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1.
注射用清开灵冻干粉的一般药理作用研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的:观察注射用清开灵冻干粉对动物中枢神经系统、心血管系统、呼吸系统的影响及对戊巴比妥钠阈下催眠剂量作用的影响。方法:尾静脉注射给予小鼠不同剂量注射用清开灵冻干粉,或同时腹腔给予阈下催眠剂量的戊巴比妥钠,观察小鼠一般行为学指标和自主活动的变化,以及对戊巴比妥钠阈下催眠剂量的影响;给予麻醉犬不同剂量清开灵冻干粉观察该药对血压,心电图以及呼吸指标的影响。结果:注射用清开灵冻干粉大剂量(210.18 mg/kg)对小鼠有中枢神经系统抑制作用(P<0.05),并有延长巴比妥类睡眠时间的作用(P<0.05)。对犬心血管系统及呼吸系统的影响试验结果显示,清开灵冻干粉各剂量(43.92 mg/kg、21.96 mg/kg、10.98 mg/kg)均对麻醉犬心血管系统及呼吸系统均无影响(P>0.05)。结论:注射用清开灵冻干粉有一定程度的中枢神经系统抑制作用。对心血管系统(心率、心率节律、心电图)、呼吸系统(呼吸频率、呼吸深度、呼吸节律)无明显影响。  相似文献   

2.
注射用黄芪冻干粉一般药理研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的:观察注射用黄芪冻干粉对动物心血管系统、中枢神经系统、呼吸系统的影响。方法:以不同剂量黄芪冻干粉给予小鼠和麻醉犬静脉注射,观察药物对动物各系统的影响。结果:注射用黄芪冻干粉各剂量(生药70.0g/kg、35.0g/kg、7.0g/kg)组对麻醉犬血压、心率有显著降低和减慢作用;对心电图PR间期、QT间期、ST间期有显著延长影响(P<0.01);但对QRS、T波、P波、心动节律无明显影响;对犬呼吸系统无明显影响(P>0.05);对小鼠自主活动无明显影响,并不影响小鼠戊巴妥钠阈下催眠剂量(P>0.05)。结论:注射用黄芪冻干粉明显降低犬血压、减慢心率,显著延长心电图PR间期、QT间期、ST间期,但对QRS、T波、P波、心率节律和呼吸系统(呼吸频率、深度、节律)无明显影响;对小鼠中枢神经系统无抑制作用。  相似文献   

3.
复方哌拉西林钠一般药理研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
目的:观察静脉注射用哌拉西林钠/舒巴坦钠(4:1)对动物的神经系统、心血管系统、呼吸系统的影响。方法:以不同剂量对小鼠和麻醉犬静脉注射哌拉西林钠/舒巴坦钠(4:1),同时设阴性对照,并观察记录多项指标。结果:静脉注射哌拉西林钠/舒巴坦钠(4:1)1250mg/kg,625mg/kg,312.5mg/kg,对小鼠自主活动无明显影响(P>0.05);在625、312.5、156.3mg/kg时对小鼠戊巴比妥钠阈下催眠剂量无明显影响(P>0.05);而在626、312.5、156.3mg/kg对麻醉犬的血压、心率及心电图无明显影响,对呼吸的频率和深度也无明显影响(P>0.05)。结论:该复方对中枢神经系统、心血管系统及呼吸系统在所试剂量无明显影响。  相似文献   

4.
本文报告了肝原颗粒小鼠急性毒性和大鼠90天长期毒性试验。结果表明,肝原颗粒对小鼠灌胃给药的LD_(50)>252g(生药)/kg/次;大鼠90天长期毒性试验对动物一般状况、体重增长、外周血象、肝肾功能及病理组织学检查等未见明显毒性。  相似文献   

5.
目的观察和测定呼宁胶囊对小白鼠的LD50和对大白鼠的长期毒性。方法急性毒性实验给小白鼠一次灌胃给药后,测定其半数致死量及其95%的可信限。长期毒性实验给3个剂量组和1个空白对照组的大白鼠连续灌胃给药90天,观察大鼠出现的毒性反应,剂量毒性效应的关系,主要靶器官毒性反应的性质和程度等。结果呼宁胶囊对小白鼠的LD50为3981mg.Kg-1,其95%的可信限为4685.5~3382.5mg.Kg-1。连续用药90天,大鼠血液分析、肝肾功能化验结果未见显著差异,重要脏器做病理解剖学及病理组织学检查均未见病理学改变。  相似文献   

6.
本文报告了速效咽喉灵冲剞小鼠急性毒性和大鼠60天长期毒性试验。结果表明,速效咽喉灵冲剂对小鼠灌胃给药的LD_(50)>120g/kg/d;大鼠60天长期毒性试验对动物一般状况,体重增长,外周血象、肝肾功能及病理组织学检查等未见明显毒性。  相似文献   

7.
目的:观察静脉注射人尿激肽释放酶后对动物精神神经系统、心血管和呼吸系统的影响。方法:采用测定小鼠一般行为活动实验,小鼠自主活动实验及大鼠体温测定,小鼠戊巴比妥钠阈下睡眠时间测定,对麻醉猫的血压、心电图、心率、心律以及呼吸频率的测定。结果:人尿激肽释放酶对小鼠一般行为活动,小鼠自主活动和大鼠体温及小鼠戊巴比妥钠阈下睡眠时间均无明显影响。静注剂量为0.01活性单位kg~(-1),对麻醉猫  相似文献   

