纳米材料绿色制版技术的版材研究

制版技术是印刷产业的关键技术之一。目前的印刷制版技术主要有激光照排制版技术和计算机直接制版技术。这两项制版技术是基于感光成像原理,需要显影、冲洗等化学处理过程。基于纳米材料的绿色制版技术无需感光成像,省略了显影、冲洗等化学处理过程,是一项环境友好、低成本的制版技术。其中,版材的纳微米结构对印刷质量有重要影响。简要介绍具有纳微米结构的版材的制备过程,通过优化版基制备条件,可以有效提高印版的分辨率和印刷适应性。     

CT、MR技术进展与核医学影像

医学功能影像领域各种新技术层出不穷,已成为多学科交叉的研究热点。特别是CT、MR功能成像技术发展迅速,在中枢神经系统疾病、心血管系统疾病、以及肿瘤诊断中已有较多基础和临床初步应用结果,且部分技术发展前景广阔,这对核医学影像所具有的传统优势在一定程度上带来了冲击或挑战。作为核医学工作者,应主动适应新世纪相关影像设备、技术发展带来的机遇和挑战,不断丰富和拓展核素显像在医学实践中所具有的特色和重要作用,使核素显像能够与其它影像诊断技术形成优势互补之势,才能立于不败之地。     

紫外线(UV)固化技术在数字成像材料中的应用(三)UV固化技术在计算机直接制版(CTP)中的应用

近年来，数字成像技术不断提高和应用范围的迅速推广，也推动了UV固化技术在这一领域的融合和应用，取得了极大的成效，由于UV固化材料具有快速固化、高效、低污染、节能、优质等特点，很快发展成为一种新型的数字成像材料。目前实现产业化的主要有UV喷墨打印、印刷电路版数字化制作、计算机直接制版CTP、立体光刻等四种技术，作者拟分为四个专题予以阐述，本文主要讨论其第三个专题：UV固化技术在计算机直接制版（CTP）中的应用。     

紫外线(UV)固化技术在数字成像材料中的应用(四)UV固化技术在立体光刻中的应用

近年来，数字成像技术不断提高和应用范围的迅速推广，也推动了UV固化技术在这一领域的融合和应用，取得了极大的成效，由于UV固化材料具有快速固化、高效、低污染、节能、优质等特点，很快发展成为一种新型的数字成像材料，目前已实现产业化的主要有UV喷墨打印、计算机直接制版CTP、印刷电路版数字化制作、立体光刻等四种技术，作者拟分为四个专题予以阐述，本文主要讨论其第四个专题：UV固化技术在立体光刻中的应用。     

紫外线(UV)固化技术在数字成像材料中的应用(二)UV固化技术在印刷电路版数字化制作中的应用

近年来,数字成像技术不断提高和应用范围的迅速推广,也推动了UV固化技术在这一领域的融合和应用,取得了极大的成效,由于UV固化材料具有快速固化、高效、低污染、节能、优质等特点,很快发展成为一种新型的数字成像材料,目前已实现产业化的主要有UV喷墨打印、印刷电路版数字化制作、计算机直接制版CTP、立体光刻等四种技术,作者拟分为四个专题予以阐述,本文主要讨论其第二个专题：UV固化技术在印刷电路版数字化制作中的应用.     

探测爆炸物和放射性材料的核技术方法

叙述了采用核技术方法探查隐藏爆炸物和放射性材料的优越性及其特点,重点介绍了8类主动式中子质询技术,对它们探查爆炸物的适用范围进行了剖析,对采用伽玛法的非中子质询技术作了一般性讨论.概括了各类已商用化工业中子源和伽玛射线探测器,论述了它们应用于安检系统的长处和不足.分析了两类典型的隐藏爆炸物安检问题,指出一个理想的爆炸物探查系统应具备的11项特性.介绍了国际上最受重视的伴随粒子成像和脉冲快中子系统的研制进展.简要描述了有别于主动式探查爆炸物的被动式放射性材料探查方法.指出隐藏爆炸物品和放射性物质的检查没有一种方法是万能的,不同场合不同目标需要用不同的技术或联合使用几种技术.     

