叶轮机械叶片颤振的影响参数

采用基于能量法的流固耦合数值预测方法对比研究了几个主要参数对叶轮机械叶片气动弹性稳定性的影响规律,并较深入地阐述了叶片颤振发作机理.以某型发动机第一级压气机叶片为例,在叶片的不同模态下,通过给定不同的进出口边界条件分别研究了叶片模态和叶间相位角对叶轮机械气动弹性稳定性的影响,并从叶片吸力面激波以及波后分离区共同作用的角度解释了叶轮机械叶片的颤振发作机理.计算结果表明:叶片模态和叶间相位角对叶轮机械叶片的颤振有关键性的影响,而吸力面激波以及波后分离区是导致叶片颤振发作的重要因素.      

含不确定参数的复合材料壁板热颤振分析

研究了含有不确定结构参数的壁板颤振问题,利用vonKarman大变形应变-位移关系、气动力活塞理论和准定常热应力理论建立了复合材料壁板颤振的气动弹性力学模型,考虑在壁板颤振分析模型中存在的不确定参数,将其用区间向量定量化,基于区间扩张理论和Taylor级数展开,并结合有限元计算方法,提出了区间分析的方法来估计含有不确定参数的壁板结构颤振临界风速的区间,以及发生极限环振动时振幅的变化区间。通过数值算例,将本文提出的壁板颤振的区间有限元模型与随机有限元模型进行了比较,显示了本文方法的有效性和可行性。这种方法的优点是只需要知道不确定参数的所在范围界限,为解决含有不确定参数的壁板颤振这类复杂的气动弹性动力学问题提供了一个途径。     

某战斗机高速全模颤振风洞试验研究

为了验证高速风洞全模颤振试验技术以及获取某战斗机颤振安全边界,运用风洞试验的方法研究了某战斗机全模颤振特性,重点考察了模型在支撑系统上的稳定性、安全性以及典型颤振特性。结果表明:采用悬浮支撑系统可以使颤振模型具有除轴向以外的5个方向的运动自由度以及较好的稳定性和安全性;跨声速时的非线性气动力与速压较高时的结构非线性对全机颤振特性有较大影响,导致模态参数与颤振稳定性参数随速压呈非线性变化;振动波形图显示了该模型颤振形式为缓和型颤振,验证了模型设计时的计算结果。     

整体叶盘叶片自动化抛光颤振抑制技术

基于研制的自动化抛光系统,针对整体叶盘叶片抛光加工的颤振问题,分析了颤振后叶片表面的几何形貌。结合整体叶盘叶片自动化抛光系统,阐述了抛光颤振机理。基于颤振机理确定了编程技术优化、抛光参数优化、提高系统刚性等3种抛光颤振抑制技术,获得了优化后的刀轴方向、抛光轨迹、抛光参数及工艺填充方法。经试验验证,颤振现象,叶片波纹度、平均误差、表面粗糙度等减小,表面质量得到较大提升,颤振痕迹明显消除。     

基于CFD/CSD耦合的叶轮机叶片失速颤振计算

为了研究叶轮机叶片的失速颤振特性,发展了一种计算流体力学与计算结构力学(CFD/CSD)时域耦合方法。该方法通过每一物理时刻CFD和CSD的循环迭代实现了耦合计算。在CFD分析中,采用鲁棒性较好的空间离散格式AUSM+-UP,并基于延迟脱体涡模型(DDES)模拟了带分离流动。在结构分析中,通过模态法构建了旋转叶片动力学方程并运用杂交多步方法进行求解。以孤立转子Rotor37为例,计算了不同工况下流场总体与细节参数,与实验结果的对比验证了CFD算法的精度。对某转子叶片进行了颤振特性研究,计算所得的广义位移时间响应曲线表明该叶片在近失速工况下会发生失速颤振,其表现形式为一阶弯曲模态发散且各阶模态之间不耦合。分析表明,流场不稳定和非定常效应是引起失速颤振的关键因素,同时折合频率的降低也会导致原本气动弹性稳定的叶片发生失速颤振。     

