CT导引下肝肾囊肿抽吸硬化治疗

目的：总结CT导引下肝肾囊肿穿刺抽吸硬化治疗的疗效和操作经验。材料和方法：肝囊肿11，肾囊肿15例，多囊肾1例，囊肿大小为3．5－12cm，均用15cm长20GGreene针穿刺治疗，抽出囊液量为21－550ml，囊液抽净后注入99．7％的无水酒精。结果：治疗后症状均有明显好转或消失，本组随访肝囊肿7例、肾囊肿11例，疗效指数I级1例（多囊肾），Ⅱ级肝肾囊肿各2例，Ⅲ级肝囊肿5例肾囊肿8例。穿刺操作顺利，无严重并发症发生。结论：CT导引下肝肾囊肿抽吸硬化治疗操作简便、创伤小、疗效高可作为替代外科手术的有效的治疗方法，多囊肾的单纯抽吸治疗可明显减轻症状，改善肾功能，是一种较好的治疗手段。     

肾囊肿的穿刺硬化剂治疗（附235例报告）

目的：总结ＣＴ导引下穿刺硬化剂治疗肾囊肿的经验。材料与方法：２３５例２７０个肾囊肿经皮穿刺抽吸酒精治疗，其中１８６例为单纯肾囊肿，４４例多发囊肿，５例多囊肾。囊肿大小直径为１．９～１３．５ｃｍ。用１９～２１Ｇ抽吸针穿刺抽吸，抽出囊液为３～７８０ｍｌ。注入９９．７％无水酒精，酒精量以抽出囊液的２５．０％为合适。结果：本组随访病例９７例（１０６个肾囊肿），随访时间为３个月以内到１年以上，单纯囊肿疗效为９７．１％，其中囊腔消失为７２．１％；多发囊肿和多囊肾的疗效为７６．３％，其中囊肿消失为３６．８％。并发症为局部疼痛（６．４％），无严重的并发症。结论：ＣＴ导引下经皮穿刺抽吸硬化剂治疗肾囊肿是一种安全、并发症低、疗效高的有价值的治疗方法。     

肾囊肿穿刺硬化治疗及疗效观察

目的：观察ＣＴ引导下不同方法及不同大小肾囊肿硬化治疗的效果。材料与方法：对１９８例肾囊肿ＣＴ引导下行无水乙醇（９９７％）硬化治疗,其中方法Ⅰ４７例并随访４２例为抽出囊液后直接注入２５％囊液量的无水乙醇。方法Ⅱ１５１例随访７９例为抽出囊液后根据囊肿大小每次用５～３０ｍｌ不等量的无水乙醇反复多次冲洗,后留置５～３０ｍｌ不等量的无水乙醇于囊腔内。其次将囊肿分为＜５ｃｍ组１０８例（５４５％）,随访６７例;５～８ｃｍ组７４例（３７３％）,随访４３例;＞８ｃｍ组１６例（８．２％）,随访１１例。结果：囊肿硬化治疗方法Ⅰ与方法Ⅱ疗效有差异性（Ｐ＜００５）,囊肿＜５ｃｍ组与５～８ｃｍ组及＞８ｃｍ组,疗效亦有差异性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：方法Ⅱ疗效优于方法Ⅰ,囊肿越小,疗效越好     

肝肾囊肿硬化剂疗效评价及彩色多普勒超声导向作用

目的观察超声引导下肝肾穿刺注射无水酒精治疗肝肾囊肿158例的疗效和彩色多普勒超声导向作用。方法在彩色多普勒超声引导下,经皮穿刺肝肾囊肿抽液后向肝肾囊肿内注射无水酒精。结果158例共173个肝肾囊肿经无水酒精治疗后复查总治愈率为81．5％、总显效率为97．7％。其中7例患者在治疗后出现不同程度的头晕、恶心等,15例患者注入无水酒精后或拔出针后出现肝区、腰部胀痛或不同程度腹痛,休息后均可缓解,无出血、感染、剧痛等严重并发征。结论彩色多普勒超声导向能成功避开肝肾大血管防止术中出血,并能进行囊肿的鉴别诊断。该方法具有疗效好、穿刺准确、方法简便、经济、安全等优点。     