紫外线(UV)固化技术在数字成像材料中的应用(一)紫外线(UV)喷墨打印

近年来。数字成像技术不断提高和应用范围的迅速推广，也推动了UV固化技术在这一领域的融合和应用。取得了极大的成效，由于UV固化材料具有快速固化、高效、低污染、节能、优质等特点，很快发展成为一种新型的数字成像材料。目前已实现产业化的主要有UV喷墨打印、印刷电路版数字化制作、计算机直接制版CTP、立体光刻等四种技术，作者拟分为四个专胚予以阐述。本文主要讨论其第一个专题：UV喷墨、打印。     

A Review of Architectures and Process Configurations for Electrophotography

This review of present day electrophotographic technology deals primarily with the reproduction of documents. Pictorial electrophotography and xeroradiography using basically similar technology are much less advanced.

The choice of proven photoconductors employed in electrophotography is restricted to a limited number, used in a variety of structures including evaporated, coated and laminated layers on sheets, drums and belts. The interdependence of the photo-conductor type and the configuration of the imaging procedure can be proven in typical examples. An attempt at classification of technologies will however rather be based on the process than on the photoconductor. Specific configurations of each class will be discussed.

An outlook on future developments in technology based on known possibilities and limits of electrophotography is given.     

Technology advances in sugarcane propagation: A patent citation study

Sugarcane propagation technologies have, in recent years, been the focus of interest of large corporations involved in the sugar and ethanol business. The objective of this study is to present the methodology used to identify the technology domain found in different sugarcane propagation technologies. The methodology was based on the bibliometric analysis of patents, including a meticulous selection of the most representative technologies used by the sugarcane market and the application of patent citation. The results report the process developed to identify a novel technology domain of high complexity involving different fields of science resulting in a set of sugar cane propagation technologies and show that the main technology advances have happened in the last decade (2005–2015), especially in seedling containers and the use of chemical compounds for seedling treatment. Further studies are recommended to help understand how these new technologies will impact the sugarcane production-chain in Brazil.     

A review of laser fabrication of metallic engineering components and of materials

Abstract

The state of the art and directions for the future development of two laser based technologies, direct laser fabrication in which powder is fed into the focal point of a laser, and a laser powder bed technology are outlined in this review. The areas in which these technologies have made significant contributions are: the manufacture, directly from powder, of alloys and of functionally graded materials which enables a range of compositions to be assessed rapidly and the manufacture of net shape and the repair of engineering components. It is suggested that rapid assessment of structure/property relationships in a range of compositions will continue to be a useful application of laser fabrication. It is further concluded that the two approaches, direct laser fabrication and laser powder bed will continue to be developed since each has its own advantages and disadvantages; direct laser fabrication is the preferred technique for alloy development work and for component repair but laser bed technology is currently the preferred technology for the manufacture of small components which require a good surface finish. Improvements in surface finish, in dimensional accuracy, in microstructural control and in process control with real time feedback to control properties are nevertheless required if these technologies are to increase their impact in the area of the manufacture of net shape components.     

食用菌采后品质变化及物理保鲜技术研究进展

目的 综述国内外不同物理技术在食用菌保鲜上的研究进展,为进一步提升鲜食食用菌品质及延长其贮藏期提供参考。方法 结合食用菌在贮藏期内出现的品质劣变现象,如褐变软化、水分流失及营养物质消耗等,总结物理保鲜技术（如低温保鲜、气调技术、辐照技术、光照技术、电磁技术等）在食用菌采后的应用,分析不同物理保鲜方法的保鲜机制及应用效果。结论 物理技术可减缓食用菌采后劣变的进程,保持食用菌的新鲜品质,延长其货架期,将在食用菌保鲜上发挥更大的作用。不同的保鲜方式适用于一定的场景,在实际生产中应结合食用菌的特性、操作条件、经济效应,选择适宜的保鲜方式。     

