刺五加提取物对断奶仔猪氨基酸消化吸收的影响

试验选用体重相近的21日龄断奶的三元杂交仔猪60头，按完全区组设计分为3个处理，处理1饲喂添加0.10%刺五加提取物日粮，处理2饲喂添加0.02％硫酸粘杆菌素日粮，处理3饲喂基础日粮. 分别于添加后第7、14和28 d每个处理随机取5头试猪，前腔静脉采血，测定血清游离氨基酸含量；采血后的试猪经麻醉处死，取回肠末端食糜测定其中的氨基酸含量. 结果表明，随着饲喂时间的延长，刺五加提取物显著提高仔猪血清中游离氨基酸的含量，降低回肠食糜中氨基酸的含量. 提示刺五加提取物可促进断奶仔猪对蛋白质的消化，增加小肠对氨基酸的吸收，有助于仔猪的生长.     

中草药对仔猪生长性能和血清生化参数的影响

试验选用21日龄断奶的三元杂交（杜洛克×长白×大约克）仔猪60头，按完全区组设计分为3组，处理1饲喂添加0.2%中草药复方添加剂日粮，处理2饲喂添加0.02％硫酸粘杆菌素日粮，处理3饲喂基础日粮。饲喂一定时间后考察仔猪生长性能、腹泻指数、血清生化参数和器官指数等指标的变化。结果表明，中草药复方添加剂能提高仔猪ADG，降低F/G(P<0.05)，防治断奶仔猪腹泻效果强于硫酸粘杆菌素（P<0.05）；该添加剂还能提高血清TP, ALB和TCHO含量以及GOT, GPT, AMY和LPS活性，降低GLU和TG含量以及CK活性。上述结果提示，本试验所用中草药复方添加剂能够缓解仔猪断奶应激，增强机体抵抗力，促进生长。     

绿色杆菌对小鼠营养状况的影响

肠道微生物系统由多种多样的细菌构成,这些细菌对宿主的物质代谢、生长发育、繁殖和衰老等有重要影响。胃肠道益生菌是一种能够通过改善肠道微生态平衡而促进动物胃肠道功能的一类微生物。本实验应用动物实验方法对实验组小鼠饲喂含有绿色杆菌的日粮14天后,通过测量每日小鼠的增重变化以及盲肠内肠球菌的数量变化研究绿色杆菌对小鼠营养状况和胃肠道微生物区系的影响。实验结果表明,和对照组小鼠相比,在其他饲养条件均相同的条件下,实验前后实验组小鼠体重增长较多,脂肪层厚度比对照组较厚;实验组小鼠肠道内肠球菌数目比对照组少。结果提示食物中补充绿色杆菌可促进营养物质的吸收也可调节宿主肠道中的菌群。     

大米糖浆替代乳糖对早期断奶仔猪血液生化及激素指标的影响

旨在研究大米糖浆取代乳糖后对早期断奶仔猪血液生化及激素指标的影响。方法是采用7d断奶的二元杂交仔猪（长白×大白）32头,随机分为2个处理组,每组16头,每组设16个重复,每个重复1只。日粮成分除乳糖水平外（对照组和处理组分别为43.5%和0%）,其他成分均一致。试验期14d,分别于试验第7天和第14天每组随机抽取5头,颈静脉采血制备血清。结果表明,14d处理组的胆固醇显著低于对照组（p<0.05）,而在21d对照组与处理组间差异不显著（p>0.44）。14d和21d对照组血清总蛋白、总甘油三酯、尿素氮及胰岛素与处理组间差异均不显著（p>0.05）。14d对照组与处理组间血清胃泌素水平差异不显著（p>0.05）,21d对照组血清胃泌素水平显著高于处理组（p<0.05）。14d对照组T3水平显著高于处理组（p<0.05）,21d T3水平对照组与处理组间差异均不显著（p>0.05）。14d对照组血清T4水平比处理组高,但差异不显著（p>0.05）,21d对照组血清T4水平极显著高于处理组（p<0.01）。综合分析认为,乳糖具有促进早期断奶仔猪肠道吸收胆固醇的作用,但对早期断奶仔猪的脂肪和蛋白质代谢没有影响,此外胃可能不是早期断奶仔猪消化乳糖的主要部位,低乳糖水平及大米糖浆具有降低胃PH的作用。     