宽弦风扇叶片颤振预测的工程研究

为研究宽弦复合弯掠风扇叶片的颤振问题,以及适用于工程设计的颤振预测方法,分别采用经验法和数值模拟方法,对大涵道比风扇性能试验件叶片进行颤振预测,并将预测结果与试验结果进行对比,考察颤振预测方法的准确性和实用性。对比过程中,分析了颤振发生的机理,提出了抑制颤振的手段。结果表明:两种方法都准确地预测了风扇转子叶片发生的颤振,与试验现象吻合,计算量在可接受范围内,具备工程实用价值。     

基于CFD技术的高效叶栅耦合颤振分析方法

为了考虑叶轮机叶片结构与流体之间的耦合效应,同时提高叶轮机颤振数值研究的效率,发展了一种基于非定常气动力降阶模型(ROM)的叶栅耦合颤振分析方法。该方法运用时域计算流体力学(CFD)技术计算少数几个叶片的非定常气动力,通过系统辨识及一些假设构建整个叶栅振动的非定常气动力降阶模型,并在状态空间耦合叶栅结构动力学方程建立叶栅气动弹性方程,采用特征值和时域仿真分析该系统稳定性。运用该降阶耦合方法对STCF4(Standard Test Configuration 4)以及NASA Rotor67叶栅系统的稳定性进行了计算。通过与直接计算流体力学/计算结构动力学(CFD/CSD)耦合方法和非耦合方法计算结果的比较验证了该方法的准确性,且该降价耦合方法的计算效率相对于直接CFD/CSD耦合方法提高了1~2个量级,为叶轮机气动弹性参数研究、失谐研究以及多模态耦合计算等提供了便利。     

高超声速飞行器热颤振研究现状与展望

高超声速飞行器在飞行过程中承受严酷的气动载荷以及气动加热,因此其结构在设计中要充分考虑气动力及气动热效应引起的结构动稳定性和动响应等问题,热颤振是其中较为关键的一环。本文梳理了热颤振研究的发展历程,总结了用于热颤振研究的多种现有方法,包括热模态试验、热颤振仿真分析以及风洞试验等。在此基础上,进一步分析了可用于热颤振研究...     

变弯度机翼参数化气动弹性建模与颤振特性分析

变体飞行器在变体过程中结构质量、刚度和阻尼特性会发生显著变化，导致其气动弹性效应十分复杂。如何高效、准确预测变体过程颤振边界是变体机翼结构动力学设计的难点问题之一。现有的非参数化气动弹性建模方法仅能针对单一变体构型进行颤振分析，对变构型的颤振需重复建模，效率低下且可能存在颤振边界丢失问题。针对后缘连续变弯度的变体机翼颤振分析问题，提出了一种参数化气动弹性建模新方法，并综合非定常气动力、流-固耦合插值和气动弹性建模，对变弯度机翼的参变颤振特性进行系统性分析。为验证该参数化建模方法在预测参变颤振特性的准确性，在变弯度机翼的参变模态特征、气动力计算和颤振预测等方面，进行了数值计算与对比研究。仿真结果表明，该方法可高效准确地预测全参数空间内变体机翼的参变颤振特性。     