Status and prospects of digital detector technology for CR and DR

Projection radiography is in the middle of the transition from conventional screen-film imaging to digital image acquisition modalities, mainly based on imaging plates (computed radiography, CR) and flat-panel detectors (direct radiography, DR). Cassette-based CR has been available for the past 20 y, and constitutes the major part of direct radiography installations in hospitals today. direct radiography systems based on large-area amorphous silicon active matrix arrays are commercially available for the last 5 y and exist basically in two different types: with scintillators or photoconductors as X-ray conversion material ('indirect' or 'direct' type). direct radiography systems allow for improved image quality and/or dose reduction due to their high detective quantum efficiency and enable faster workflow because of instant image availability. However, new technology developments are improving the performance for CR systems as well, rendering it competitive to direct radiography in many practical aspects. Therefore, it is assumed that the CR and direct radiography systems will coexist for many years to come. This paper reviews the digital detector technologies and the possible future directions of development.     

纳米结构钢制造工艺与产业化现状研究

纳米结构钢或结构钢的纳米化是近年来钢铁材料研究领域的一个热点。通过文献调研和综述的方法对纳米结构钢的优良性能、主要制造工艺技术、主要的制造企业及产业化现状以及重要专利技术进行了分析,以期对我国纳米结构钢的发展提供有益的启示。纳米结构钢因其优良的高强度、耐腐蚀、耐磨损等性能,已有多家钢铁巨头和研究机构开始进军纳米结构钢并...     

Emerging X-ray imaging technologies for energy materials

With the growing need for sustainable energy technologies, advanced characterization methods become more and more critical for optimizing energy materials and understanding their operation mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the synchrotron-based X-ray imaging technologies and the associated applications in gaining fundamental insights into the physical/chemical properties and reaction mechanisms of energy materials. We will discuss a few major X-ray imaging technologies, including X-ray projection imaging, transmission X-ray microscopy, scanning transmission X-ray microscopy, tender and soft X-ray imaging, and coherent diffraction imaging. Researchers can choose from various X-ray imaging techniques with different working principles based on research goals and sample specifications. With the X-ray imaging techniques, we can obtain the morphology, phase, lattice and strain information of energy materials in both 2D and 3D in an intuitive way. In addition, with the high-penetration X-rays and the high-brilliance synchrotron sources, operando/in-situ experiments can be designed to track the qualitative and quantitative changes of the samples during operation. We expect this review can broaden readers’ view on X-ray imaging techniques and inspire new ideas and possibilities in energy materials research.     

Inkjet Technology for Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaics

The world's ever increasing demand for energy necessitates technologies that generate electricity from inexhaustible and easily accessible energy sources. Silicon photovoltaics is a technology that can harvest the energy of sunlight. Its great characteristics have fueled research and development activities in this exciting field for many years now. One of the most important activities in the solar cell community is the investigation of alternative fabrication and structuring technologies, ideally serving both of the two main goals: device optimization and reduction of fabrication costs. Inkjet technology is practically evaluated along the whole process chain. Research activities cover many processes, such as surface texturing, emitter formation, or metallization. Furthermore, the inkjet technology itself is manifold as well. It can be used to apply inks that serve as a functional structure, present in the final device, as mask for subsequent structuring steps, or even serve as a reactant source to activate chemical etch reactions. This article reviews investigations of inkjet‐printing in the field of silicon photovoltaics. The focus is on the different inkjet processes for individual fabrication steps of a solar cell. A technological overview and suggestions about where future work will be focused on are also provided. The great variety of the investigated processes highlights the ability of the inkjet technology to find its way into many other areas of functional printing and printed electronics.     

