能产生植物抗诱导蛋白harpin的自生固氮工程菌的构建

通过三亲交配的方法,把带有梨火疫欧文氏杆菌ｈｒｐ基因族的重组粘粒ｐＣＰＰ４３０接合转移进入固氮菌催娩克氏菌Ｘ２Ｒ中。经质粒提取检测、ＰＣＲ专一扩增、Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ分析和生物测定结果表明,工程菌Ｘ２Ｒ构建成功。该菌诱发过敏反应的能力是大肠杆菌ＤＨ５的１０倍以上,在温室小区用Ｘ２Ｒ（ｐＣＰＰ４３０）菌液处理番茄番茄早疫病的感染指数比出发菌降低１３．０９％,果实数量和单果重分别比对照     

水稻白叶枯病菌受寄主诱导基因的鉴定

用一个具链霉素（Ｓｍ）抗性并含无启动子ＣＡＴ基因的广宿主启动子探针质粒ＰＩＪ３１００，用鸟枪法在ＣＡＴ基因上游的ＢａｍＨ１克隆位，或插入水稻白叶枯病菌（Ｘａｎｔｈｏｍｏｎａｓｏｒｙｚａｅｐｖ．ｏｒｙｚａｅ），用ＢａｍＨ１完全酶切的染色体ＤＮＡ片段，将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌ＥＤ８７６７在含链霉素的ＬＢ单板上筛选转化子。得到容量为６０００个转化子的克隆群体，其中２％的克隆含有水稻白叶枯病菌启动子活性片段，在平板上表现氯霉素（Ｃｍ）抗性。在帮助质粒ＰＲＫ２０１３的帮助下，通过三亲支配，将含有水稻白叶枯病菌启动子片段的重组质粒转移进野生型的水稻白叶枯病菌中去，在含链霉素的ＰＳＡ平板上筛选１６００个接合子，其中一个在平板上表现氯霉素抗性及含有组成表达的水稻白叶枯病菌启动子。随机选取２００个平板上对氯霉素敏感的接合子，接种用氯霉素处理的水稻感病品种金南风，得到１５个比对照明显致病的克隆。用其中一个含受水稻特异诱导启动子的重组质粒为探针，在水稻白叶枯病菌野生菌基因文库中筛选到２７个阳性克隆。     

基于cDNA微阵列技术对激活蛋白处理水稻后信号传导及防卫反应相关基因的研究

为探讨激活蛋白对植物抗病防虫作用的机理,应用水稻10368条非冗余序列标签(ESTs)所制备的cDNA微阵列及荧光信号Cy3、Cy5杂交体系,对激活蛋白处理水稻后信号传导及防卫反应相关基因进行了研究,并利用半定量RT-PCR方法验证了相关基因的表达.结果表明:激活蛋白处理水稻后1～5d内,诱导了NPR1和bZIP等信号传导相关基因的上调表达,同时对APX、GST、CHS及PR1a等防卫基因的表达也有促进作用.激活蛋白诱导水稻启动了水杨酸介导的系统获得抗性(systemic acquired resistance, SAR)反应.     

能产生植物抗性诱导蛋白harpin的自生固氮工程菌的构建

通过三亲交配的方法 ,把带有梨火疫欧文氏杆菌hrp基因簇的重组粘粒pCPP4 30接合转移进入固氮菌催娩克氏菌X2R中。经质粒提取检测、PCR专一扩增、Southernblotting分析和生物测定结果表明 ,工程菌X2R( pCPP4 30 )构建成功。该菌诱发过敏反应的能力是大肠杆菌DH5( pCPP4 30 )的 10倍以上。在温室小区用X2R(pCPP4 30 )菌液处理番茄 ,番茄早疫病的感染指数比出发菌降低 13.0 9% ,果实数量和单果重分别比对照增加 2 2 .31%和 2 0 .0 8% ,本工作表明 :hrp基因簇在自身固氮菌中可以表达和分泌harpin。     

