冷原子吸收光谱法测定儿童首饰中可溶性镉

研究了儿童首饰中可溶性镉的冷原子化反应体系.在酸性介质中,用硼氢化钠将镉离子还原为镉原子,用载气将镉蒸气导入石英管,原子吸收光谱仪在波长228.8 nm处进行测定.对载气流速、NaBH4浓度、增敏剂加入量和介质酸度的影响,以及共存离子的干扰进行了研究.方法简便快速,在优化的实验条件下,方法的检出限为0.05 mg/kg...     

冷原子吸收光谱法测定儿童首饰中可溶性镉

研究了儿童首饰中可溶性镉的冷原子化反应体系。在酸性介质中,用硼氢化钠将镉离子还原为镉原子,用载气将镉蒸气导入石英管,原子吸收分光光度计在波长228.8 nm处进行测定。对载气流速、NaBH4浓度、增敏剂加入量和介质酸度的影响，以及共存离子的干扰进行了研究。方法简便快速，在优化的实验条件下，方法的检出限为0.05 mg/kg。加标回收率为98.3％～103.1％，相对标准偏差小于2.2%。该方法具有快速、准确、灵敏度高、经济实用等优点，用于儿童首饰中痕量镉的测定，结果令人满意。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜原矿尾矿中的镉

采用盐酸、氢氟酸、硝酸、高氯酸分步溶解的方式对具有硅、铁含量高等特性的铜原矿尾矿样品进行溶解。在体积分数为5%的盐酸介质中,利用原子吸收光谱法,采用扣除背景方式对样品溶液进行测定。样品溶解较完全,共存元素对镉的测定基本无干扰。方法重现性较好,准确度较高。相对标准偏差在2.3%~8.3%,加标回收率在96.7%~105%,标准样品分析结果与标准值基本一致。能满足日常分析检测的需要。     

预富集-冷蒸气原子吸收光谱法测定饮料中的痕量汞

使用吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDC)作配位剂,在pH 6.0的条件下,用固体硅胶捕集、膜滤纸抽滤分离Hg-APDC配合物,然后用0.1 mol/L盐酸从膜滤纸上洗下硅胶,得到能够直接用冷蒸气原子吸收光谱法(CV-AAS)测定汞的悬浊液。在150 mL样品溶液中,特征质量为0.01 ng/1%。用本法测定了饮料中的痕量汞,标准偏差为4%~8%,回收率为95.0%~100.0%。     

ABS工程塑料中铅、铬(Ⅵ)、镉及汞含量测定

用浓硫酸与浓硝酸(1 5)的混合酸消解ABS工程塑料试样,消解过程中铅(Ⅱ)以PbSO4形式沉淀,用乙酸铵溶解PbSO4沉淀后在乙酸盐缓冲溶液中用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定铅,检出限为0.088 mg·L-1.溶液中镉(Ⅱ)也用FAAS法测定,其检出限为0.074 mg·L-1,溶液中汞采用氢化物发生,冷原子蒸气-原子吸收光谱法测定,其检出限为0.64 μg·L-1.六价铬采用二苯基羰酰二肼光度法测定,检出限为0.039 mg·L-1.对方法的精密度及回收率作了试验,测得相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于3.5%,回收率在91.8%～106.0%之间.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定粗锌中的镉

建立了测定粗锌中镉的火焰原子吸收光谱法。粗锌样品经硝酸溶液(1+1)溶解,以体积分数约为5%的硝酸溶液为测定介质,使用空气–乙炔火焰,以水调零,选定228.8 nm为测定波长。干扰试验表明,锌的基体和其它杂质元素均不干扰镉的测定。在选定的仪器条件下,镉在0.20~3.00μg/mL范围内与其对应的吸光度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 6,方法检出限为0.02μg/mL。镉的加标回收率为98%~101%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.70%~2.70%(n=7)。该法准确可靠,灵敏度高,干扰少,重现性好,适用于镉含量在0.001 0%~2.00%之间的粗锌中镉的测定。     

DDTC—Cd萃取分离火焰原子吸收光谱法测定电镉中微量铅

微量铅在电镉中是必须测定的有害杂质。早期电镉中微量铅的测定常采用 Pb SO4 和 Cs O4 共沉淀与基体镉分离 ,然后将沉淀转化为碳酸铅沉淀或用Fe(OH) 3作载体在氨性溶液中富集铅与基体镉分离后 ,沉淀用盐酸溶解 ,双硫腙比色法或火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铅[1] 。此方法手续繁锁 ,流程长、精确度差 ,且使用巨毒试剂氰化钾 ,给分析者带来不便。本文在文献 [2 ,3]基础上 ,在 p H9～ 1 1的氨性溶液中 ,用二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸镉 (DDTC- Cd)萃取铅与基体镉分离。稀盐酸反萃铅至水相 ,再用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定。试验表明 ,该方法简便快速准…     

