ISO14001和ISO14004标准的修订计划

为了确保ISO标准反映最新发展状态,ISO规则要求技术委员会对其公布、出版已满五年的国际标准进行研究,并决定是否修订,确认或撤消。 ISO环境管理体系(EMS)标准ISO14001(EMS——规范使用及指南)及ISO14004(有关EMS原则,体系和支持技术指南)对这个规则也不例外。1996年颁布的标准现正由ISO TC207环境管理技术委员     

向ISO成员传递ISO标准的建议

信息系统和服务委员会(Committee OnInformation System and Services,缩略词为INFCO)是ISO四个政策委员会之一。ISO国际标准向成员组织和用户传递政策是该委员会的任务之一,本建议是由INFCO营销小组于1998年7月提出,并经INFCO批准已提交ISO理事会审批。本文是该建议草案的全文。     

高等教育质量管理引入ISO9000标准的探讨

通过了解我国高等教育的发展概况和国内外高校引入ISO9000标准的基本情况，分析了在高等教育质量管理中引入ISO9000标准的可行性和必要性，阐述了实施ISO9000标准的基本原则和步骤。     

ISO 13680标准的最新进展分析

本文介绍了ISO 13680标准制修订历程,以ISO 13680:2010和ISO 13680:2020两版标准为研究对象,分析了ISO 13680标准的主要变化及最新进展。结果表明：随着技术的进步,为适应服役工况的要求,标准的技术内容不断丰富,要求趋于严格。同时,从标准化运行规律的角度,阐述了标准的作用。     

图书馆引进实施ISO9000标准的探讨

文章对ISO9000标准导入图书馆质量管理的重要性及可行性进行了论述,对建立符合ISO9000标准的图书馆质量管理体系的工作步骤和在贯彻标准中应解决的问题进行了探讨。     

ISO导则64 产品标准中的环境问题

引言每一个产品在其制造、销售、使用与废弃的过程中都会对环境产生某种影响。这些影响可能或大或小;时间或长或短;出现的地域可能是全球性的,地区性的,或者局部性的。产品标准中制定的条款可能对这些环境问题具有重大的影响。     

特殊企业计量工作采有ISO10012标准的探讨

简述了特殊企业计量工作的意义和ＩＳＯ１００１２标准的特点，以及特殊企业计量工作的现状与ＩＳＯ１００１２标准的差距，并提出了一些作法与建议。     

谈2000版ISO 9000族标准中的过程管理方法

ＩＳＯ9001:2000明确提出过程管理方法,将1994版ＩＳＯ9000标准的要素体系结构管理模式转变为体系的过程管理导向。1什么是过程管理方法将输入转化为输出的任何活动或操作均可看作为一个过程,几乎所有的活动和操作均可作为过程对待,几乎所有的活动和操作(包括制造产品或提供服务)都是过程。为了实现组织的职能,必须规定和管理众多的、相互联系的过程,通常一个过程的输出将直接形成另一个过程的输入,系统地识别和管理组织中所运用的各种过程,尤其注重过程之间的接口,就是过程管理方法。ＩＳＯ9001:2000标准正是基于这样一种过程管理方法,目的…     

ISO 9001 certification in the American Continent: a statistical analysis and modelling

The ISO 9001 standard is considered as an effective tool to support a quality management system (QMS). A steady growth in the number of ISO 9001 issued certificates is observed worldwide, confirming the interest of companies in this approach. However, information regarding this behaviour over time in the American Continent is scarce. This paper presents a set of qualitative and quantitative analyses related to the ISO 9001 certification (globally and at the country level of the Americas), the use of this standard in countries that were part of the ISO Survey 2011 and modelling the ISO 9001 certification for American countries, in order to characterise through mathematical models, the evolution of the certification process and to identify factors that influence the ISO 9001 issued certificates in the various countries analysed. Based on the work developed, a positive relationship was found between the number of issued certificates in each country per 1000 inhabitants and the indicators of economic development (Gross National Income Per Capita). It is determined that the total reserves of a country is an economic variable that directly affects the number of issued certificates, a finding not observed in other forecasting models.     