Tid基因对水稻的转化及转基因植株的抗虫性

利用基因枪转化法将大豆Kunitz型胰蛋白酶抑制剂(SKTI)基因Ti^d转入北方推广的水稻(Oryza sativa L)品种丰优301和通887，所获得的潮霉素抗性植株通过GUS组织化学分析、PCR检测、Southern blot分子检测，证实Ti^d基因已经转入水稻基因组中，为转基因植株。用转基因水稻植株叶片进行了室内饲喂水稻二化螟(Chilo suppressalis)实验，抗虫性分析结果表明，与对照比较，部分转基因水稻植株明显地增强了对水稻二化螟虫的抗性。对转基因R1代植株进行PCR和PCR Southern分析，表明外源基因在转基因植株后代今稳定遗传。     

高温超高压处理HDPE的WAXD及FT－IR研究

用ＷＡＸＤ和ＦＴ－ＩＲ对高温超高压处理前后的ＨＤＰＥ进行了研究。发现经５．０ＧＰａ的高压处理或２００℃下４．０ＧＰａ的高压同时处理后的ＨＤＰＥ分子链的化学结构未发生变化。ＨＤＰＥ晶体中（２００）面与（１１０）面衍射峰的峰高比（γ）随着压力的升高而增大，表明ＨＤＰＥ分子链在超高压作用下发生了取向排列，且升高温度更有利于这种取向排列，但当压力增大至５．０ＧＰａ及温度升高至２００℃时，γ反而大幅度下降。     

植物抗病防卫基因及其顺式元件的利用

植物抗病防卫基因的表达产物直接参加对病原物侵染的抵抗活动。这类基因都要由不同刺激信号诱导而表达，基因顺式调控元件尤其是激应性元件（ＲＥ）起关键作用。在ＲＥ可以接收的刺激信号中，化学诱导物是人们操纵基因表达、诱发抗病性的有效工具。根据防卫基因的表达调控机制，病原真菌的致病机制和植物的抗病机，一种在化学诱导型ＲＥ、强启动子和增强子调控下的防卫基因重组体的构建，将在转化作物，改造对真菌病毒的抗性方面发挥     

高温超高压处理HDPE的WAXD及FT—IR研究

用ＷＡＸＤ和ＦＴ－ＩＲ对高温超高压处理前后的ＨＤＰＥ进行了研究。发现经５．０ＧＰａ的高压处理或２００℃下４．０ＧＰａ的高压同时处理后的ＨＤＰＥ分子链的化学结构未发生变化。ＨＤＰＥ晶体中（２００）面与（１１０）面衍射峰的峰高比（γ）随着压力的升高而增大，表明ＨＤＰＥ分子链在超高压作用下发生了取向排列，且升高温度更有利于这种取向排列，且升高温度更有利于这种取向排列，但当压力增大至５．０ＧＰａ及温度升高     

抗稻瘟病新基因pi-hit-1的克隆与功能研究

采用差异显示法(DD-PCR)寻找易感稻瘟病的突变品系与野生型对照品系中的差异表达基因。结果发现与野生型对照相比,Rubisco小亚基、pi-hit．1(AF450251)和pi-hit-2(AF448491)基因在易感稻瘟病的突变品系中高表达,pi-hit-1和pi-hit-2是功能未知的新基因。进一步采用电子克隆和RT-PCR方法克隆了pi-hit-1基因的全长eDNA(AF514859),该基因编码的蛋白质属于ATP依赖的Clp蛋白酶家族。分析pi-hit-1基因的组织特异性表达发现,此基因在叶片组织特异表达。进一步设计接种诱导实验研究pi-hit-1基因表达与水稻稻瘟病易感性的关系。在易感稻瘟病的突变品系中pi-hit-1受稻瘟病菌诱导,接种后其表达量明显升高,而野生型对照品系pi-hit-1基因表达在接种前后无明显变化。比较易感稻瘟病的突变品系与对照品系pi-hit-1基因序列差异发现,稻瘟病敏感品系中pi-hit-1基因第一外显子发生缺失突变使pi-hit-1蛋白功能缺失,导致突变品系易感稻瘟病。这些实验结果提示野生型pi-hit-1是稻瘟病抗性基因。     

HDPE、LLDPE及EPDM对PP等温结晶行为的影响EI

采用ＤＳＣ法研究了ＨＤＰＥ、ＬＬＤＰＥ及ＥＰＤＭ对ＰＰ等温结晶行为的影响。结果表明，ＰＥ的存在可显著降低ＰＰ的结晶速度，且ＨＤＰＥ比ＬＬＤＰＥ的影响要大，但加入ＥＰＤＭ后有所改善；ＰＥ的存在会诱发ＰＰ生成亚稳态的β晶系，β晶的生成量只与ＰＥ的含量有关，而与种类无关。     