鲁棒颤振裕度法的应用

介绍了一种新的确定颤振边界的方法——鲁棒颤振裕度法。利用结构奇异值理论将颤振理论模型和试飞数据有机结合起来,进行了颤振边界预测。仿真结果表明,该方法是可行的。     

Parametric study on the flutter sensitivity of a wide-chord hollow fan blade

In recent years, the hollow fan blades have been widely used to meet the demand for light weight and good performance of the aero-engine. However, the relationship between the hollow structure and the aeroelastic stability has not been studied yet in the open literature. In this paper, it has been investigated for an H-shaped hollow fan blade. Before studying the flutter behavior, the methods of parametric modeling and auto-generation of Finite Element Model (FEM) are presented. The influence of the feature parameters on the vibration frequency and mode shape (as the input of flutter calculation) of the first three modes are analyzed by the Orthogonal Experimental Design (OED) method. The results show that the parameters have a more remarkable impact on the first torsional mode and thus it is concerned in the flutter sensitivity analysis. Compared with the solid blade, the minimum aerodynamic damping of the hollow blade decreases, indicating that the hollow structure makes the aeroelastic stability worse. For the parameters describing the hollow section, the rib number N has the greatest influence on the minimum aerodynamic damping, followed by the wall thickness W₅. For the parameters in the height of hollow segment, the aerodynamic damping increases with the increase of parameters M₁ and M₂. This means that reducing the height of the hollow segment is helpful to improve the aeroelastic stability. Compared with the impact of parameters in hollow section, the variation of aerodynamic damping caused by the height of the hollow segment is small.     

Variations of flutter mechanism of a span-morphing wing involving rigid-body motions

The present paper aims to reveal the significance of rigid-body motions for the flutter mechanism of a span-morphing wing model. The inclusion of rigid-body motions into aeroelastic formulation and flutter analysis is presented. A state-space aeroelastic equation combining the dynamics of stepped Euler-Bernoulli beam with unsteady strip aerodynamic theory is developed by quasi-static modeling. Using a numerical example, variations of flutter mechanism from the bending-torsional flutter to the body-freedom flutter are observed as the span increases. In addition, effects of some dimensionless parameters on the variations of flutter mechanism are investigated. The investigated parameters belonging to the fuselage have limited influences on the bending-torsional flutter but a significant impact on the body-freedom flutter.     

Recent advance in nonlinear aeroelastic analysis and control of the aircraft

A review on the recent advance in nonlinear aeroelasticity of the aircraft is presented in this paper. The nonlinear aeroelastic problems are divided into three types based on different research objects, namely the two dimensional airfoil, the wing, and the full aircraft. Different non- linearities encountered in aeroelastic systems are discussed firstly, where the emphases is placed on new nonlinear model to describe tested nonlinear relationship. Research techniques, especially new theoretical methods and aeroelastic flutter control methods are investigated in detail. The route to chaos and the cause of chaotic motion of two-dimensional aeroelastic system are summarized. Var- ious structural modeling methods for the high-aspect-ratio wing with geometric nonlinearity are dis- cussed. Accordingly, aerodynamic modeling approaches have been developed for the aeroelastic modeling of nonlinear high-aspect-ratio wings. Nonlinear aeroelasticity about high-altitude long- endurance （HALE） and fight aircrafts are studied separately. Finally, conclusions and the chal- lenges of the development in nonlinear aeroelasticity are concluded. Nonlinear aeroelastic problems of morphing wing, energy harvesting, and flapping aircrafts are proposed as new directions in the future.     

Robust fault-tolerant control for wing flutter under actuator failure

Many control laws, such as optimal controller and classical controller, have seen their applications to suppressing the aeroelastic vibrations of the aeroelastic system. However, those control laws may not work effectively if the aeroelastic system involves actuator faults. In the current study for wing flutter of reentry vehicle, the effect of actuator faults on wing flutter system is rarely considered and few of the fault-tolerant control problems are taken into account. In this paper, we use the radial basis function neural network and the finite-time H_∞ adaptive fault-tolerant control technique to deal with the flutter problem of wings, which is affected by actuator faults, actuator saturation, parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. The theory of this article includes the modeling of wing flutter and fault-tolerant controller design. The stability of the finite-time adaptive fault-tolerant controller is theoretically proved. Simulation results indicate that the designed fault-tolerant flutter controller can effectively deal with the faults in the flutter system and can promptly suppress the wing flutter as well.     

