酶法制备S-苄基-γ-L-谷氨酰-L-半胱氨酸的动力学模型

以Bacillus subtilis NX-2产γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)为催化荆,以L-谷氨酰胺(L-Gln)为γ-谷氨酰基供体,S-苄基-L-半胱氨酸(S-Bal-Cys)为受体,催化合成了S-苄基-γ-L-谷氨酰-L-半胱氨酸(S-Bzl-GGC).在反应机理分析的基础上,建立了定量描述该过程的动力学模型,模型计算值和实测值能较好吻合,平均相对误差为5.57%.通过模型分析得知,供体浓度的增加有利于转肽反应,但更多的是自转肽反应;受体浓度增加对提高转肽产物S-Bzl-GGC有一定的作用,对自转肽反应几乎没有影响;酶含量增加提高了反应速率,但不提高转肽产物的最大浓度.     

化学酶法合成γ-L-谷氨酰-L-半胱氨酸

以Bacillus subtilis NX-2产γ-谷氨酰转肽酶为催化剂,以L-谷氨酰胺和S-苄基-L-半胱氨酸为底物,利用转肽反应合成了S-苄基-γ-L-谷氨酰-L-半胱氨酸,考察了反应时间、初始酶浓度、供体/受体比以及投料方式等条件对反应过程的影响.结果表明,在L-谷氨酰胺浓度为20 mmol/L,S-苄基-L-半胱氨酸浓度为20 mmol/L,酶浓度为0.0208 U/mL以及pH9条件下,于40℃水浴中反应3 h,S-苄基-γ-L-谷氨酰-L-半胱氦酸得率为5.14 mmol/L,对谷胺酰胺的转化率为25.7%.采用分批投料方式可有效提高谷氨酰供体转化率.S-苄基-γ-L-谷氨酰-L-半胱氨酸以三氟甲磺酸脱除苄基保护基,经RPC纯化后可得产物GGC,产物纯度为91.2%,收率为75.7%.     

S-苄基-L-半胱氨酸的合成

由溴化苄和L-半胱氨酸直接合成S-苄基-L-半胱氨酸,通过正交试验及统计分析,检验了各影响因子的显著性,确定了最佳工艺条件为：反应时间2.5h,反应温度45℃,原料配比n（溴化苄）：n（L-半胱氨酸）=1：1.在此条件下反应,摩尔产率可达到95%.     

S-甲基-L-半胱氨酸的合成

以 L-半胱氨酸为原料 ,磷酸三甲酯为甲基化试剂合成了 S-甲基 - L-半胱氨酸。研究了 p H值、温度等反应条件对产品品质和收率的影响。发现在严格控制 p H为 7.0 ,反应温度不高于 37°C的条件下 ,并不出现消旋作用。这一合成路线可用于工业上大规模生产     

固定化γ-谷氨酰转肽酶催化合成γ-L-谷氨酰-L-半胱氨酸

以环氧基树脂Eupergit C250L为载体对B.subtilis NX-2 GGT进行了共价固定化.固定化酶的最适作用pH为9.0,最适作用温度为60℃.固定化酶的热稳定性和贮存稳定性均较游离酶有显著的提高,经100 d 20个批次转化后,固定化残余酶活仍能保持初始值的80%左右.以固定化酶为催化剂,在反应条件为L-谷氨酰胺(Gln)20 mmol/L、S-苄基-半胱氨酸(S-Bzl-cys)20 mmol/L、酶浓度0.0375 U/mL和pH 9.0条件下,40℃水浴反应22 h,转肽产物S-苄基-y-L-谷氨酰-L-半胱氨酸(S-Bzl-GGC)得率为4.3 mmol/L,较游离酶提高了11.96%.S-Bzl-GGC经酸解脱除保护基后可得γ-L-谷氨酰-L-半胱氨酸,产物纯度可达94.1%.     