一个新型湖羊瘤胃木聚糖酶基因的克隆和鉴定

构建了一个湖羊瘤胃未培养微生物的Fosmid宏基因组文库,获得了12,000个克隆,文库外源DNA总容量为3.6×108 bp,筛选得到2个表达内切-1,4-β-木聚糖酶活性的克隆,并对其中的一个克隆UMXYL2进行亚克隆。结果表明存在一个完整的全长为1086 bp的ORF,编码一个可能的内切-1,4-β-木聚糖酶基因UMXYL2-1-1(accession No.FJ814702)。Blastp分析得知UMXYL2-1-1的编码产物与产琥珀酸丝状杆菌Fibrobacter succinogenes(accession No.AAA21848.1)的内切-1,4-β-木聚糖酶同源性最高,氨基酸序列相似性为67%,属于糖基水解酶家族11的成员。遗传进化分析表明UMXYL2-1-1基因可能是来自湖羊瘤胃微生物丝状杆菌属一个未培养的种。     

半乳甘露寡糖和金霉素对育肥猪生长性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标和猪肉品质的影响

将48头育肥猪（杜×长×大）随机分为两组，每组三个重复，在同一玉米－豆粕型基础日粮中分别添加0.1%半乳甘露寡糖(GMOS)和50mg/Kg 金霉素(CTC)，进行了46天的对比试验。饲养试验结束后从两个处理的每个重复分别选择一头阉公猪屠宰，结果表明1）生长性能：基础日粮添加0.1% GMOS与添加50mg/Kg CTC相比较，平均日增重提高10.2%（P<0.05），平均日采食量降低25.2%（P<0.01），料肉比下降13.2%（P<0.01）；2）屠宰性能：基础日粮添加 0.1%的GMOS与添加50mg/Kg的CTC相比较，背膘厚下降了15.6%，皮厚下降了11.5%，瘦肉率提高了2.94%，但经统计分析，差异均不显著(P>0.05)；3）血清生化指标：与添加50mg/Kg的CTC相比，基础日粮添加0.1%的GMOS可使育肥猪血清中的血糖水平升高120%（P<0.05），胆固醇水平下降3.86% (P>0.05)，甘油三脂水平下降42.6% (P>0.05)；4）猪肉品质：与添加50mg/Kg的金霉素相比，基础日粮添加0.1%的GMOS可显著降低肉中吲哚的含量（P<0.05），对其它肉质指标无显著影响。     

Effect of induced protein malnutrition and subsequent rehabilitation on the biochemical profile of pancreas of rats

A condition of malnutrition was induced in rats during post weaning stage, by feeding rats with diet containing low protein and high carbohydrate viz. diet with 25% protein [Group I-control rats]. diet with 9% protein [Group II-moderately malnourished] and diet with 6% protein [Group III-severely malnourished]. The rats were sacrified on 21st day. 35th day.42nd day and 90th day. As compared to control rats, somatic weight and pancreatic weight of group II rats was 55 to 80% and 50 to 80% while group III rats were only 50 to 70% and 30 to 40%, respectively. A decrease in cell number, as well as, cell size was evident in malnourished rats from their DNA[10 to 20% of control] and protein [20 to 70% of control] content.. At adulthood, activity of trypsin declined and was 86 and 64% of controls respectively, in groups II and III, while amylase and lipase activities registered a rise at 35 d followed by a decline there after. Malnourished rats were fed the 25% protein diet for 2 weeks after each period of malnutrition, inorder to see the extent of recovery subsequent to induction of a state of malnutrition. Recovery of somatic weight and weight of the pancreas were maximum when the duration of malnutrition was short i.e. following 35 days, recovery being more in group III than group II. Recovery of DNA and protein content was independent of each other. In malnourished rats trypsin activity increased, amylase activity showed a decline, and lipase activity did not respond to the nutritional rehabilitation.     

