直肠癌术前综合分期

目的 研究直肠癌术前分期，为临床合理选择手术方式提供客观依据。方法 对８０例直肠癌病人使用术前腔内超声、ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ检查肿瘤病变的浓度及肛诊检查估计病变深度与病理报告相对照。结果 直肠内超声检查直肠癌浸润深度的正确诊断率为８９．３％，对早期直肠癌的正确诊断变８３．３％。ＣＴ正确诊断率为８６．４％，早期癌的正确诊断主继６６。５％．ＭＲＩ的正确诊断率为９０％，早期癌的正确诊断率为８３．３％，肛诊检查的     

直肠癌术前综合分期

（目的）研究直肠癌术前分期，为临床合理选择手术方式提供客观依据。（方法）对80例直肠癌病人使用术前腔内超声、CT、MRI检查肿瘤病变的深度及肛诊检查估计病变深度与术后病理报告相对照。（结果）直肠内超声检查直肠癌浸润深度的正确诊断率为89．3％，对早期直肠癌的正确诊断率为83．3％。CT正确诊断率为86．4％，早期癌的正确诊断率为666％。MRI的正确诊断率为90％，早期癌的正确诊断率为83．3％。肛诊检查的正确诊断率仅为52．5％。（结论）直肠内超声可分辨直肠壁五层的细微结构，是目前直肠癌术前分期方法中最精确的一种，可做为首选的诊断方法。CT及MRI在分辨肠壁的细微结构方面不及直肠内超声，病人需做肠道准备，且有放射性损害、价格贵、不宜做为术前分期的常规检查手段。     

直肠癌术前腔内超声分期

目的：通过直肠癌术前腔内超声分期与术后病理分期比较，评价直肠腔内超声检查对直肠癌术前分期的价值，方法：腔内超声探头插入后，装备７－ＭＨｚ换能器，缓慢地退出探头，仔细检查肿瘤和直肠周围淋巴结，结果：５６例直肠癌术前腔内超声分期与术后病理分期（Ａｓｔｌｅｒ－ｃｏｌｌｅｒ分期）Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ期的符合率分别为１００％，８９％，８２％。结论：腔内超声能分辨直肠壁各层结构，并判断直肠壁浸润的深度和程度，准确率达８     

直肠癌术前腔内超声分期

目的：通过直肠癌术前腔内超声分期与术后病理分期比较，评价直肠腔内超声检查对直肠癌术前分期的价值。方法：腔内超声探头插入后，装备7－MHz换能器．缓慢地退出探头，仔细检查肿瘤和直肠周围淋巴结。结果：56例直肠癌术前腔内超声分期与术后病理分期（Astler－coller分期）A、B、C期的符合本分别为100％、89％、82％。结论：腔内超声能分辨直肠壁各层结构，并判断直肠壁浸润的深度和程度，准确率达80％以上，具有方法简便、迅速、天创伤、费用低廉等优点，可作为直肠癌术前分期的常规手段。     

实时超声造影鉴别诊断脂肪肝背景下肝内低回声病变良恶性的临床价值

目的：总结常规超声所见的脂肪肝背景下肝内低回声病变的特点,应用实时超声造影（CEUS）进行鉴别诊断。方法本研究对128例常规超声检查发现脂肪肝背景下的肝内低回声病变进行CEUS检查,对考虑恶性与高度怀疑恶性及部分诊断良性的病灶（共52例）进行超声引导下穿刺活检,其余76例经临床综合诊断证实为良性,对比常规超声与超声造影图像特点并进行定期随访。计算超声造影与常规超声诊断的灵敏度、特异度、约登指数以及ROC曲线下面积,对超声造影和常规超声诊断结果应用Kappa检验进行信度分析。结果128例患者中共23例恶性病变,105例良性病变。超声造影与常规超声诊断肝内恶性病灶的灵敏度、特异度、约登指数分别为95．65％、98．10％、93．75％与87．00％、91．43％、84．43％。超声造影检查脂肪肝背景下低回声病灶的诊断结果与临床诊断结果比较具有较好的信度（ Kappa＝0．922,P＝00．45）。结论脂肪肝背景下的肝内低回声病灶应当予以重视,超声造影可有效鉴别脂肪肝背景下肝内低回声病变,有助于确诊肝内良恶性病变,明显提高诊断的准确性,减少误诊率。     

