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《化学推进剂与高分子材料》2021,19(3):37-41
介绍了沙漠化防治的方法和手段,其中化学固沙材料能使流沙表面固化形成固沙层,受到广泛关注。指出无机类化学固沙材料与有机类化学固沙材料各有优点与不足,机械固沙、植物固沙和化学固沙等单一的固沙技术方法都有其局限性,因此研究和开发有机–无机复合固沙材料和亲水性聚氨酯固沙材料与综合生态治理方案是今后治沙的发展方向。 相似文献
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土地荒漠化是当今世界最严重的生态环境问题之一.采用石膏为主凝固材料,通过合理添加辅助材料,研究各辅助材料对固沙材料保水性能的影响.试验表明:保水剂、木屑、SDS均有利于提高材料保水性能,沙粒掺量为30%时材料保水性能最好.以固沙材料保水率为主要评价指标,当沙粒掺量为30%、保水剂掺量为4%、木屑掺量为8%、SDS掺量为0.3%时,固沙材料保水性能最好,此条件下保水率为79.24%.该固沙材料对环境无污染,保水性好,适合植物生长,在沙漠治理方面具有广泛应用前景. 相似文献
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以酸化凹凸棒石和丙烯酰胺为原料,N-N亚甲基丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法合成了凹凸棒石基高分子固沙材料.通过研究不同浓度硫酸活化的凹凸棒石基高分子固沙材料的吸水性能、保水性能、pH值以及X衍射以及扫描电镜,结果表明4 mol/L硫酸改性的凹凸棒石基高分子固沙材料具有更好的吸水性能和保水性能;pH值的变化对4 mol/L硫酸改性的凹凸棒石基高分子固沙材料具有较大的影响;X衍射以及扫描电镜表明3 mol/L和4 mol/L硫酸改性的凹凸棒石基高分子固沙材料具有更好的吸附性能.研究结果对于加强深入硫酸改性的凹凸棒石基高分子固沙材料的研究重具有要意义,以期制备出一种新型环保型复合高吸水性凹凸棒石基高分子固沙材料. 相似文献
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郭智臣 《化学推进剂与高分子材料》2005,3(3):45
中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所专家研发的一种荒漠化植被恢复多功能复合材料——生态恢复剂日前通过了专家鉴定。该项目采用保水剂、土壤改良剂、有机生物活性材料、植物营养缓释材料、植物生长所必需的常微量营养元素等,包括甘肃储最丰富的无机矿产材料“凹凸棒”和工业上易得的有机高分子材料为原料,成功研制了新型的荒漠化植被恢复多功能复合材料, 相似文献
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《塑料》2018,(6)
结合化学固沙与生物固沙,将2种不同结构的聚醋酸乙烯酯类共聚乳液用于高盐沙地固沙,系统研究了生态固沙的综合效果。研究结果表明,2种乳液用于高盐沙地生态固沙,当使用浓度为3.0%时,固沙强度均大于0.45MPa,满足高盐沙地的固沙要求,并具有良好的抗热老化及抗冻融稳定性,而且,2种固沙乳液都能有效提高沙土的保水性能,促进沙土植物与微生物的生长。但与P(VAc-DBM-AA-AMPS)乳液相比,当使用浓度为3.0%时,P(VAc-DBM-AA-SSS)乳液的固沙强度可达到0.88 MPa,具有更好的固沙效果,适用于风蚀量较大的高盐沙地的固沙;另外,不同分子结构的乳液对沙土微生物的生长也有不同的影响,这些性能的差异都是由材料结构的不同导致的。 相似文献
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针对内蒙古锡盟地区粉煤灰堆存量大、利用率低以及当地土壤荒漠化严重等系列问题,本工作提出利用粉煤灰改良荒漠土壤的新思路。首先用硫酸对惰性的粉煤灰进行表面活化改性,采用SEM和XRD等分析测试手段研究粉煤灰结构变化,采用XPS和TG分析方法分别对粉煤灰表面羟基定性分析和定量计算,以期明晰粉煤灰表面羟基化效果;其次,使用改性前后粉煤灰分别作为土壤加固剂,以现场采集沙土为加固对象,研究改性粉煤灰对砂土稳定性的影响。结果表明,使用1.5 mol/L的硫酸溶液预改性后,颗粒表面羟基数量较原始粉煤灰增大4倍。按质量比1:9将酸改性前后的粉煤灰分别与沙土复配并静置15天后对复配土的力学强度进行测定,结果显示原始沙土间的黏聚力为0.29 kPa,改性前粉煤灰-沙土复配土的黏聚力为0.88 kPa,而改性后粉煤灰-沙土复配土的黏聚力提高到3.51 kPa。 相似文献
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复合防砂技术是在树脂固砂的基础上进行了配方的完善和工艺的改进,由单一防砂变为复合防砂。在固砂剂树脂中加入缓速低度交联的固化剂并以单液法的形式注入,提高了药剂的利用率。采用水溶性阳离子有机聚合物作为抑砂剂预处理地层,稳定远井地带的"流砂"。固化增强剂加快地层中固砂剂的固化,疏通孔隙,并具有解堵作用,解决了过去防砂有效期短,效果差的问题,该工艺施工简单、防砂后井内无遗物、后期处理方便,较好地解决了细粉砂、老井含水高、地层亏空较大井的防砂问题,是文明寨油田目前地层防砂的首选方法。 相似文献
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The investigation of a new moderate water shutoff agent: Cationic polymer and anionic polymer 下载免费PDF全文
Cationic polymers and anionic polymers were selected as a moderate water shutoff agent for water production control. Due to the adsorption of polymers on the sand surface, the adsorption capacity under static condition, in porous media, and adsorption morphology on mica were investigated through starch–cadmium iodide method, core flow test, and atomic force microscopy measurement. The adsorption quantity on the sand surface increased with the high polymer concentrations and long adsorption time. With the increase of temperature and shearing time, the adsorption capacity slightly decreased. In addition, the adsorption capacity under water wettability condition was significantly larger than that under oil wettability condition. Alternate injection of cationic polymer and anionic polymer caused larger adsorption capacity in the core test. An adsorption multilayer was formed through alternate adsorption of cationic polymer and anionic polymer confirmed by atomic force microscopy. The visual simulation experiment was also conducted to illustrate adsorption and enhanced oil recovery mechanism. The polymers preferentially entered the high permeability zone and adsorbed on the sand surface, thus enhanced oil recovery. Furthermore, alternate injection of cationic and anionic polymers as a moderate water shutoff agent was successfully applied for water production control in oilfield test. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39462. 相似文献