Using PacBio sequencing to investigate the effects of treatment with lactic acid bacteria or antibiotics on cow endometritis

BackgroundEndometritis is the most common disease of dairy cows and traditionally treated with antibiotics. Lactic acid bacteria can inhibit the growth of pathogens and also have potential for treatment of endometritis. Using PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing technology, we sequenced the full-length l6S rRNA of the microbiota in uterine mucus samples from 31 cows with endometritis, treated with lactic acid bacteria (experimental [E] group) and antibiotics (control [C] group) separately. Microbiota profiles taken before and after treatment were compared.ResultsAfter both treatments, bacterial species richness was significantly higher than before, but there was no significant difference in bacterial diversity. Abundance of some bacteria increased after both lactic acid bacteria and antibiotic treatment: Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus raffinolactis, Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Pseudomonas veronii. The bacterial species that significantly decreased in abundance varied depending on whether the cows had been treated with lactic acid bacteria or antibiotics. Abundance of Staphylococcus equorum and Treponema brennaborense increased after lactic acid bacteria treatment but decreased after antibiotic treatment. According to COG-based functional metagenomic predictions, 384 functional proteins were significantly differently expressed after treatment. E and C group protein expression pathways were significantly higher than before treatment (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIn this study, we found that lactic acid bacteria could cure endometritis and restore a normal physiological state, while avoiding the disadvantages of antibiotic treatment, such as the reductions in abundance of beneficial microbiota. This suggests that lactic acid bacteria treatment has potential as an alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of endometritis in cattle.How to cite: Yang L, Huang W, Yang C, et al. Using PacBio sequencing to investigate the effects of treatment with lactic acid bacteria or antibiotics on cow endometritis. Electron J Biotechnol 2021:51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.02.004     

施肥前后稻田土壤中微生物多样性的PCR-DGGE分析

通过测坑定位试验,研究了3种施肥处理下稻田土壤微生物多样性变化。试验结果表明,有机肥能提高土壤微生物的丰富度和多样性。施肥后,稻田上层土壤的土壤微生物群落结构发生了明显的改变。有机肥处理的土壤DNA丰富度最大,为19;无机肥处理的最小,为14。3种施肥处理的DNA序列Shannon-Weaver指数分别为:混施肥处理1.85,有机肥处理2.30和无机肥处理1.60,均匀度指数分别为:混施肥处理0.73,有机肥处理0.82和无机肥处理0.64。上层土壤中,无机肥处理和混施肥处理的微生物多样性相似系数为79%,而施用有机肥的处理与混施肥处理、无机肥处理的相似系数为62%,这表明施用有机肥能明显改变稻田土壤微生物的种群结构。下层土壤各处理仍然具有较高的相似性。     

浙江省12个主栽茭白品种亲缘关系的RAPD分析

采用RAPD技术构建了12个浙江主栽茭白品种的RAPD指纹图谱。利用河姆渡双季茭作为模板从50个随机引物中筛选出稳定且多态性高的7个引物用于茭白DNA的PCR扩增,共产生45条DNA片段,平均每个引物的扩增带为6.4条,其中15条扩增带具有遗传多样性。约占总DNA片段的33.3％。利用相似性聚类分析对PCR扩增产物进行二态性数据分析,结果表明,在相似系数2.1处可以将12个茭白品种分为5个聚类群,其中9个浙江本地品种间的遗传距离较近。初步结果也表明,单季茭与双季茭间的遗传差异比同一类型中茭白品种间的差异显著。     

不同来源葛根遗传多样性ISSR分析

对采自广西、云南、江西、湖北4省共11份葛根种质资源进行了ISSR多态性及聚类分析。结果表明,从90个ISSR引物中筛选出12个引物,共扩增到98条带,平均每个引物可扩增5.67条多态性DNA片段,其中多态性带有68条,多态性比率为69.39%,遗传相似性系数范围为0.65-1.00。经UPCMA聚类分析,将11份葛根资源分为2个大组,4个亚组。11份葛根材料的遗传相似性较高,可为葛根种质鉴别、选育及合理利用提供参考。     

Anti-Atherosclerotic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Curcumin on Hypercholesterolemic Male Rabbits