砂片指套肛诊涂片细胞学诊断肛管直肠癌

肛管、直肠癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤,确诊方法主要是依靠直肠镜下活检或肛诊涂片细胞学检查。近年来我们采用砂片指套肛诊涂片法,能获得丰富的细胞成份,诊断可靠,现介绍如下。材料与方法我院1986年2月～1989年6月,对具有肛管、直肠症状的门诊病人常规做直肠指诊,可触及肿物144例,用砂片指套随机肛诊涂片做细胞学检查。     

直肠肛诊涂片细胞学检查对直肠癌与息肉鉴别价值的探讨(摘要)

搜集了1979年1月至1980年6月间,前来佳木斯医学院附院肿瘤科门诊以近期排便不规律,出现血便或粘液血便而就医的直肠病人,行直肠肛诊涂片细胞学检查共20例。方法与结果在肛诊触到病变部位的不同方位上,用指诊取材,涂较薄的涂片2—3张,室温自然干燥,瑞吉氏复合染色。镜检:直肠癌与息肉的具体图象和主要鉴别点是依据武医临床细胞学图谱。     

直肠指诊涂片细胞学检查诊断直肠癌

目的 探讨直肠指诊细胞学检查对直肠癌的诊断价值。方法 对我室1999～2001年经病理组织学证实的123例直肠肿瘤患者由临床医师在进行直肠指诊检查时直接涂片细胞学检查进行回顾性分析。方法 细胞学诊断的总准确率为92．4％，敏感性93．7％，假阴性率2．3％，假阳性率为0。结论 直肠指诊涂片细胞学检查准确性高、操作简便、病人无痛苦、可反复检查，对直肠癌是一种行之有效的诊断方法。     

直肠内超声在直肠肿瘤中的应用

直肠内超声的使用是Dragested1983年首先应用于临床的。近几年国外陆续有报道,但国内未见有关详细报道。我院自1988年10月～1989年10月对20例直肠肿瘤病人行术前直肠内超声检查,与手术后病理报告相对照,现报告如下。方法及病例选择使用东芝SAL-50A型实时线阵超声显像仪,棒式换能器IVB-505S,频率为5.0MHZ,探头长150 mm,超声探头外套贮水胶囊,先抽空囊内积气,外涂透声胶。病人检查前排大便,饮水充盈膀胱,先做肛诊检查,了解肿瘤特征及位置,估计肿瘤的浸润深     

直肠指检对直肠癌术前评估意义的临床研究

目的:探讨直肠指检在直肠癌术前评估中的临床意义.方法:前瞻性纳入163例直肠癌患者,行直肠指检,判断肿瘤下缘距肛缘距离、肿瘤大体类型及浸润肠壁周径长度和浸润深度等指标,以术后病理检查诊断为"金标准",分析直肠指检对上述指标在术前评估中的准确率.结果:直肠指检对超低位直肠癌肿瘤下缘距肛缘距离的评估有较高的准确性,距肛缘3cm～6cm者准确率为83%～100%;对环周度判断准确率为82%～95%;大体类型准确率为82%～100%;如直肠癌肿瘤未浸穿肠壁,对浸润深度判断准确率为78%～100%.但对7cm～10cm以上直肠癌距肛缘距离的评估准确性不高(准确率14%～58%),对浸出肠壁的直肠癌浸润深度判断不是非常准确(准确率31%).结论:直肠指检对低位早期直肠癌的术前评估有重要意义,可较准确地评估直肠癌患者局部病情进展情况,为进一步检查治疗提供重要参考.     