色氨酸合成酶酶法合成S-苯基-L-半胱氨酸

利用重组色氨酸合成酶催化合成S-苯基-L-半胱氨酸,考察了反应温度、pH、底物摩尔比和底物浓度对色氨酸合成酶酶活的影响。最佳转化条件为:反应温度为37℃,pH=8,苯硫酚与L-丝氨酸的适宜底物摩尔比为1.2∶1,底物最适合浓度为400 mmol/L,反应达到平衡时间为16 h,底物L-丝氨酸摩尔转化率达到91%,苯硫酚与色氨酸合成酶活性位点Ser 235和Gly 233形成稳定的氢键。     

色氨酸合成酶酶法合成S-苯基-L-半胱氨酸的研究

利用重组色氨酸合成酶催化合成S-苯基-L-半胱氨酸,考察了反应温度、pH、底物摩尔比和底物浓度对色氨酸合成酶酶活影响。最佳转化条件为：反应温度为37 篊,pH为8,L-丝氨酸与苯硫酚的适宜底物摩尔比为1:1.2,底物最适合浓度为400 mmol/L,反应达到平衡时间为16 h,底物L-丝氨酸摩尔转化率达到91%,苯硫酚与色氨酸合成酶活性位点Ser 235和Gly 233形成稳定的氢键。     

S-乙酰氨甲基-L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐的制备

以L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐水合物为原料．在三氟醋酸溶剂体系中对巯基（-SH）进行乙酰氨甲基（Acm）保护．可制得标题化合物。后处理过程中．先调节反应液的极性．使产物从中析出．然后对昂贵的三氟醋酸溶剂进行常压回收。产品收率达到80％。     

酶法拆分氮-15标记S-苄基-半胱氨酸的研究

S-苄基-半胱氨酸是化学法制备氮-15（^15N）标记胱氨酸及其衍生物的重要前体,以S-苄基-D,L-半胱氨酸为拆分底物,对氨基酰化酶酶促拆分工艺如反应温度、初始pH值、酶和底物的用量、反应时间等工艺参数进行了考察。在较佳的工艺条件下,苄基-L-半胱氨酸拆分的单程收率达到45%,未出现同位素丰S-度稀释现象。     

N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸合成新方法

以乙酸酐为酰化剂一步合成N 乙酰 L 半胱氨酸的新工艺过程 ,获得最佳反应条件为 :乙酸酐与半胱氨酸的物质的量比为 1 30∶1 2 5,酰化试剂分两次加料完成 ;反应温度分段控制 :1 0～ 1 2、35～ 38、55～ 60℃ ;重结晶试剂为乙醇 ;产物收率为 83 1 % ,产品质量分数为 99 3%。     

碱性离子交换树脂分离L-苹果酸的研究

考察了 7种阴离子交换树脂对L 苹果酸及杂质氯离子的吸附行为。通过静态交换实验 ,初步选择了实验所用树脂 ,同时考察了温度对吸附过程的影响并确定实验在室温下进行 ,在此基础上 ,考察了所选树脂对L 苹果酸、氯离子的动态吸附性能及选择性能 ,选择D30 1为提纯L 苹果酸的树脂 ,对模拟生产中混合料液的质量浓度的L 苹果酸溶液进行分离 ,在 pH =3 4,流速为 2mL/min左右时 ,经处理后的料液中检测不到氯离子     

离子交换法的发展趋势及应用

离子交换法是利用离子交换剂与溶液中的离子发生交换作用而使离子分离的方法。如今,离子交换分离技术取得了突飞猛进的发展,成为了现代各个工业中净化与分离的中流砥柱。阐述了离子交换分离法的发展以及最新的应用进展,从重金属污水处理、食品工业、医药卫生以及清洁能源等方面综合阐明离子分离技术以及离子交换树脂在诸多领域中的重要作用。     

Mechanism of the Adsorption of Ammonium Ions from Aqueous Solution by a Chinese Natural Zeolite

Abstract

The adsorption of ammonium ions onto a Chinese natural zeolite in an agitated batch adsorber was studied. A trial‐and‐error non‐linear method was developed to examine two widely used isotherms, the Langmuir and Freundlich. The data gained from the adsorption system fitted the Freundlich isotherm better. An ion exchange model, describing the relationship among the total metal ions in the solution, NH₄ ⁺ removed from the solution, and ions initially released from the zeolite, was developed for the adsorption system. In addition, a parameter of the ion exchange potential was defined to describe the adsorption mechanism. Ion exchange was the main mechanism that accounted for the adsorption of ammonium ions onto the Chinese natural zeolite.     