CT导引下肝囊肿硬化剂治疗

目的：评价ＣＴ导引下肝囊肿硬化剂治疗的疗效。材料和方法：２２例２４个肝囊肿用１９～２０Ｇ针穿刺抽吸，并注入９９．７％酒精到囊腔。囊腔大小直径为１．６～１９ｃｍ，抽出囊液为３ｍｌ到２６００ｍｌ。结果：本组随访病例为１１例（１３个囊肿），随访时间为１个月～４年，疗效为９２％，其中囊腔消失占３８％。其并发症仅为腹部疼痛。结论：ＣＴ导引下经皮细针穿刺硬化剂治疗肝囊肿已成为一种有价值的方法，此法安全，并发症少而疗效好。     

小肝癌栓塞化疗的效果观察

目的：探讨小肝癌经导管肝动脉注射碘油抗癌药栓塞化疗（ＴＯＣＥ）的疗效及影响预后的因素。材料与方法：小肝癌３０例,全部接受ＴＯＣＥ治疗后随访３￣５年以上,其中２４例单纯行ＴＯＣＥ治疗,作为Ａ组;另６例ＴＯＣＥ后４￣６周行手术切除,作为Ｂ组。两组分别统计和生存率和死亡原因。结果：Ａ组１、３、５年生存率分别为７９．３％、３７．５％和２２．２％;Ｂ组则为１００％、６６．７％和２５％。生存≥３年的患者主要死     

超声引导下经皮穿刺注射无水乙醇与盐酸四环素治疗肝、肾囊肿的比较

本组肝、肾囊肿在B超的引导下、经皮穿刺注射无水乙醇或盐酸四环素进行疗效比较观察，现报道如下。１资料与方法１．１我院自１９９５年２月至２０００年４月对４７例５６个肝、肾囊肿以随机分配的原则分为无水乙醇组（Ⅰ组）及盐酸四环素组（Ⅱ组）。Ⅰ组２１例２６个囊肿，男性１２例、女性９例，年龄２３～５７岁，其中肝囊肿４例（６个囊中）；肾囊肿１７例（２０个囊肿）。Ⅱ组２６例３０个囊肿，男性１５例，女性１１例，年龄２６～６１岁，其中肝囊肿６例（８个囊肿）；肾囊肿２０例（２２个囊肿）。１．２介入超声引导使用Aloka６…     

CT引导下肝囊肿穿刺无水乙醇硬化治疗39例分析

目的探讨CT引导下肝囊肿穿刺无水乙醇硬化及进一步提高肝囊肿介入治疗的疗效。方法本组39例患者均在CT引导下进行肝囊肿穿刺抽液，然后注入适量无水酒精行硬化治疗，术后随访0．5—3．0年，观察治疗效果。结果肝囊肿穿刺准确率100％，本组有效率94．9％。结论在CT引导下肝囊肿穿刺治疗术，定位准，简单，安全，创伤小，疗效好。     

CT导向下无水酒精两次硬化法治疗有症状的单纯性肾囊肿123例报告

目的：利用全身CT机图像密度分辨率高和定位准确的特点，评价CT导向下无刨性穿刺、抽吸、硬化治疗有症状的单纯性肾囊肿疗效。方法：选择囊肿直径大干3．0cm的有临床症状的单纯性肾囊肿病人123例，采用自制金属定位栅实施抽吸囊液后二次无水酒精囊内硬化法，采用了四点无痛措施。术后6个月B超CT复查随访。结果：二．次无水酒精囊内硬化法疗效明显高于一次硬化法，囊肿消失、基本消失达98．37％。囊腔消失、受压肾实质复形、局部肾皮质皱缩机化钙化是影像学的基本愈合表现。结论：CT导向下无创性介入治疗有症状的单纯性肾囊肿多数情况下可以替代外科治疗，值得推广应用。     

CO_2激光治疗腱鞘囊肿32例

ＣＯ２激光治疗腱鞘囊肿３２例杨俊平苟建平我科自１９９２年以来采用ＣＯ２激光治疗腱鞘囊肿３２例，效果满意。报告如下：资料和方法３２例均经骨科确诊，其中男１４例，女１８例；年龄１２岁～５６岁，平均年龄２９岁±０．６３岁，病程０．５年以下８例，０．５年～＜...     

