容量感觉训练法用于脊髓损伤患者膀胱功能重建的研究

目的 探讨缩短脊髓损伤患者膀胱功能恢复时间的方法.方法 按入院顺序将42例脊髓损伤患者分为对照组(22例)与观察组(20例),对照组采用生物反馈训练法进行膀胱功能重建,观察组采用容量感觉训练法进行膀胱功能重建.观察两组患者尿管留置时间、膀胱排尿功能恢复情况及泌尿系感染情况.结果 观察组尿管留置时间显著短于对照组(P＜0.01),泌尿系感染发生率显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);两组自主排尿量及排尿正常恢复率比较,差异无显著性意义(均P＞0.05).结论 采用容量感觉训练法可使膀胱得到合理的容量刺激,缩短尿管留置时间,有效预防泌尿系感染及促进膀胱功能尽早恢复.     

腰椎骨折脊髓不全损伤病人膀胱功能训练研究

目的 探讨促进腰椎骨折脊髓不全损伤病人排尿障碍恢复的方法。方法 将51例病人随机分为观察组(32例)和对照组(19例)。观察组采用间歇导尿配合药物治疗,对照组仅采用留置导尿,任其自然恢复。观察两组病人尿管保留时间、膀胱排尿功能恢复时间及泌尿系感染情况等。结果 观察组和对照组尿管保留时间,拔除尿管后膀胱自主排尿恢复时间,排尿恢复正常的例数,泌尿系感染、后遗症发生情况比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05、P<0.01)。结论 科学的膀胱功能训练可促进病人膀胱功能早日恢复。     

多学科合作干预对广泛性全子宫切除术后患者膀胱功能恢复的影响

目的探讨多学科合作干预促进广泛性全子宫切除术后患者膀胱功能恢复的临床效果。方法将150例广泛性全子宫切除术患者按住院时间分为对照组与观察组各75例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上给予多学科合作干预。比较两组术后尿管留置时间、泌尿系感染发生率;术后1个月进行膀胱功能评估量表评分、残余尿测定及尿动力学检测。结果观察组术后尿管留置时间显著短于对照组,泌尿系感染发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01);术后1个月观察组膀胱功能恢复程度、最大尿流率、逼尿肌收缩力、最大膀胱容量显著优于对照组,膀胱功能评分显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论多学科合作干预可促进广泛性全子宫切除术后患者膀胱功能恢复。     

截瘫病人留置尿管及膀胱训练的护理体会

目的 :截瘫病人大部分对排尿无感觉 ,进行膀胱训练后能自主排尿。方法 :通过对 6 0例截瘫病人心理护理、置管护理、膀胱功能训练等环节的观察 ,并与既往 32例病人比较 ,对比两组病人膀胱训练的情况。结果 :训练自主膀胱的成功率两组无显著性差异 ,治疗组尿路感染率降低 ,与对照组比较 (P <0 .0 5) ;治疗组留置尿管的时间比对照组明显缩短 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :病人在尿常规检验正常时进行膀胱自主排尿训练 ,可减少尿路感染及缩短尿管留置时间。     

三种排尿训练方法对脊髓损伤患者自主排尿功能恢复的影响

目的 探讨三种排尿训练方式在脊髓损伤患者自主排尿功能恢复中的作用.方法 将符合纳入标准的患者随机分为三组各40例,分别使用留置尿管导尿(留置尿管组)、间歇性清洁导尿(清洁导尿组)和间歇性无菌导尿(无菌导尿组)并辅以排尿训练,比较三组患者膀胱功能恢复以及泌尿系感染的情况.结果 三组患者膀胱功能恢复及泌尿系感染情况比较,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01),留置尿管组效果最差;而清洁导尿和无菌导尿组膀胱功能恢复情况和泌尿系感染发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05,P＞0.0125).结论 间歇性清洁导尿和间歇性无菌导尿训练方式帮助脊髓损伤患者自主排尿功能恢复效果较好,但由于间歇性清洁导尿耗材便宜、住院期间或出院后可由患者或其家属实施,更容易在临床实施和在社区推广应用.     

生物反馈训练法对不同节段脊髓损伤病人排尿及膀胱功能恢复的影响

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨生物反馈训练法对不同节段脊髓损伤病人排尿及膀胱功能恢复的影响。方法〓自2011年10月~2013年7月收治共收治外伤行脊髓损伤病人86例,其中男53例,女33例,年龄21~64岁,平均40.2±4.6岁。将患者随机分为两组:观察组45例,采用生物反馈训练法对不同节段脊髓损伤病人排尿训练;对照组41例,采用传统方法留置尿管及进行常规护理。结果〓实验组经过3~10次生物反馈训练(平均5.9次),其拔除尿管时间、拔除尿管例数自主排尿、一周后残余尿量均较对照组明显好转。两组疗效判定有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论〓生物反馈训练法能有效提高不同节段脊髓损伤病人排尿及膀胱功能恢复,以颈髓、腰髓、胸髓恢复较好,马尾及骶尾髓损伤效果差。     

按需夹管排尿法训练膀胱功能

目的探讨留置导尿患者膀胱训练方法，减少拔除尿管后各种排尿异常的发生率。方法将110例留置导尿患者随机分为观察组和对照组各55例。观察组采取按需放尿的方法，对照组采取定时放尿的方法。结果拔除尿管后排尿异常发生率观察组为7．27％，对照组为21．82％，两组比较，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论留置导尿患者采用按需放尿的方法，可以显著降低拔除尿管后排尿异常发生率。     