Nuclear detection to prevent or defeat clandestine nuclear attack

Countering clandestinely delivered nuclear and radiological threats requires a multielement, global, civil/military, system-of-systems approach. One important element is geographically layered, sensor-based detection of threat objects, including radiation detection systems. An effective defense against these threats should take advantage of the latest developments in radiation detection technology. This paper reviews the physics of nuclear detection, and points out areas where improvements can be anticipated, via case studies of technologies such as gamma-ray imaging, advanced radiography, large-area detectors, and active interrogation.     

Computer-aided reverse engineering of the human musculoskeletal system

The objective of this study is to extend the applications of reverse engineering technology from manufacturing industries to the biomedical industry. By obtaining nearly exact geometric data of human tissues, such as bones, tendons, and ligaments, in a high-speed and inexpensive manner, potentially groundbreaking research becomes possible for applications in injury rehabilitation, injury prevention and strengthening. Previous applications of reverse engineering technologies in the biomedical community have dealt largely with prosthetic design and plastic surgery. This study expands this research to include muscular and skeletal applications. The primary advantage provided by scanning technologies is an improved quality of data. Secondly, the time investment for the medical researcher is greatly reduced. And finally, the use of a scanning technology will occasionally provide a less expensive alternative to the medical imaging counterparts. The goal of the research is to develop guidelines and methodologies for reverse engineering human structures.     

Computer-aided reverse engineering of the human musculoskeletal system

The objective of this study is to extend the applications of reverse engineering technology from manufacturing industries to the biomedical industry. By obtaining nearly exact geometric data of human tissues, such as bones, tendons, and ligaments, in a high-speed and inexpensive manner, potentially groundbreaking research becomes possible for applications in injury rehabilitation, injury prevention and strengthening. Previous applications of reverse engineering technologies in the biomedical community have dealt largely with prosthetic design and plastic surgery. This study expands this research to include muscular and skeletal applications. The primary advantage provided by scanning technologies is an improved quality of data. Secondly, the time investment for the medical researcher is greatly reduced. And finally, the use of a scanning technology will occasionally provide a less expensive alternative to the medical imaging counterparts. The goal of the research is to develop guidelines and methodologies for reverse engineering human structures.     

柑橘类水果贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

目的 旨在通过系统综述现有采后贮藏保鲜技术,以期找到更适合产业应用的高效保鲜技术.方法 基于不同原理系统介绍现有的物理、化学、生物保鲜技术以及综合保鲜方法,分析探讨现有技术的作用机理及存在的优缺点,通过相关研究对其在柑橘类水果采后贮藏保鲜上的应用实效进行比较.结论 对于柑橘青、绿霉病的防治,目前普遍采用的化学杀菌剂是最有效的手段,安全性更高的天然提取物和可食性涂膜等绿色保鲜剂是主要发展方向;相比化学方法,热处理、辐照、气调、臭氧等物理方法具有更绿色、安全的优点;生物保鲜物质虽然在体外实验具有一定效果,但在实际应用时往往效果不佳;同时,单一的保鲜技术无法达到工业应用时所要求的高效,因此,结合多种保鲜技术的综合防治保鲜方法将成为未来研究重点.     

A novel sensor for X-ray imaging applications

In this study, a novel direct X-ray conversion electronic sensor for X-ray imaging, aimed at the enhancement of the signal characteristics of a cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) detector substrate, is proposed. CdZnTe substrates are promising candidates in detector technology since they have a high stopping power. The novelty of the sensor lies in the material of use as well as in the signal collector design, which exhibits “Frisch-grid” capabilities. As a result, the proposed technology provides an effective mode to shield the electron-collecting electrode from the charge induced on it from moving positive ions and trapped charge. Overall, this technology would allow for a decreased sensor thickness, accompanied with a high collector efficiency, and consequently improved signal characteristics. Therefore, the signal quality of an imaging sensor as applied to medical detector technology, radio astronomy, aviation security, surveillance and nondestructive inspection, and other industrial areas will be significantly improved