断裂应力特征及其转折控油气规律研究——以南堡凹陷为例

为了分析断裂对油气宏观分布规律的控制作用,寻找有勘探潜力的油气富集带,文中以地质力学理论为指导,对南堡凹陷断裂组合应力特征、断裂转折及成因进行解析,并结合砂体分布和古今构造应力场分布特征,对南堡凹陷东营组油气分布规律和有利勘探区带做了研究。结果表明:断裂转折部位对油气分布有着控制作用,东营组已探明的油气主要在帚状断裂系、入字形断裂系、交织式断裂系转折轴部高曲率附近呈环带状分布;断裂转折凹面一侧控油性明显,从宏观上来看,油气具有沿沉积相带由细到粗的构造脊高点以及弧形断裂转折凹面一侧的选择性运移的特征,断裂转折轴部高曲率高孔、高渗域与高孔、高渗砂体沉积相带的有利对置决定了油气的主流向;综合研究指出,南堡凹陷北堡构造带是今后优势勘探的首要区带,其次是南堡构造带和南堡4号蛤坨构造带南部。     

辽河断陷西部凹陷油气成藏主控因素

辽河西部凹陷油气资源非常丰富,通过对己勘探发现的773个油气藏的地质特征参数统计认为,西部凹陷油气藏类型非常丰富,但主要以构造和岩性油气藏为主,且复合油气藏发育,统计表明,近90%的油气藏与断裂有关。油气藏类型受构造带控制作用明显,缓坡带最要以背斜、岩性构造油气藏为主,中央背斜带背斜断块油气藏较为发育,而陡坡带则多为岩性油气藏。沉积相带控油气作用明显,油气藏主要分布在扇三角洲、三角洲和浊积扇相。油气资源在空间上遵循“油气总量平衡模式”,无论在平面上还是层位上,油气资源互补特征性强。研究认为西部凹陷具有生烃洼陷、断裂、异常压力、沉积相带联合控藏的特点。首先沙三段、沙四段有效烃源岩大量发育,资源量极为丰富,为西部凹陷油气富集提供了物质保证,油气藏分布主要受生烃洼陷控制;各组段砂体叠合连片,平面展布连续,具较好的储集能力,也为油气的侧向运移提供的条件;另外东营末期因走滑引起的大量泄压断裂发育,为油气大规模远距离垂向运移提供了可能。     

测井—地化结合法探讨南堡凹陷潜山源控藏作用

渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷潜山已发现数口工业油气流井,深部潜山油气资源丰富,但该区潜山勘探一直存在有利区预测困难的难题。潜山上覆烃源岩的排烃分析可提供潜山油气勘探的重要依据,传统的排烃研究需大量钻井取样与样品分析测试数据,尝试利用声波时差与地球化学结合途径,研究烃源岩的排烃作用并预测有利潜山含油气区。通过对典型井的声波测井与地球化学研究,建立了南堡凹陷声波测井—地球化学指示排烃综合模型,应用该模型对南堡油田33口探井进行了排烃研究。结果表明,南堡油田2号、3号构造带潜山上覆烃源岩下排烃厚度最大、南堡1号构造带局部下排烃,4号与5号构造带潜山上覆烃源岩下排烃作用不太明显。以上排烃分析与目前潜山发现油气的分布相吻合,反映烃源岩对潜山油气有很强的控制作用。南堡凹陷潜山源控藏作用受控于烃源岩与潜山的接触关系、烃源灶位置、烃源岩成熟度、烃源岩中火山岩隔层与断层的发育等多种因素。综合排烃识别结果、源控藏分析等,预测潜山勘探有利区为南堡2-3号构造带,其次为南堡1号构造带。声波测井在排烃中的应用对于潜山油气勘探具有重要意义。     

南堡凹陷高柳地区优质烃源岩特征及其勘探意义

<正>南堡凹陷是渤海湾盆地北部典型富油气凹陷。其中拾场次凹是南堡凹陷主力生烃次凹之一,环次凹周边的高尚堡、柳赞构造带主体构造油气藏已进入高勘探程度。而近几年在高柳老区斜坡带,以岩性油气藏为主要目标,发现了3 000万吨级规模增储区,展示了高柳斜坡区深层的勘探潜力。为进一步落实高柳老区勘探潜力,扩大储量规模,本文在前人研究基础上进一步开展沙三4亚段优质烃源岩研究,进而探讨这     

渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷火山岩特征及其有利成藏条件分析

研究表明,渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷火山岩发育区的岩浆活动热事件促进了烃源岩的早熟,有利于生烃和成藏.其火山岩与烃源岩的三种组合方式,具有良好的油源条件,且多分布在有利的圈闭上,具有油气富集的最基本条件.火山岩储集空间主要为裂缝、微裂缝和粒间溶蚀孔隙等,其发育主要受岩性、粒度、构造应力和充填期四大因素控制,其裂隙主要发育期和油气聚集期相近从而有利于聚油成藏.火山岩型油气藏的勘探将成为南堡凹陷油气储量和产量新的增长点.     