冷蒸气发生-原子吸收光谱法测定大米中痕量镉

采用冷蒸气发生-原子吸收光谱法测定大米中痕量镉。大米样品经硝酸-高氯酸(5+1)混合酸消解后,在盐酸(5+95)溶液中加入溶于8 g·L-1氢氧化钠的25 g·L-1硼氢化钠溶液使与溶液中镉离子反应生成镉气态原子。分析中采用载气流量为0.8 L·min-1。试样溶液中加入硝酸镍和硫脲混合溶液作为增敏剂。于仪器中引入试样溶液,按选定的工作条件进行测定。镉的质量浓度在0.02~20.0μg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3σ)为0.005μg·L-1。应用此法对大米样品进行分析,测得镉的回收率在96.7%~103.7%之间。     

硫脲络合-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定古炉渣中的银、镉、钴、镍

建立硫脲络合–火焰原子吸收光谱法测定古炉渣中的银、镉、钴、镍。样品采用盐酸–硝酸–氢氟酸–高氯酸四酸体系溶解并蒸发至白烟冒尽,用体积分数10%的盐酸溶液溶解残渣至溶液清亮,加入10 mL 50 g/L硫脲溶液进行络合,定容于100 mL容量瓶中,混匀澄清后直接测定溶液中的银、镉、钴、镍。试验优化了灯电流、狭缝、乙炔流量和燃烧器高度等仪器工作条件,探讨了试样溶液的酸度、络合剂硫脲的浓度、共存元素对测定结果的影响。各元素校准曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.999 0,检出限为0.018～0.031μg/mL,加标回收率为97%～103%,样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.7%～1.8%(n=9)。该方法简便快捷,易于掌握,适合古炉渣样品的快速测定。     

氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定食品中铅、镉、汞

提出了一种顺序流动注射-氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱分析方法。食品样品经硝酸-高氯酸（4＋1）混合酸消化,以硼氢化钾为还原剂,盐酸溶液为载流,用氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定食品中铅、镉和汞含量的方法。在优化的试验条件下,铅、镉和汞的质量浓度分别在一定的范围内与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限（3s/k）分别为0.20,0.04...     

二乙胺荒酸钠–四氯化碳萃取连续光源原子吸收法测定磷酸一二钙中的痕量铅、镉

建立连续光源原子吸收分光光度法同时测定磷酸一二钙(MDCP)中铅、镉的方法。MDCP经盐酸消解后,以氢氧化钠溶液调节p H为11,加入KCN作为掩蔽剂,用二乙氨荒酸钠–四氯化碳络合铅、镉离子,再经CCl_4进一步萃取浓缩,采用连续光源原子吸收分光光度法测定铅、镉的含量。该方法铅、镉的检出限为1,0.5 mg/kg;用于不同批次MDCP产品测定,铅、镉测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为3.58%,6.91%(n=11);铅、镉的加标回收率分别为88.9%~104.7%,91.0%~106.4%。该法可用于MDCP中痕量铅、镉的同时测定。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定高锑烟尘中的银、铅、镉

建立了火焰原子吸收光谱法测定高锑烟尘中的银、铅、镉的分析方法。试样经王水、高氯酸溶解后,利用四价锑的溴化物沸点较低的性质,将锑挥发除去,以消除基体锑对测定的干扰,在盐酸-高氯酸-硫脲介质中实现了银、铅、镉的连续测定。方法检出限:Ag为0.003 7μg/mL,Pb为0.019 8μg/mL,Cd为0.001 6μg/mL。相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11):Ag为0.92%~1.04%,Pb为1.29%~2.21%,Cd为1.99%~2.22%。加标回收率:Ag为99.30%~101.8%,Pb为98.60%~102.5%,Cd为98.40%~104.0%。方法准确、可靠、简便、快速,完全适用于高锑烟尘中银、铅、镉的测定。     

二苯硫脲-醋酸丁酯萃取-石墨炉原子吸收法测定地球化学样品中痕量银

对石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地球化学样品中痕量银进行了研究。样品经盐酸、硝酸、硫酸、高氯酸溶解,在盐酸(1.2mol/L)介质中用醋酸丁酯萃取银与二苯硫脲螯合物,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地球化学样品中痕量银,方法检出限为0.011ng/mL,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为6.0%~12.2%,加标回收率为96.00%~105.00%。能满足地球化学样品中银含量为0.02~5μg/g范围内银测定的准确度和精密度的要求。     

离子交换分离石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定高纯铟中痕量铜

高纯铟样品经盐酸溶解、以阳离子交换树脂分离出痕量铜后,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定铜。研究了溶样方法、离子交换分离和测定铜的条件:用8mL浓盐酸将1g样品溶解;以0.6mol/L盐酸作为淋洗液进行离子交换,可把绝大部分铟基体及样品中痕量的银、砷、镉、硅分离除去,随后用2.0mol/L盐酸把铜洗出并收集之。铝、铁、镁、镍、铅、锡、铊、锌与小于10μg的铟不能与铜分离,但对测定无影响。当称样量为1g,进样量为50μL时,方法线性范围为1~4ng/mL,检出限为0.1ng/mL,测定下限为0.001μg/g,比行业标准方法 YS/T 230.1—2011的0.1μg/g低两个数量级。方法用于实际样品分析,结果与电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)相符,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=8)为1.7%~18.5%,加标回收率为94.8%~115.0%。     