8.
心元胶囊的药理研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
心元胶囊由首乌、丹参、三七、西洋参等中药组成,临床对治疗和预防冠心病等心血管疾病有肯定疗效。动物试验证明,小鼠灌胃急性毒性试验LD_(50)。为每公斤体重262.95(251.7~274.7)克原生药(相当于临床用药的1143倍。三个剂量组大白鼠90天灌胃长期毒性试验,最高剂量64.3g/kg原生药灌胃给药以及恢复期观察,对动物的行为活动,体重,血象,血生化,脏器指数无影响,主要脏器无组织形态改变。药效学证明15g/kg原生药具有明显的改善结扎麻醉杂种狗冠状动脉心肌缺血后的血流  相似文献   

9.
康尼口服液灌胃给药可明显增加小鼠碳粒廓清速度和幼年小鼠免疫器官(胸腺、脾脏)重量,促进小鼠溶血素抗体生成,明显延长果蝇平均寿命和最高寿命,对D-半乳糖所致小鼠亚衰老模型、乙酰苯肼致血虚模型和生化乏源致气虚模型均有显著治疗作用。康尼口服液一次灌胃小鼠的最大耐受量为120g(生药量)/kg(相当于临床成人每日剂量的200倍)。康尼口服液12、24.48g/kg剂量(分别相当于临床剂量的20、40和80倍)给大鼠连续灌胃三个月,各组动物一般体征、行为活动、血液学、血液生化学和主要脏器病理学检查,未见药物引起的异常改变。  相似文献   

10.
通过给麻醉猫一次性灌胃粉末活性炭后,对其血压(收缩压、舒张压、平均压)、心电图(Ⅱ导联)、呼吸、体温以及对小鼠中枢神经系统的影响。以戊巴比妥钠30mg.kg-1给猫静脉注射麻醉,再以20%、10%和5%的粉末活性炭混悬液,分别给三组麻醉猫灌胃20ml.kg-1,给药后30、60、90、120、240分钟测定血压、呼吸频率、呼吸振幅、肛温及Ⅱ导联心电图(包括心率、P、T、R波和QRS、S-T波间期)等,各参数与给药前相比较无显著性差异。又以粉末活性炭的上述三种浓度分别给三组小鼠,每只灌服20ml.kg-1,给药后30分钟,各小鼠腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠40mg.kg-1,产生的睡…  相似文献   

11.
Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc2 (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.  相似文献   

12.
Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.  相似文献   

13.
About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread epidemics of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a panhypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of substrate beriberi and substrate pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse endemic disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for primates. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.  相似文献   

14.
Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Introduction: The etiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial with interaction between genetics, immune and environmental factors.

Areas covered: We review the role of prenatal exposures, irritants and pruritogens, pathogens, climate factors, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, outdoor and indoor air pollutants, tobacco smoke exposure, water hardness, urban vs. rural living, diet, breastfeeding, probiotics and prebiotics on AD.

Expert commentary: The increased global prevalence of AD cannot be attributed to genetics alone, suggesting that evolving environmental exposures may trigger and/or flare disease in predisposed individuals. There is a complex interplay between different environmental factors, including individual use of personal care products and exposure to climate, pollution, food and other exogenous factors. Understanding these complex risk factors is crucial to developing targeted interventions to prevent the disease in millions. Moreover, patients require counseling on optimal regimens for minimization of exposure to irritants and pruritogens and other harmful exposures.  相似文献   


17.
Newton H 《Medical history》2011,55(2):153-182
Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.  相似文献   

18.
Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.  相似文献   

19.
《Human immunology》2020,81(5):193-194
Huastecos or Teenek Amerindians are presently living at North East Mexico (San Luis Potosi State). They have probably one of the most ancient culture of Mexico and Central America together with Mayas and Olmec groups with which also show close relationships. Proximity to Atlantic Ocean/Mexican Gulf originated that Spaniards had very early contact with them at about 1519 CE or before. In the present paper we have aimed to study HLA gene profile which may be useful for HLA and disease epidemiology and transplant programs in Teeneks. HLA-DRB1*04:07, -DRB1*14:06 and -DRB1*04:11 have been found in high frequency like in other Amerindian groups. High frequency typical Amerindians HLA extended haplotypes have been found, such as A*02-B*35-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; A*68-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 and A*02-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; also new haplotypes have been described, like A*02-B*52-DRB1*04:11-DQB1*03:02, A*68-B*35-DRB1*14:02-DQB1*03:01 and A*68-B*40-DRB1*16:02-DQB1*03:01. Genetic proximity is observed not only to linguistically close Mayans, but also to Mazatecans, Mixtecans and Zapotecans, who speak an altogether different languages; it shows once more that genes and languages do not correlate. This population was greatly diminished after European contact between 1500 and 1600 years CE; in fact, North and South America First Inhabitants population was brought from 80 down to 8 million people because of diseases (i.e.: measles, smallpox or influenza), slavery and war.  相似文献   

20.
The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.  相似文献   

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