A statistical average algorithm for the dynamic compound inverse problem

 A new method named as Statistical Average Algorithm is developed for solving the structural dynamic compound inverse problem, which means to identify structural parameters with unknown input or to inverse input time history with unknown structural parameters. By taking the mechanical characteristic of the ground motion as an additional condition, an iterative algorithm based on the least-squares technique is developed so that the input process and structural parameters can be correctly determined using only output measurements. The procedure of the proposed method is discussed in detail, and a mathematical proof is presented as well in the appendix. A practical input situation such as earthquake, ambient vibration is considered in the numerical examples to verify the accuracy, reliability and robustness of the proposed algorithm. Considering the background of the practical application, both of the noise-free and noise-included output responses are considered in the numerical examples. In all cases, the proposed method identifies the structural parameters and reconstructs the input process rationally. Received: 12 March 2001 / Accepted: 16 September 2002     

Application of Bayesian statistical decision theory for a maintenance optimization problem

Reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) is a rational approach that can be used to identify the equipment of facilities that may turn out to be critical with respect to safety, to availability, or to maintenance costs. Is is dor these critical pieces of equipment alone that a corrective (one waits for a failure) or preventive (the type and frequency are specified) maintenance policy is established.But this approach has limitations:

• •when there is little operating feedback and it concerns rare events affecting a piece of equipment judged critical on a priori grounds (how is it possible, in this case, to decide whether or not it is critical, since there is conflict between the gravity of the potential failure and its frequency?);

• •when the aim is propose an optimal maintenance frequency for a critical piece of equipment - changing the maintenance frequency hitherto applied may cause a significant drift in the observed reliability of the equipment, an aspect not generally taken into account in the RCM approach.

In these two situations, expert judgments can be combined with the available operating feedback (Bayesian approach) and the combination of risk of failure and economic consequences taken into account (statistical decision theory) to achieve a true optimization of maintenance policy choices.This paper presents an application on the maintenace of diesel generator component.     

A statistical study on nanoparticle movements in a microfluidic channel

Microfluidic channels have received much attention because they can be used to control and transport nanoscale objects such as nanoparticles, nanowires, carbon nanotubes, DNA and cells. However, so far, practical channels have not been easy to design because they require very expensive fabrication and sensitive experiments. Numerical approaches can be alternatives or supplementary measures to predict the performance of new channels because they efficiently explain nanoscale multi-physics phenomena and successfully solve nanowire alignment and cell adhesion problems. In this paper, a newly updated immersed finite element method that accounts for collision force and Brownian motion as well as fluid-solid interaction is proposed, and is applied to simulate nanoparticle movements in a microfluidic channel. As part of the simulation, Brownian motion effects in a single nanoparticle focusing lens system are examined under different temperature conditions, and the resulting transport efficiencies are discussed. Furthermore, nanoparticle movements in a double focusing lens system are predicted to show the enhancement of focusing efficiency.     

改进双采率统计方法的探讨

本文分析了现行双采率统计的产品品种法和产品标准法存在的缺陷 ,提出了在双采率统计中应注重经济因素的原则。并探讨了双采率统计的经济规模法理论 ,给出了运用这种方法的具体统计步骤。针对不同统计对象的较大差异性 ,采取以其经济规模作为权重因子进行整合的方法 ,具有较大的应用范围和价值 ,可用以弥补和改进为数众多的统计方法的缺陷。     

Scheduling methods for the statistical setup adjustment problem: a correction and clarification

In semi-automated workshops producing small or medium runs, the human factor plays a preeminent role in the decision making process. A computerized management is sought nonetheless, considering the great number of items to maintain. In this context, classical scheduling tools using optimization techniques are not flexible enough to provide a feasible plan. Cooperative scheduling, which means a collaboration between a human operator and a system, constitutes a promising alternative for managing production. In this paper, the authors present a methodology to implement cooperative scheduling. It is based on the converging of a top-down approach to functional design and a bottom-up approach to the cognitive design of human-computer interaction. The top-down approach relies on a constraint-based analysis that aims at providing a set of feasible schedules for decision making. The bottom-up approach consists of a knowledge acquisition phase, essentially using brainwriting techniques. An industrial application in an aircraft company has been investigated. The emphasis is on the processing-order release function in a flanging shop which resulted, through constraint logic programming, in a mock-up of a cooperative system.     

论企业技术创新组合

江泽民主席在谈到国有企业改革问题时指出,要加强国有企业的技术创新,加快以企业为中心的技术创新体系的建设步伐,促进科技与经济的结合。从我国各地的实践来看,建立以企业为中心的技术创新体系有以下几个主要特征:1从体系创新所要实现的目标来看,技术创新体系的建设是要使国家重点企业和优势企业形成超前5～10年的自主创新能力,从而带动企业技术装备水平、工艺能力、产品质量和花色品种规格更上一层楼。2从体系创新所要形成的布局来看,要从根本上转变以国家为创新主体的局面,把研究与发展力量70%～80%在国家的布局特征,转变为70%～80%的研…