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含沙高浊水最佳絮凝条件的确定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在含沙量为85kg/m^2的悬浊液中投加阳离子高分子聚合物,研究不同絮凝条件下絮体的自由沉速、结构密实程度、浑液面沉速与上清液余浊等的变化规律。利用“分维”作为定量控制参数研究含沙高浊水絮凝效果迭最佳时的絮凝条件(如搅拌速率、搅拌时间、高分子浓度等),探讨了最佳絮凝条件下不同原始泥沙浓度对絮体分形结构的影响规律。实验得出85kg/m^2泥沙絮体结构密实性达最佳时的水力剪切强度Ct值存在两个临界值:快速絮凝阶段C1t1=2350,慢速絮凝阶段G2t2=12420。 相似文献
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在油气田开发的时候,油井出砂具有非常大的危害性,从轻的说可以影响油井的生产,重者使油井停产.因此,在生产过程中采用有效的防砂措施.目前对生产井常用防砂方法主要是化学固砂和管内井下砾石填充两种方法,虽然有不错的防砂效果,但都产能比较低,严重制约了油井的正常开采,不能从根部解决油井出砂难题.为此,有必要找到防砂效果好,效果持久,还不制约油井产量的防砂法,压裂和防砂相结合的复合技术,被称为压裂防砂. 相似文献
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采用微孔滤膜过滤实验及长填充砂管封堵实验,研究了新型柔性树脂体系的封堵特性及其影响因素。结果表明,单纯的柔性树脂调驱剂可以对0.45μm及0.8μm的微孔滤膜形成有效封堵,而且随调驱剂浓度增加,其通过微孔滤膜的过滤时间增加,封堵性能增强。柔性树脂-聚合物复合调驱体系对微孔滤膜的封堵性能随聚合物浓度及复合调驱剂浓度增加而增强,但表面活性剂石油磺酸盐的存在会使复合调驱体系的封堵性能降低;复合调驱体系在高温下长期放置后,其封堵性能明显变差。柔性树脂-聚合物复合调驱体系在长填充砂管中的封堵及深入性能与柔性树脂和聚合物浓度比有关。柔性树脂及复合调驱体系所具有的封堵特性主要与其在溶液中所形成的分子聚集体有关。 相似文献
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The diffusion of water into epoxide composites containing sand or glass beads has been studied as a function of temperature, type of filler and its surface treatment. This investigation falls within a broader context whose aim is to assess the possibility of embedding nuclear wastes into polymer matrices. The quality of polymer-filler adhesion was checked by scanning electron microscopy. The best filler was found to be siliceous sand in particles of about 30 μm diameter, which could be added to epoxide networks in large proportions and provide a better material than the polymer alone. 相似文献
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If a low weight percentage of crude fine fillers can improve properties of polymer materials directly without complicated chemical treatment process involved, it will be significant for many industrial applications. Our previous study indicated that a kind of Cancun natural sand could be an effective filler material for polymer composites. In this current work, the epoxy composites reinforced by this kind of natural sand particles were prepared and thermal and mechanical properties of the composites containing up to 5 wt % of the sand particles were characterized. Results showed that the highest flexural strength appears in the epoxy composite containing 1 wt % sand particles. A damage model was used to interpret the flexural properties, which showed an acceptable agreement with the experimental results. The glass transition temperature, high temperature storage modulus, and dimensional stability of the sand/epoxy composites monotonically increased with the addition of the sand particles. The sand particle/epoxy composites also displayed a noticeable enhancement in thermal conductivity. Theoretical analysis showed that in addition to conduction, other heat transport mechanisms played roles in the improved heat transmission through the composites. As a natural porous micron-scale material, Cancun sand has the potential for applications in cost-effective composites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献