Reduction des interferences sur la determination des metaux lourds dans les sediments de cours d'eau et les boues de stations d'epuration par spectrometrie d'absorption atomique en four graphite

(Reduction of interferences in the determination of trace heavy metals in river sediments and sewage sludges by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.)The interferences of synthetic matrices of river sediments and sewage sludges in the determination of lead, copper, cadmium, chromium and nickel by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry were studied; Pb, Cd and Ni were the most sensitive to interferences. The effects of hydrochloric, nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acids were tested; perchloric acid was found to interfere most during the determinations. Hydrofluoric acid must be eliminated by evaporation. Techniques for reducing chemical interferences were evaluated. The best method was found to be matrix modification with ammonium dihydrogenphosphate and ascorbic acid for the determination of lead and nickel, and rapid heating (Max Power) for the determination of cadmium. Determinants of copper and chromium were less prone to interference.     

Ultratrace determination of cadmium by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration with a simplified cloud point extraction methodology

A simplified micelle-mediated extraction methodology for the preconcentration of ultratrace levels of cadmium as a prior step to its determination by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS) has been developed. The methodology is based on the cloud point extraction (CPE) of cadmium at pH 8 by using the non-ionic surfactant polyethyleneglycolmono-p-nonylphenylether (PONPE 7.5) without adding any chelating agent. Cadmium cold vapor was generated from 2 ml of the extracted surfactant-rich phase by means of sodium tetrahydroborate (3%, w/v) as a reducing agent and hydrochloric acid (0.2 mol l⁻¹) as a carrier solution. Several important variables that affect the cloud point extraction and cold vapor cadmium generation efficiency were investigated and optimized. The preconcentration of only 50 ml of solution in the presence of 0.06% (v/v) PONPE 7.5 gives an enhancement factor of 62. The calibration graph using the preconcentration system was linear in the range of 4-100 ng l⁻¹ with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992. Detection limit (3 s) obtained in the optimal conditions was 0.56 ng l⁻¹. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) for six replicate determinations at 20 ng l⁻¹ Cd level was 3.2%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the ultratrace determination of cadmium in water samples.     

HG-AAS法测定不锈钢食具浸泡液中的砷

研究了利用氢化物发生原子吸收法测定不锈钢食具浸泡液中痕量砷的反应体系.对载气流速、硼氢化钠溶液的浓度、5％抗坏血酸-5％硫脲溶液添加量和介质酸度的影响,以及基体和共存离子的干扰等条件进行了研究.样品加标回收率为95.8％～106.2％,测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于2.8％,方法检出限为0.12 μg/L.该方法适用于不...     

Simultaneous determination of trace cadmium and mercury in Chinese herbal medicine by non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry using intermittent flow vapor generator.

A method was proposed for the simultaneous determination of trace cadmium and mercury by vapor generation non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry using an intermittent flow system. The effects of the parameters on the performance were studied systematically. The parameters such as acid concentration of the reaction medium, flow rate of the carrier gas and shield gas, the observation height and the atomizer temperature, etc. which affected the sensitivity, were optimized. Ascorbic acid, cobalt ion and thiourea were used as enhancement reagents or masking agents to enhance the generation efficiency of the volatile species of Cd and Hg. The mechanisms of their effects on vapor generation were investigated. In the presence of thiourea and ascorbic acid, the influences of some coexisting elements on the determination of cadmium and mercury were investigated. The detection limits (3sigma) were 0.010 microg l(-1) for Cd and 0.019 microg l(-1) for Hg, respectively. The relative standard deviations for Cd and Hg at 1.00 microg l(-1) were 2.6% and 0.97% (n = 11), respectively. The proposed method has been satisfactorily applied to the determination of trace cadmium and mercury in Chinese herbal medicine.     

Flow-injection flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace amounts of cadmium in solid and semisolid milk products coupling a continuous ultrasound-assisted extraction system with the online preconcentration on a chelating aminomethylphosphoric acid resin

A new sensitive and low-cost method that combines continuous acid extraction, online preconcentration, and flame atomic absorption spectrometry for cadmium determination at microg levels in solid and semisolid milk products is described. A continuous ultrasound-assisted extraction system is used to carry out the dynamic acid extraction step. The acid extract is preconcentrated online on a minicolumn packed with a chelating resin (Chelite P, with aminomethylphosphoric acid groups), and the retained cadmium is eluted with hydrochloric acid and continuously monitored by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. An experimental design (Plackett-Burman 2-6*3/16) is used to optimize the continuous extraction and the preconcentration step. The method allowed a total sampling frequency of 28 samples/h. A good precision of the whole procedure (3.0% relative standard deviation) for a cheese sample containing 0.103 +/- 0.004 microg/g Cd (dry mass), a high enrichment factor (20.5), and detection and quantification limits of 0.014 and 0.067 microg/g, respectively, for a 60 mg of sample were obtained with this methodology. The method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amounts of cadmium in solid and semisolid milk products, such as cheese and yogurt samples.