2种硬化剂在单纯性肝肾囊肿硬化治疗中的对比研究

目的:对超声引导下单纯性肝肾囊肿穿刺注射新型硬化剂和无水乙醇治疗的疗效进行对比研究。方法:对32例患者36个肝肾囊肿(18例肝囊肿,14例18个肾囊肿)经超声引导抽净囊液后,注入适量新型硬化剂1%聚桂醇注射液(国药准字H20080445),并留置囊内,观察治疗过程中发生的不良反应、患者耐受程度,6月跟踪统计有效率;并与我院采用传统无水乙醇硬化剂治疗的肝肾囊肿统计数据进行对比。结果:32例36个囊肿均一次穿刺成功,按1/10～1/4的比例注入新型硬化剂并保留囊内,患者耐受性良好,无刺激性疼痛和醉酒症状,治疗后1周内,9例患者诉侧腹轻微胀痛,间断低热2 d,未经特殊处理自行消失,无严重不良反应。6月复查33例全部消失,3个囊肿缩小2/3以上,有效率达100%,长期疗效仍在跟踪中。采用传统无水乙醇作为硬化剂注射治疗肝肾囊肿20例(12例肝囊肿,8例肾囊肿),抽净囊液后,按1/4～1/3比例注入无水乙醇,注射时均有短暂刺激性疼痛,18例出现面红、心跳加快、口干、恶心呕吐等醉酒症状。6月复查15例完全消失,5例缩小2/3以上。结论:新型硬化剂聚桂醇治疗肝。肾囊肿疗效与传统无水乙醇硬化治疗一致,但它留置体内,无刺激性剧痛,无醉酒症状,操作简单,不良反应少,患者耐受性好,优于无水乙醇,有望在肝肾囊肿的硬化治疗中成为无水乙醇的替代物。     

CT导引下置猪尾导管硬化治疗巨大肝肾囊肿疗效观察

目的探讨CT导引下穿刺置猪尾引流管硬化巨大肝肾囊肿安全性及疗效。方法CT导引下对17例巨大肝肾囊肿患者,穿刺置入7F猪尾导管引流,并且每日注射无水乙醇或乙酸1次。对于囊液<500ml者,每次注入硬化剂后夹闭引流管,24h后再开放引流。囊液大于500ml者,硬化后立即开放引流。所有患者24h引流量<10ml时,再次硬化后拔除引流管。其中肝囊肿平均拔管时间40d;肾囊肿10d。结果本组硬化治疗后6个月,复查B超示治愈17例,治愈率100%。无一例出血、感染及出现心脑血管并发症。结论CT导引下置猪尾巴管硬化治疗巨大肝肾囊肿简单安全、疗效满意。     

超声引导下经皮穿刺抽吸和注射无水乙醇治疗单纯性肾囊肿

目的评价超声引导下经皮穿刺抽吸和注射无水乙醇治疗单纯性肾囊肿的效果。方法46例单纯性肾囊肿患者(男性26例,女性20例,平均年龄65岁)均经超声引导经皮穿刺抽吸和注射无水乙醇硬化治疗。全部操作是在局部麻醉下完成的。治疗后,全部病人经超声或CT随访1至6个月。囊肿与治疗前比较,减小2/3以上为有效,完全消失为治愈。结果46个囊肿中,2个囊肿抽出液蛋白定性试验阴性,抽液后未注入无水乙醇,其余44个囊肿于治后1,3,6个月呈进行性缩小,6个月时复查有效率为100%,治愈率为90.6%。结论超声引导经皮穿刺抽吸和注射无水乙醇是治疗单纯性肾囊肿的一种操作简单、痛苦小、费用低、安全有效的方法,值得临床推广应用。     