Curcumin has a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may suppress inflammatory component of atherosclerosis. It has been demonstrated that curcumin derivatives can reduce the formation of arterial fatty streaks in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Therefore in this study we evaluated the protective effects of Curcumin on the progression of atherosclerosis. 20 mature rabbits were included for this study; they were randomly divided into four groups each of 5. Group 1: (normal control) were fed corn pellets diet and tab water, group 2: (high cholesterol diet control) were kept on cholesterol rich diet (2% cholesterol) and tab water. Group 3: (cholesterol and rosuvastatin treated group) were kept on cholesterol rich diet (2% cholesterol) and 2.5 mg/kg/day Rosuvastatin dispersed in DW and given orally, group 4: (cholesterol and curcumin treated group) were kept on cholesterol rich diet (2% cholesterol) and 0.2% curcumin added with corn pellets. The study continued for 12 weeks then assessment of serum level of high sensitive C-reactive protein, ICAM1, VCAM1 and PCSK9 was carried out at the end of the study. Total antioxidant activity of curcumin was also determined. Histopathological examination of aortic tissues for atherosclerotic changes was also carried out. Atherogenic (cholesterol rich diet) induced an increment in serum level of TC, LDL, VLDL and TG with concomitant decrement in serum level of HDL and increased atherogenic index. Treatment with curcumin produced substantial reduction in serum TC, LDL, TG with no effect on HDL level thus decreased atherogenic index. Rabbits treated with curcumin showed a significant reduction in the serum level of high sensitive C-reactive protein, ICAM1, VCAM, PCSK9 serum expression and aortic total antioxidant capacity. Curcumin has a potent anti-inflammatory and anti- oxidant effects against atherosclerosis so exerts a protective role by decreasing lipid oxidation and inflammatory markers.     

用RAPD技术探讨中国枣的种下划分

利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对14个枣Ziziphus jujuba 品种和1个野生种——泰山酸枣Z．spinosus的遗传变异进行了研究。从120个10-碱基随机引物中筛选出37个多态性引物用于正式扩增，共扩增出429条DNA带，其中多态性带214条，占49．88％。根据DNA扩增结果计算了品种及类型间遗传距离，并用UPGMA构建了聚类树状图。分析结果表明：龙爪枣 Z．jujuba var．tortuosa、葫芦枣 Z. jujuba var．lageniformis、无核枣 Z.jujuba var．anucleatus 等几个变种内的遗传距离大于变种间遗传距离，认为枣的变种划分是不自然的，宜并入其原变种；枣种下不宜设变种，对枣种下的众多品种，应根据品种间的遗传关系，直接划分品种群。     

Genetic analysis of Penthorum chinense Pursh by improved RAPD and ISSR in China

BackgroundPenthorum chinense Pursh (P. chinense) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plant, which has long been used for the prevention and treatment of hepatic diseases. This study aimed to genetically characterize the varieties of P. chinense from different geographic localities of China by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR technique and verified with inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers.ResultsThe P. chinense samples were collected from nine different geographic localities. Previously improved RAPD and ISSR markers were utilized for genetic analysis using DNA amplification. The genetic relationship dendrogram was obtained by conducting cluster analysis to the similarity coefficient of improved RAPD and ISSR markers. Improved RAPD yielded 185 scorable amplified products, of which 68.6% of the bands were polymorphic, with an average amplification of 9.25 bands per primer. The ISSR markers revealed 156 alleles with 7.8 bands per primers, where 59.7% bands were polymorphic. Furthermore, the similarity coefficient ranges of RAPD and ISSR markers were 0.71–0.91 and 0.66–0.89, respectively.ConclusionsThis study indicated that improved RAPD and ISSR methods are useful tools for evaluating the genetic diversity and characterizing P. chinense. Our findings can provide the theoretical basis for cultivar identification, standardization, and molecular-assisted breeding of P. chinense for medicinal use.     

Urinary Organic Acids Quantitated in a Healthy North Indian Pediatric Population

Human urine gives evidence of the metabolism in the body and contains numerous organic acids and other compounds at a variety of concentration. The concentration of organic acids in urine varies from population to population due to genotype, food habits and other epigenetic and environmental influences. Knowledge of the reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy pediatric population is very important for critical evaluation. This study was designed to quantify 16 organic acids in a healthy north Indian pediatric population. Early morning urine samples from healthy pediatric subjects of age 1 day to 16 years who did not have symptoms of any disease were analyzed for organic acid content. The children were not on any supplemental vitamins or drugs and were on a free and unrestricted diet. The creatinine concentration of each sample was determined before organic acid analysis. Organic acids were extracted from urine with ethyl acetate, extracted residue was air dried, converted into trimethylsilyl derivatives and analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Here we reported the age wise mean values and standard deviations for each compound, adjusted for creatinine content (mmol/mol of creatinine). We found the concentration of most of the metabolites are higher in our population in comparison to other populations. Such data may help to provide a basis for diagnosing metabolic abnormalities in patients in a specific ethnicity.