转抗菌肽B基因水稻植株的获得与鉴定

构建了一个适合在水稻中表达含有抗菌肽Ｂ基因的转化载体，应用基因枪转化法将其导入水稻未成熟胚，获得了一些转基因水稻植株。根据对选择标记基因和目的基因的分子检测和抗病性测定，证明抗菌肽Ｂ基因已整合入转化水稻基因组并在转基因水稻中表达了抗病性。     

MnCo2O4涂层对SUS430合金连接体的表面改性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制得MnCo₂O₄纳米粉体, 通过XRD和TEM分析了粉体的物相和形貌; 通过添加适量乙基纤维素和松油醇经研磨制成浆料, 并采用丝网印刷法涂覆于SUS430基片上, 在900℃下95%N₂+5%H₂气氛中保温3 h, 再于800℃空气气氛中保温10 h烧结得到涂层。采用SEM对涂层的表面和断面进行了观察, 在750℃空气气氛下测试了SUS430/MnCo₂O₄样品的导电性能和抗氧化性能, 最后采用EDS对涂层的断面进行分析。结果表明: MnCo₂O₄粉体为单一的立方尖晶石相, 晶粒大小均匀, 粒径约150 nm; MnCo₂O₄涂层致密,与基体紧密结合且厚度均匀。SUS430/MnCo₂O₄样品在750℃空气气氛下经1000 h氧化后, 氧化增重量仅为0.15 mg/cm², 是SUS430合金氧化增重量的1/6; 面比电阻值为0.026 Ω·cm², 比SUS430合金的面比电阻值低了两个数量级; EDS结果表明: Cr元素主要分布在涂层与合金的界面, 在涂层内部无分布。研究显示, MnCo₂O₄涂层能显著降低SUS430合金基体的氧化速率, 有效改善其在高温下的导电性能, 并成功抑制Cr元素的挥发。     

Transgenic alfalfa plants co-expressing glutathione S-transferase (GST) and human CYP2E1 show enhanced resistance to mixed contaminates of heavy metals and organic pollutants

Transgenic alfalfa plants simultaneously expressing human CYP2E1 and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were generated from hypocotyl segments by the use of an Agrobacterium transformation system for the phytoremediation of the mixed contaminated soil with heavy metals and organic pollutants. The transgenic alfalfa plants were screened by a combination of kanamycin resistance, PCR, GST and CYP2E1 activity and Western blot analysis. The capabilities of mixed contaminants (heavy metals-organic compounds) resistance of pKHCG transgenic alfalfa plants became markedly increased compared with the transgenic alfalfa plants expressing single gene (GST or CYP2E1) and the non-transgenic control plants. The pKHCG alfalfa plants exhibited strong resistance towards the mixtures of cadmium (Cd) and trichloroethylene (TCE) that were metabolized by the introduced GST and CYP2E1 in combination. Our results show that the pKHCG transgenic alfalfa plants have good potential for phytoremediation because they have cross-tolerance towards the complex contaminants of heavy metals and organic pollutants. Therefore, these transgenic alfalfa plants co-expressing GST and human P450 CDNAs may have a great potential for phytoremediation of mixed environmental contaminants.     

Alloy 430 ferritic stainless steel welds fail due to stress-corrosion cracking in heat-recovery steam generator

Alloy 430 stainless steel tube-to-header welds failed in a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) within one year of commissioning. The HRSG was in a combined cycle, gas-fired, combustion turbine electric power plant. Alloy 430, a 17% chromium (Cr) ferritic stainless steel, was selected because of its resistance to chloride and sulfuric acid dewpoint corrosion under conditions potentially present in the HRSG low-pressure feedwater economizer. Intergranular corrosion and cracking were found in the weld metal and heat-affected zones (HAZs). The hardness in these regions was up to 35 HRC, and the weld had received a postweld heat treatment (PWHT). Metallographic examination revealed that the corroded areas contained undertempered martensite. Fully tempered weld areas with a hardness of 93 HRB were not attacked. No evidence of corrosion fatigue was found. Uneven temperature control during PWHT was the most likely cause of failure.     