直接法与助显剂充盈法经直肠超声对直肠癌浸润深度的诊断价值

目的:探讨360°环阵探头比较直接法及助显剂充盈法经直肠超声（transrectal ultrasonography，TRUS）对直肠癌浸润深度诊断准确性的差异。方法:对67例原发性直肠癌患者术前行TRUS检查，先后使用直接法及助显剂充盈法，判断直肠癌的浸润深度，并与病理结果进行对照，使用Kappa检验评估两者结果的一致性。结果:直接法及助显剂充盈法TRUS评估直肠癌浸润深度总准确率分别为91.0%和92.5%。两种方法与病理结果的一致性均较高，但后者（Kappa=0.846，P=0.000）明显高于前者（Kappa=0.685，P=0.000）。两种方法评估T1及T2期直肠癌的准确率分别为89.2%、95.6%及90.4%、93.7%。助显剂充盈法对T1及T2期直肠癌的诊断准确率明显高于直接法。结论:助显剂充盈法TRUS对直肠癌浸润深度的诊断准确率高于直接法，并且T1及T2期的应用价值更高。     

直肠腔内三维超声对直肠癌术前分期的诊断价值

背景与目的：直肠癌是常见的消化道肿瘤,不同分期的肿瘤选择的治疗方式也不相同,而准确的术前分期是指导外科治疗的前提条件。直肠腔内三维超声（3D-transrectal ultrasound,3D-TRUS）检查能清楚地显示5层肠壁结构、直肠周围邻近器官及肠周有无肿大淋巴结,目前被认为是直肠癌术前分期较准确的方法之一,该研究旨在探讨3D-TRUS对直肠癌术前分期的价值。方法：对59例直肠癌患者术前行3D-TRUS检查并作出术前分期,与术后病理分期进行对比。结果：59例直肠癌患者中,3D-TRUS对直肠癌T分期诊断的总准确率为93.2%,与病理T分期的一致性较好(kappa=0.814,P<0.005);3D-TRUS对直肠癌N分期诊断的总准确率为76.3%,与病理N分期的一致性较差(kappa=0.219,P>0.05)。结论：直肠腔内三维超声对直肠癌术前T分期有着较高的准确率,N分期准确率较差,但因为操作简便,患者痛苦少,性价比较高,目前仍是直肠癌术前分期诊断有效的检查方法。     

Lymphatic vessel invasion is an independent prognostic factor for survival in colorectal cancer

To assess whether lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) is an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 462 patients who underwent potentially curative surgery for carcinoma of the colon and rectosigmoid/rectum (rs/rectum) at the New England Deaconess Hospital from 1965-1978. Sixty-one patients were identified as having tumors with lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI+), and they were compared with the remaining group of 401 patients who had tumors without lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI-). The incidence of lymphatic vessel invasion was significantly increased in tumors with blood vessel invasion (24% vs. 5%, p = 0.000001). Patients with LVI+ tumors also had a significantly increased incidence of positive nodes (59% vs. 25%, p = 0.0004), the average number of positive nodes (4.8 vs. 2.2, p = 0.0003), and a lower 5-year survival rate (colon: 57% vs. 84%, p = 0.0001; rs/rectum: 38% vs. 71%, p = 0.004). There was a significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) increase in local (16% vs. 7%), abdominal (33% vs. 9%), and distant (13% vs. 4%) failure as a component of component of failure in patients with LVI+ colon cancer and a significant increase in abdominal (33% vs. 11%) and distant (13% vs. 8%) failure as a component of failure in patients with LVI+ rectosigmoid/rectal cancer. Proportional hazards analysis demonstrated that lymphatic vessel invasion was an independent prognostic factor for survival.     

直肠癌术后局部复发的相关因素分析

目的：对直肠癌术后局部复发的相关因素进行分析。方法：统计分析直肠癌术后局部复发的41例患者的临床资料。结果：局部复发患者中男26例,女15例;高分化3例,中分化26例,低分化12例;位于黏膜下层4例,侵及肌层23例,浆膜外14例;肿瘤周径小于1/4圈7例,1/4-1/2圈19例,大于1/2圈15例;上段9例,中段17例,下段15例。局部复发与性别、分化程度及肿瘤位置相关（P〈0.05）,与侵犯程度及肿瘤周径无关P〉0.05。结论：直肠癌术后局部复发与患者的性别、分化程度以及肿瘤位置关系密切。     