Adsorptive Separation of Metal Ions onto Phosphorylated Orange Waste

Abstract

A highly selective and efficient biosorbent has been prepared from orange waste by introducing a phosphoric group at its polymer analog by simple chemical modification. Their adsorption behavior for several kinds of metal ions was studied and it was found to exhibit excellent selectivity towards several metal ions. As a typical example, a binary mixture of In(III) and Zn(II) was studied by using a packed column, indicating that In(III) ion can be selectively separated from its mixture with a concentration factor of 63 times. The maximum adsorption capacities evaluated in terms of mol/kg dry gel were 0.70 for In(III) and Ga(III), 0.97 for Cu(II), 1.15 for Pb(II) and Zr(IV), and 3.06 for Fe(III), respectively.     

从酶转化液中分离提取L-苯丙氨酸的工艺研究

利用JK006阳离子交换树脂从酶转化液中分离提取L-苯丙氨酸,对吸附、除杂、洗脱再生等工艺进行研究。吸附损失率几乎为零,对L-苯丙氨酸的吸附量达到97.5g.kg-1湿树脂,L-苯丙氨酸洗脱收率达到94.5%,洗脱液浓度达到28~30g.L-,并对洗脱尾流和再生洗涤水进行了再利用,降低了成本,减少了污染。     

Affinity of Clinoptilolite‐based Zeolites towards Removal of Cd from Aqueous Solutions

Abstract

Cd removal from aqueous solutions using as‐received and pretreated forms of two different clinoptilolite samples (denoted GC and BC) was investigated and dissimilar sorption affinities were revealed. Equilibrium behavior of systems were modeled using six different adsorption isotherms. The maximum sorption capacities, as obtained from the solubility‐normalized Dubinin‐Astakhov model for as‐received samples, were determined as 0.18 meq/g and 0.12 meq/g for GC and BC, whereas 0.72 meq/g and 0.41 meq Cd/g was determined for their pretreated forms, respectively. Examination of the release of exchangeable cations into the solution at equilibrium and the change of pH were discussed in terms of varying prevalence of ion exchange, dissolution of the sorbent and adsorption.     

吸附─还原法制备高纯盐酸

提出应用吸附─还原法制备高纯盐酸的方法。     

Selective Adsorption of Palladium(II) Complexes onto the Chelating Ion Exchange Resin Dowex M 4195 – Kinetic Studies

The chelating ion exchange resin – Dowex M 4195 was used in palladium(II) complexes adsorption from the acidic solutions. This study discusses the sorption kinetics, and more specifically the interparticle diffusion behavior of palladium(II) onto Dowex M 4195. The adsorption studies were used to determine the amount of palladium(II) complexes uptake (resin loading), the distribution coefficients, and the recovery efficiency of Pd(II) complexes. The influence of the agitation speed, the beads size (mean radius of swollen particles), the palladium concentrations, as well as acid concentrations (ionic strength of solutions), the macrocomponent addition (sodium chloride), and the phases contact time was also discussed. Moreover, the effect of temperature was taken into account during the determination of the isotherms. The experimental data obtained at 100 µg/cm³ Pd(II) initial concentration were applied to the kinetic models, and the sorption parameters as well as the normal standard deviation were calculated. Moreover, the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin‐Pyzhev isotherm models were applied and the isotherms parameters were calculated.     

离子交换树脂电再生的试验研究

离子交换树脂电再生是一项国际独创、市场前景广阔、经济和环保效益极好、社会迫切需求的高新技术。该文介绍了作者所发明的这项新技术的原理和某些特点及7项试验研究。研究结果表明:混床失效树脂可用电再生技术再生,所获得的树脂的再生度由于试验装置和其他条件不同而有所差别,但都能满足工程实用要求;按照复床失效树脂电再生的特点,在体外电再生器的再生室中插入双极膜,可顺利实现复床失效阴、阳树脂同时电再生。     

磺化产品中未磺化物的离子交换色谱测定法

采用DowexPraktCl-和DowexPraktH+阴阳离子交换混合柱 ,甲醇为流动相 ,运用示差折光仪将未磺化物检出并记录。其相对平均误差和精密度分别为 4.0 %和 0 .6 %。该法适用于测定脂肪醇硫酸盐 ,脂肪醇醚硫酸盐 ,烷基苯磺酸等中的未磺化物。