410L和430L泡沫钢性能的比较

以410L和430L不锈钢粉为基体,以CaCl₂为造孔剂,采用粉末冶金烧结溶解法制备出不同孔隙率的410L和430L泡沫钢并分析比较其组织和性能。结果表明：410L和430L泡沫钢的基体组织都是α-Fe;在相同的腐蚀条件下430L不锈钢的抗腐蚀性更强;在烧结过程中410L泡沫钢孔壁表面的氧化程度比430L泡沫钢严重;在准静态压缩变形过程中孔隙率为73%~83%的410L泡沫钢屈服应力为22.06~5.45 MPa,相同孔隙率的430L泡沫钢其屈服应力为56.77~10.44 MPa,430L泡沫钢的抗压强度是410L泡沫钢的2~3倍;应变量为50%时,孔隙率为73%~83%的410L泡沫钢单位体积的能量吸收值为6.12~2.90 MJ/m³。应变量为50%时,孔隙率为72%~83%的430L泡沫钢其单位体积的能量吸收值为40.35~8.25 MJ/m³。430L泡沫钢的单位体积能量吸收值约为410L泡沫钢的3~5倍。     

Preparation and Characterization of MWCNTs/E44

Epoxy resin was modified by multi-walled carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs）with an in situ method.The composite was observed using scanning electron microscopy （SEM）and X-ray diffraction （XRD）,and its abrasive wear resistance and tensile properties were tested.The results show that the function groups found on the surface of MWCNTs helped to improve the resin＇s crack resistance,and the cracks were found notably reduced in the composite.Although the resin and MWCNTs were bonded physically ,the tensile properties and wear resistance of the composite were improved notably when an optimum amount of MWCNTs were filled in Epilote-44（E44）.When 5wt pct acidified MWCNTs were filled in E44,the elastic modulus ,breaking strength and wear resistance of the composite increase to 226.7%,303.3%and 272.55%（153.29%）,respectively.     

转修饰豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因(sck)玉米(Zea mays L.)植株的获得及其抗虫性分析

利用基因枪法将修饰的豇豆胰蛋白酶基因（sck）导入玉米优良自交系E28及340的胚性愈伤组织中,经筛选剂PPT3次筛选及再生过程,获得可育的再生植株。经PCR及Southern blot分子检测,证实所获得的再生植株为转基因植株。豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂抑制活性检测及抗虫结果显示：外源基因在植物已获表达,部分转基因植株具有较强的抗虫活性。     

基于MSP430单片机的海浪水压场自动测量系统

提出了基于MSP430单片机的水压场自动测量系统的设计方案和实现方法；并进行了实际测量．解决了自动测量系统中的低噪声、低功耗、高分辨率、大容量存储等关键技术．实验结果表明，该系统具有自动运行、电池供电、记录时间长等特点，适用于高海况条件下的海浪水压场的测量．     

Study the sintering behavior of nanocrystalline 3Y-TZP/430L stainless-steel composite layers for co-powder injection molding

Recently, co-powder injection molding process (2C-PIM) has attained considerable interest to fabricate complex-shaped functional materials. The aim of this work is to study the sintering compatibility between nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP) and PIM grade 430L stainless steel (SS) powders, which is the utmost important step in the 2C-PIM process. To evaluate the mismatch strain development during the co-sintering, the isothermal and nonisothermal behaviors of the ceramic and metal powders were studied. Small bilayers of 3Y-TZP/430L were made by a powder metallurgy technique and the feasibility of simultaneous sintering and joining of the composite layer was examined. Electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) was used to study the joint interface. The shear strength of the bond was tested by a shear-punch instrument. It is shown that the amount of mismatch sintering shrinkage between the zirconia ceramic and SS powder during sintering can be as high as 9.7%. Meanwhile, sintering in vacuum induced lower mismatch strain compared to argon sintering. It is also shown that formation of a liquid phase by boron addition to the SS layer could assist bonding. The liquid phase accommodates the mismatch sintering shrinkage and ease materials transfer at the interface. EPMA analysis confirmed the interlayer diffusion of Zr, Fe, and Cr during sintering to form a ternary Zr–Fe–Cr oxide interface.