直肠癌术后局部复发的相关因素分析

目的:对直肠癌术后局部复发的相关因素进行分析。方法:统计分析直肠癌术后局部复发的41例患者的临床资料。结果:局部复发患者中男26例,女15例;高分化3例,中分化26例,低分化12例;位于黏膜下层4例,侵及肌层23例,浆膜外14例;肿瘤周径小于1/4圈7例,1/4-1/2圈19例,大于1/2圈15例;上段9例,中段17例,下段15例。局部复发与性别、分化程度及肿瘤位置相关(P<0.05),与侵犯程度及肿瘤周径无关P>0.05。结论:直肠癌术后局部复发与患者的性别、分化程度以及肿瘤位置关系密切。     

腔内超声对直肠癌术前分期诊断的应用价值

目的:评价腔内超声(ELUS)对直肠癌术前分期诊断的准确性及局限性.方法:对58例直肠癌术前行ELUS检查,参考TNM分期标准进行术前分期诊断,并与手术及术后病理结果对照.结果:ELUS对58例直肠癌浸润深度诊断符合率达79.3%,T1、T2、T3、T4各期诊断灵敏度分别为100%、58.8%、87.5%、83.3%.对T2期诊断灵敏度最低,误诊7例中6例过深判断为T3期,且均为溃疡型腺癌.ELUS对54例直肠癌淋巴结转移诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为76.9%、75.0%、75.9%.淋巴结转移ELUS漏诊6例,淋巴结转移ELUS诊断假阳性7例.结论:ELUS对直肠癌浸润深度及肠周淋巴结转移诊断准确度较高,可成为直肠癌术前分期诊断良好的方法.对T2期的过深判断为影响诊断符合率的重要因素,肿瘤导致肠腔明显狭窄或肿瘤位于直肠上段也影响ELUS的准确性.     

Clinicopathological study on rectal cancer after sphincter-saving operation in conjunction with preoperative radiation therapy

In an attempt to clarify the effect of preoperative radiation on rectal cancer after sphincter-saving resection, radiation group (10 cases) and non-radiation group (22 cases) were studied clinicopathologically. A rate of local recurrence was 36.4% and 10.0% in radiation and non-radiation group, respectively. In cumulative 5-year-survival, non-radiation group showed 70.7%, however, all cases were alive in radiation group. Histological examination demonstrated that such factors predictive of local recurrence as depth of invasion a2, ew (distance between tumor invasion and surgical surface) less than 2 mm, have reduced in radiation group. As a result, it was shown that irradiation had an effect of lowering local recurrences even in cases with high risk factors of local recurrence prescribed above. On the contrary, AW (distance between tumor invasion and anal stump) and frequency of lymph node metastasis had no association with local recurrence, and have not changed favorably even after irradiation. It was also thought to be important to avoid radiation colitis as carefully as possible in radiation therapy for rectal cancer.     

Is surgery‐only the adequate treatment approach for T2N0 rectal cancer?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Resection combined with standard lymphadenectomy is generally recommended for T2N0 rectal cancer. In order to evaluate the outcome of this specific tumor category, our own data were reviewed. METHODS: To evaluate the results of patients with curative resected T2N0 rectal carcinoma, we reviewed data of 164 consecutive patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum between 1981 and 2003 in our department. In addition, patient characteristics were stratified according to the position of the rectal tumor with respect to the anal verge. RESULTS: One hundred ten patients (67.1%) underwent anterior resection and 54 patients (32.9%) received abdominoperineal amputation. The follow-up revealed 6 local recurrences (3.7%); in 10 patients (10.0%), metastases were discovered. Regarding the tumor localization nearly no local recurrence or distant metastases were observed in the middle or the upper rectum. However, in the lower rectum the actuarial 5-year recurrence rate was 16.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Although T2N0 rectal carcinomas are considered as low risk tumors, we found a considerable local recurrence rate of 3.7%. The question arises whether this result can be improved by adjuvant treatment modalities without being compromised by the toxicity of an adjuvant treatment.