新体系的研究

本文介绍了酒石酸在碱性介质和某些金属离子存在时能与过氧化氢反应产生化学发光,对该化学发光体系的动力学曲线进行了计算机模拟;研究了化学发光反应的最佳条件,在选定的条件下测定痕量钴(Ⅱ),线性范围为3.5×10~(-9)～2.0×10~(-6)g/ml检测限低至0.04ppb,且除Fe(Ⅱ),Cr(Ⅲ),和Mn(Ⅱ)等外界离子的共存允许量小于10倍钴量外,其它所试阴阳离子的允许量均很大,Fe(Ⅱ),Cr(Ⅲ)和Mn(Ⅱ)可用柠檬酸掩蔽。用本法测定人体血清中的钴含量,结果令人满意。     

灵敏特效的测定钴的化学发光新体系

近年来化学发光分析法已经越来越引人注目,这是由于化学发光分析法具有设备简便、灵敏、快速、线性范围宽等优点。但选择性差是其主要缺点。因此寻找灵敏特效的化学发光新体系便成为目前化学发光领域中亟待开发的课题。常见的化学发光体系有鲁米诺,光泽精、洛粉碱、没食子酸、联苯三酚等。它们对于钴的检出限均低于1ng/ml。但选择性均不甚理想。苏木色精是一种天然有机产物,提取于洋苏木树的心材。我们研究发现苏木色精在碱性介质中为H_2O_2所氧化时有化学发光行为,且Co(Ⅱ)对该化学发光反应有强烈特效的催化作用,因此本文用自制的化学发光测试仪详细研究了Co(Ⅱ)催化化学发光反应的条件,在此基础上建立了测定钴的化学发光新方法。     

利用化学发光抑制效应测定痕量碘离子的新方法

碘离子对鲁米诺-H_2O_2-AuCl~(-4)体系的化学发光反应有强烈的抑制作用。本文利用这一原理,提出一种用化学发光测定痕量碘离子的新方法。文中对在碘离子存在下上述体系的化学发光行为和抑制机理进行了探讨,确定了最佳测定条件。该法灵敏度高,检出限达5×10~(-11)gⅠ-/ml,对于4×10~(-9)g/ml的碘离子的测定,相对标准偏差为2.1％。用于天然水中碘离子的测定,结果满意。     

吖啶红高灵敏催化荧光光度法测定痕量钴(Ⅱ)

在H2SO4介质中,KIO3可氧化吖啶红使之褪色并伴随着吖啶红荧光强度的减弱,但其反应速率较慢。当加入痕量钴(Ⅱ)时,氧化反应明显加快,体系荧光猝灭程度加强,钴(Ⅱ)对该氧化反应具有显著的催化作用。据此建立了一种灵敏度高、选择性好的测定痕量钴(Ⅱ)的催化荧光分析新方法,并研究了该方法的动力学条件。反应体系的激发波长和发射波长分别为530和550nm,催化体系可允许较大量的多种常见离子同时存在。测定钴(Ⅱ)的线性范围为0.3～4.8μg/L,检出限为2.5×10-11g/mL。方法可用于茶叶、人发和面粉等实际样品中痕量钴(Ⅱ)的测定。     

钙黄绿素-H2O2抑制化学发光法测定土壤中的Cd(Ⅱ)

在碱性条件下,根据Cd(Ⅱ)离子对H2O2-钙黄绿素化学发光体系有较强的抑制作用的现象,结合流动注射分析技术,建立了一种化学发光定量测定Cd(Ⅱ)的新方法.实验结果表明,该方法对Cd(Ⅱ)的检出限为5.7×10-5 g/L,工作曲线线性范围为1.0×10-4～5.0×10-3 g/L,测定浓度为5.0×10-4 g/LCd(Ⅱ)的相对标准偏差为2.1%(m=11),该法应用于两种土壤样品的测定,加标回收率分别为97.2%、101.8%.     

铜-有机配位体不饱和配合物的催化化学发光活性及其分析应用

铜(Ⅱ)离子与许多有机配位体组成饱和配合物后, 均导致铜(Ⅱ)在Luminol-H2O2和o-Phen-H2O2体系中催化化学发光活性的消失。本文首次发现, 当铜(Ⅱ)离子与某些有机配位体组成1:1不饱和配位化合物时, 它们非但不抑制化学发光,而且比铜(Ⅱ)离子具有更高的催化化学发光活性, 据此, 本文建立了用配合溶解Cu(OH)2, 流动注射化学发光技术测定氨基酸的新方法, 检测限均可达pmol级,比文献普遍使用的抑制化学发光法灵敏度高10~150倍, 线性范围达三个数量级,相对偏差在5.4%以下。     

化学发光催化显色法测定痕量钴的研究

实验发现碱性介质中的对氨基苯磺酸与过氧化氢作用经钴(Ⅱ)离子催化可产生化学发光和颜色,其最大吸收的波长为425nm,吸光度与一定浓度范围内的钴量有良好的线性关系,在优选的催化显色条件下测定痕量钴,线性范围为0～0.71μg/25ml,检出限为0.4ng/ml。且方法具有较高的选择性。还对化学发光催化显色的机理进行了初步讨论。     

双波长分光光度法测定钴和镍

双波长分光光度法应用于性质相近离子的同时测定,要求在吸收光谱曲线上有良好的同吸收点。(4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚(PAR)与钴(Ⅱ)镍(Ⅱ)离子所形成络合物的稳定吸收光谱曲线,为应用双波长分光光度法的测定,提供了有利的条件。我们以PAR为显色剂,在柠檬酸盐介质中,用751型分光光度计,顺利地实现了钴和镍共存时双波长分光光度法的测定。方法简便,为湿法冶金及钴和镍共存体系中钴,镍的分别测定提供了良好的方法。     

没食子蓝-H_2O_2-OH-测定 Co(Ⅱ)的化学发光新体系

本文报道了一个化学发光测定痕量CO(Ⅱ)的新体系。该体系是基于Co(Ⅱ)催化没食子蓝-H_2O_2-OH-反应产生发光。选择了最佳条件。该法对Co(Ⅱ)检测限为O.01μg/L,工作曲线线性区间超过了3个数量级。在四十余种离子中,Fe(Ⅲ)会产生干扰。采用钛铁试剂作掩蔽剂,可允许100倍Fe(Ⅲ)存在。该方法用于测定三氧化钼中的痕量Co(Ⅱ),结果令人满意。     

反相流动注射化学发光分析——QCT-H_2O_2-Co(Ⅱ)体系测定痕量钴

采用反相流动注射分析方法研究了QCT-H_2O_2-Co(Ⅱ)化学发光体系,并用于天然水中微量钴的测定,方法的线性范围为0.2～70ng·ml~(-1),检出限为0.1ng·ml~(-1),九次连续测定的标准偏差为1.6％。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.