CT引导下介入治疗肾囊肿的临床应用

目的探讨CT引导下穿刺硬化剂治疗肾囊肿的方法及疗效。方法经B超或CT诊断的78例84个肾囊肿在CT定位下经皮穿刺抽吸,行无水乙醇反复冲洗法硬化剂治疗,用18~22 G穿刺针抽吸,注入99.7%无水乙醇,注射量为抽出囊液量的25%~30%。术后每隔3个月复查,随访其疗效。结果其中79个囊肿一次穿刺成功,随访3个月~1年,复查见51例54个囊肿消失,22例24个囊肿缩小,4例4个囊肿未见缩小。有效率95.2%,消失率64.2%,无严重并发症。结论CT引导下经皮穿刺硬化剂治疗肾囊肿是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,具有较高的临床实用价值。     

Sclerotherapy of renal cysts using acetic acid: a comparison with ethanol sclerotherapy

This study compared percutaneous sclerotherapy using 50% acetic acid with that using 99% ethanol for patients with simple renal cysts. The study included 72 simple renal cysts in 64 patients (male/female ratio = 31/33; age range, 31-75 years). Under fluoroscopic guidance, the cyst fluid was aspirated completely. Sclerotherapy was then performed using 50% acetic acid for 32 cysts and 99% ethanol for 40 cysts. The volumes of each renal cyst before and after sclerotherapy were compared using ultrasonography or CT. Medical records were reviewed to analyse any complications. The mean follow-up period was 21.5 months (range, 3-75 months). The mean remnant volume of the cyst after sclerotherapy was 2.6% of the initial volume in the acetic acid group and 14.0% in the ethanol group. The rates of complete remission, partial remission and treatment failure were 90.6%, 9.4% and 0%, respectively, in the acetic acid group, and 60.0%, 30.0% and 10.0%, respectively, in the ethanol group. There were no complications related to sclerotherapy in either group. In conclusion, acetic acid is a safe and effective sclerosing agent, with clinical results superior to those of ethanol, and is an alternative to ethanol for sclerotherapy of renal cysts.     

Long-term results of single-session percutaneous drainage and ethanol sclerotherapy in simple renal cysts

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the efficacy and long-term results of the single-session ethanol sclerotherapy in simple renal cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-eight cysts in 97 patients (range: 18-76 years; mean age, 54 years) were included in the study. Indications were determined as flank pain in 74, hydronephrosis in 12, hypertension in 8, patient reassurance due to increasing cyst size in three patients. Mean follow-up period was 24.4 months. Procedures were performed with the guidance of fluoroscopy and ultrasonography at all times using 5-7 Fr pigtail catheters. After the cystogram that was obtained in all cases, 95% ethanol with a volume of 30-40% of the cyst volume was used as a sclerosing agent on an outpatient basis. Maximum volume of the injected ethanol was 200 ml. Follow-up examinations were performed 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the procedure and once every year thereafter. RESULTS: Average cyst volume reduction was 93% at the end of the first year. The cysts disappeared completely in 17 (17.5%) patients. After the procedure, in 67 (90%) patients improvement in flank pain was noted. Sixty-one (82%) patients were free of pain and in 6 (8%) of them the pain decreased. Normotension was obtained in 7 (87.5%) of the 8 hypertensive patients and no hydronephrosis was detected in 10 (83.3%) of the 12 patients after the procedure. Second intervention was required in 2 (2%) patients due to recurrence of cysts and related symptoms. One (1%) patient had small retroperitoneal hematoma that resolved spontaneously and in another (1%) patient spontaneous hemorrhage was detected into the cyst 1 year after the procedure. No other complication was detected during the procedure and follow-up. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous treatment of simple renal cysts with single-session sclerotherapy is a safe, effective and minimally invasive procedure and can be used as an alternative to multiple-session sclerotherapy with comparable results. High volume, up to 200 ml ethanol can be used without adverse effects for large renal cysts.     