南堡凹陷断层对中、上部含油组合油气成藏的控制作用

南堡凹陷断层极其发育,依据断层形成时期、变形特征及形成演化机制,可将南堡凹陷断裂系统划分6种类型(ⅠⅥ).其中,Ⅲ型、Ⅴ型和Ⅵ型断裂系统是中、上部含油组合的主要断层类型,也是重要的控藏断层类型;Ⅲ型断裂系统为晚期形成的断层,主要对中上部含油组合的油气起封闭或调节作用;Ⅴ型和Ⅵ型断裂系统为长期发育的断层,是油气从源岩层向中浅层储层垂向运移的主要通道.晚期活动断层形成的断层相关圈闭是形成油气藏的主要圈闭类型;晚期形成的断裂密集带控制油气藏的分布;断层分段生长形成的古转换带控制了沉积体系及砂体的展布,控制了油气藏的分布;断层对盖层的破坏程度控制了油气聚集的层位;断层封闭性演化控制了断层圈闭中油气的富集程度.     

南堡凹陷异常压力分布与油气聚集

以实测地层压力为限定,利用声波测井、波阻抗反演数据对南堡凹陷的地层压力进行了分析。结果显示,南堡凹陷在2.8 km以下开始出现较明显的异常压力现象;3 km以下,超压明显,最大压力系数可达1.6。压力异常现象主要出现在古近系东营组中下段以及沙河街组。纵向上,南堡凹陷存在常压带、第一超压带和第二超压带3层结构,中间由致密的岩性段分隔。平面上,剩余压力具有继承性分布特点,古近系剩余压力中心位于林雀次凹和曹妃甸次凹一带,由凹陷中心向周缘的南堡1、2号构造以及老爷庙构造剩余压力逐渐降低。异常压力分布与油气储量分布有明显关系,南堡凹陷已发现的石油储量主要分布于超压带顶部,超压对油气成藏控制作用明显。     

高精度层序格架下的陆相断陷湖盆沉积体系演化:以南堡凹陷老爷庙地区东营组三段为例

南堡凹陷为典型的陆相断陷湖盆,凹陷北部老爷庙地区是油气勘探的重要目标区。充分利用南堡凹陷岩心、测井、三维地震等资料,运用层序地层学及沉积学理论,对南堡凹陷老爷庙地区东营组三段沉积特征及其主控因素进行了研究。结果表明,南堡凹陷老爷庙地区东三段为一完整的三级层序,主要发育扇三角洲、湖泊和浊积扇3种沉积体系类型。从低位体系域(LST)到高位体系域(HST),扇体展布范围呈现"大-小-大"的演化特点,扇三角洲沉积中心总体上由东向西迁移;区内构造活动对沉积体系的分布和演化的控制作用显著,同沉积断裂的活动性差异控制了扇体发育的规模和位置,构造坡折带控制着沉积相带纵向分异特征,构造古地貌单元的空间配置控制着沉积微相的规模和形态;在此基础上,在研究区内识别出梳状断裂式、转换带式、滚动背斜式和多级断阶式4种砂体空间分布样式,对该区沉积模式的建立和有利储集相带的预测都具有重要指导意义。     

准噶尔盆地西缘春光探区岩性油气藏成藏主控因素

准噶尔盆地西缘春光探区具有多层系立体含油特征,单个油气藏规模小、数量多且富集高产,主要发育有冲积扇-河流沉积体系和三角洲沉积体系,以岩性油气藏为主。油气源对比表明,西部稀油和中质油油藏主要为四棵树凹陷油源,东部稀油和稠油油藏主要为昌吉凹陷油源,不整合、厚砂层、断裂构成了春光探区油气运移的立体输导体系,冲积扇、辫状河和三角洲砂体提供了有利的储集空间。油气成藏具"多源供烃、断层纵向输导、毯砂横向输导、砂体尖灭带富集"特点,多源供烃是油气藏富集的基础,"多维度"输导体系是油气成藏的关键,砂体的展布控制着油气富集区带。     

柴达木盆地西部油气成藏主控因素与有利勘探方向

柴达木盆地西部油气资源十分丰富,但由于油气成藏条件复杂,油气成藏的主控因素尚未探明,因此探明率非常低。研究表明,柴达木盆地西部地区油气藏的形成主要受控于喜山晚期构造;有效烃源岩及优质烃源岩发育的次级生烃凹陷控制了油气分布范围;古构造或古斜坡是主要油气富集区;新构造运动期形成的断裂体系及其储、盖组合控制了油气纵向展布位置。油气成藏主控因素及富集规律的认识为该区油气勘探提供了理论支撑,指明近期油气勘探方向,并在油气勘探中取得了明显的效果,近年来控制油气地质储量1亿吨,新增探明油气储量4 000万吨。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of