基于本征方程的柔性机翼非线性颤振分析

柔性机翼在气动载荷作用下常常会产生较大的变形,颤振特性会随之发生变化,针对此问题线性理论常常难以进行合理的预测。以几何精确本征梁模型建立了机翼的运动方程,耦合ONERA-EDlin非线性气动模型,建立了柔性机翼的非线性气动弹性分析模型。利用Newton-Raphson和Backward-Differentiation-Formula(BDF)分别求解机翼的静态变形和动态响应,基于机翼平衡位置附近的线性化方程来判断系统的稳定性,进而确定颤振临界速度。通过算例验证了模型的准确性,并分析了不同刚度、后掠角、机翼安装角等参数对颤振速度的影响。     

压气机风扇叶片颤振预测和抑制的工程研究

通过能量法对某压气机风扇试验件叶片原型方案进行气弹稳定性预测,计算出该方案的颤振边界点.对其中气弹不稳定叶片的几何造型进行修改以提高气弹稳定性.通过原型和改型方案的叶片几何造型、气动性能、振动特性以及气弹稳定性的对比,从气动角度分析了压气机风扇叶片颤振的机理.获得了工程上抑制压气机风扇叶片颤振的有效手段,如增大叶片弦长、降低展弦比,增大叶片厚度、增强叶片刚性,减小攻角、改善流动状况.      

Aeroelastic stability of cascades in turbomachinery

State-of-the-art prediction of the aeroelastic stability of cascades in axial-flow turbomachines is reviewed. The first main chapter of the article presents a comprehensive formulation of the two- and three-dimensional classical (unstalled) flutter problem of tuned and mistuned rotor blade rows and bladed disc assemblies. Within the framework of linearized analysis, a complete and generalized theory in modal form is outlined, comprising the various formulations of the cascade flutter problem distributed in fragments throughout the literature. Brief outlines are also made of recent advances in unsteady aero-dynamic methods for turbomachinery aeroelastic applications. The second main chapter contains a parametric study of the classical flutter stability characteristics of compressor and turbine cascades in subsonic and supersonic flow. Stability boundaries and dominant trends in flutter behaviour are outlined, and the significant effects of blade mistuning on the aeroelastic stability of turbomachine bladings are highlighted.     

Hypersonic flutter and flutter suppression system of a wind tunnel model

The aeroelastic behavior of a thin flat rudder model was numerically simulated and experimentally investigated in a hypersonic wind tunnel. In particular, a flutter suppression system taking advantage of collision within small gaps was proposed and a novel system for the flutter simulation of the whole nonlinear aeroelastic system including the flutter suppression system was developed. First, the critical flutter dynamic pressure of the rudder without the flutter suppression system was calculated with different methods. Then, the whole nonlinear aeroelastic system, including theflutter suppression system, was simulated to design the gap size. Finally, the flutter suppression system was experimentally validated in a hypersonic wind tunnel operating at Mach number 5. The typical phenomenon of Limit Cycle Oscillation(LCO) was observed, avoiding the structural failure of the model and the consistency between numerical and experimental results was demonstrated.The proposed suppression system can improve the design and reusability of test models of hypersonic flutter experiments.     

跨音弯掠风扇转子叶片的气动弹性剪裁

跨音风扇进口级增压比的进一步提高,主要受两方面的制约,一是效率,二是气动弹性失稳。这两个因素与转子流场中的激波和激波诱导的大尺度分离紧密相关。激波结构又和转子叶片前缘空间曲线形状直接联系。因此,如何精心设计转子叶片前缘空间曲线形状来控制激波结构,就成了当代风扇气动力学的前沿,并导致风扇弯掠空气动力学概念的出现。在具体设计中,此问题可称之为气动与气动弹性综合剪裁。本文简述综合剪裁中的一个组成部分,即气动弹性剪裁问题,并对一个单级风扇转子叶片给出实例。