Single-session alcohol-retention sclerotherapy for simple renal cysts: comparison of 2- and 4-hr retention techniques

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of our study were to evaluate the feasibility of ethanol sclerotherapy in treating simple renal cysts with prolonged ethanol retention and to compare the therapeutic results of 2- and 4-hr retention techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 36 renal cysts in 33 patients treated by ethanol sclerotherapy with a single-session single-injection technique during the past 6 years. After complete aspiration of the cystic fluid, 95% ethanol was injected into the cyst and was retained for 4 hr in 14 cysts (group 1) and for 2 hr in 22 cysts (group 2). The average maximal diameter and aspirated volume of the cysts were 8.3 cm and 223 mL in group 1 patients and 7.9 cm and 167 mL in group 2, respectively. The ablated cysts were followed up regularly by sonography, CT, or both at 3- to 6-month intervals for at least 1 year. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare differences in characteristics, treatment results, and laboratory data of the subjects in the two groups. The level of statistical significance was set at a p value of less than 0.05. RESULTS: Technically, all the patients tolerated the procedures. One patient had gross hematuria 10 days after the procedure. She underwent surgical deroofing treatment and was excluded in the later statistical analysis. After sclerotherapy, 14 cysts disappeared completely and 16 cysts showed marked regression with residual maximal diameter of less than 3 cm. The overall volume reduction rate was 97.6% in all 35 cysts. The mean residual longest diameters and average volume reduction rates of the treated cysts were 1.9 cm and 97.9% in group 1 patients and 1.1 cm and 97.3% in group 2 patients, respectively, which showed no statistical significance of volume reduction rate with a p value 0.149. CONCLUSION: The single-session prolonged ethanol-retention technique is safe and efficacious for the treatment of renal cysts. There is no statistical difference in therapeutic efficacy between 2- and 4-hr ethanol-retention techniques.     

Percutaneous aspiration and ethanol sclerotherapy of symptomatic hepatic cysts

Nineteen patients with 49 symptomatic non-neoplastic non-parasitic simple hepatic cysts were subjected to ultrasonographically guided percutaneous aspiration and temporary injection of 99% ethanol into the cyst. Small cysts were treated twice, the large ones three times at the same sitting. The volume of alcohol per injection varied from 20 to 100 ml, depending on the size of the cyst. A cure was usually achieved with one ethanol sclerotherapy treatment. Only minor side effects such as transient pain and temperature elevation occurred. Forty-seven of the 49 cysts could be treated adequately, and did not recur during a follow-up period af 12–40 months. The results indicate that aspiration an and ethanol sclerotherapy is the treatment of choice in patients with symptomatic non-neoplastic simple hepatic cysts or polycystic liver disease. Correspondence to: A. Leinonen     

CT导引下穿刺注射无水乙醇治疗肾囊肿

目的　评估CT导引经皮穿刺肾囊肿注射无水乙醇治疗的临床经验。方法　 4 4 5例 5 10个肾囊肿于CT导引下经皮穿刺肾囊肿抽液后注射无水乙醇治疗 ,4 4 5例中 385例为单发肾囊肿 ,5 3例多发肾囊肿 ,7例多囊肾。囊肿直径为 1.9～ 13.5cm。用 18～ 2 1G抽吸针穿刺抽吸 ,抽出囊液量为 3～780ml。注入 99.7%乙醇 ,乙醇量以抽出囊液的 2 5 %为合适。结果　本组 396例 (42 7个囊肿 )用CT扫描或超声检查随访 ,随访时间为 3个月到 1年以上 ,单发肾囊肿疗效为 97% ,其中囊腔消失为 82 % ,多发肾囊肿疗效为 95 % ,其中囊腔消失为 79% ,多囊肾疗效为 6 7%。并发症为局部疼痛 (2 8例 ) ,血尿 (4例 ) ,无严重并发症出现。结论　CT导引经皮穿刺肾囊肿乙醇治疗对单发肾囊肿和多发囊肿是一种有价值的治疗方法