经腹壁膀胱造瘘术后物理治疗神经源性膀胱对自主排尿的效果分析

目的分析经腹壁膀胱造瘘术后物理治疗神经源性膀胱对自主排尿的恢复效果。方法选取本院2019年1月至2020年12月诊治的62例神经源性膀胱患者,均行经腹壁膀胱造瘘术,根据术后不同治疗方法将其分为对照组与实验组各31例。对照组应用膀胱功能训练;实验组应用膀胱功能训练+物理治疗。对比两组患者的自主排尿时间、留置瘘管时间、膀胱功能恢复时间、排尿次数、最大尿流量、残余尿量、膀胱容量、膀胱功能积分以及膀胱功能恢复率。结果实验组的自主排尿时间、留置瘘管时间、膀胱功能恢复时间均短于对照组,P0.05;实验组治疗后的排尿次数、残余尿量少于对照组,最大尿流量大于对照组,均P0.05;实验组治疗后的膀胱容量大于对照组,膀胱功能积分小于对照组,均P0.05;实验组的膀胱功能恢复率高于对照组,P0.05。结论经腹壁膀胱造瘘术后物理治疗神经源性膀胱的疗效确切,可促进自主排尿,缩短留置瘘管时间与膀胱功能恢复时间,且能改善排尿情况,增强膀胱功能,值得推广。     

间歇导尿技术联合膀胱功能锻炼在胸腰段骨折合并脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱患者中的应用

目的 探讨间歇导尿技术联合膀胱功能锻炼在胸腰段骨折合并脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱的应用效果,观察其对膀胱功能恢复及并发症的影响.方法 选取本院2017年1月～2020年1月收治的脊髓损伤合并NB患者63例,随机分为观察组32例和对照组31例.两组患者均在排尿前半小时进行膀胱功能锻炼,其中观察组采用间歇性导尿,对照组采用留置导尿.对两组患者的膀胱功能和并发症情况进行比较.结果 与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后的残余尿量明显减少,膀胱压力明显恢复,膀胱容量显著增加,上述差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).组间比较,观察组治疗后的残余尿量显著少于对照组,膀胱压力和膀胱容量均显著高于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察组患者的泌尿系统感染率明显低于对照组,膀胱功能重建时间也明显少于留置导尿组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 采用间歇性导尿技术联合膀胱功能锻炼可有效增加膀胱容量及压力,减少残尿量,具有泌尿系感染率低、膀胱功能重建时间短的优点.     

脊髓损伤后导尿管留置时间对膀胱功能的影响

目的:探讨脊髓损伤后导尿管留置时间对患者膀胱功能的影响。方法:对70例脊髓损伤患者进行3个月的无菌间歇导尿,观察与比较导尿管留置时间不同患者膀胱容量的改变与泌尿系感染率。结果:脊髓损伤后导尿管留置时间大于4周的患者,其泌尿系感染率为95%,膀胱容量平均为295±73ml;导尿管留置不足4周患者的泌尿系感染率为35%,膀胱容量平均为455±103ml。两组间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:脊髓损伤后,应尽可能早期拔除导尿管,进行间歇导尿,有利于患者膀胱功能的恢复及减少泌尿系感染的发生率。     

力奥来素对脊髓不全损伤患者排尿障碍的作用

目的观察力奥来素对脊髓不全损伤排尿障碍患者膀胱功能恢复的作用.方法32例腰椎骨折伴脊髓不全损伤排尿功能障碍患者随机分为观察组(18例)和对照组(14例),观察组采用间歇导尿配合力奥来素治疗,对照组单独采用间歇导尿治疗,两组均行手术治疗.观察两组排尿功能恢复时间、泌尿系感染情况和后遗症.结果观察组患者排尿功能恢复时间平均为5.05 d,对照组平均为9.28 d(P＜0.01),对照组有2例后遗症,观察组没有后遗症.结论力奥来素可促进脊髓不全损伤排尿障碍患者膀胱功能的恢复.     

Effects of guanabenz on bladder function after spinal cord injury

The effect of guanabenz, an alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, on urinary bladder function and neurological recovery was studied in cats subjected to a 400 gm-cm contusion injury of the thoracic spinal cord. Eight cats were treated with 1.3 mg/kg of guanabenz three hours after injury and then twice daily for eight weeks. Four injured cats were used as controls (untreated), and 12 intact cats were used as normal controls. Cystometrograms were used to measure bladder function in all the animals studied. Guanabenz given intraperitoneally significantly improved urinary bladder function and neurological recovery. It appears that treatment of spinal cats with guanabenz has an ameliorative effect on functional reorganization of the central spinal pathways modulating spasticity, micturition, and lower limb function.     

光感基因调控技术对大鼠骶上脊髓损伤后膀胱尿动力学和肌电图的影响

目的观察光感基因调控技术对大鼠骶上脊髓损伤所致神经源性膀胱功能的影响。方法 50只大鼠经尿流动力学检查无异常后进行随机分组,并采用T10脊髓完全横断建立脊髓损伤动物模型,分为假手术对照组、脊髓损伤无蓝光刺激组和脊髓损伤蓝光刺激组。2周后进行膀胱尿动力学、肌电图测定。结果脊髓损伤蓝光刺激组大鼠膀胱逼尿肌肌条舒缩曲线大部分可见规律性变化,波形均匀一致;同时膀胱最大容量增加,内压降低,顺应性升高;而脊髓损伤无蓝光刺激组无上述变化。结论光感基因可以调节骶上脊髓完全性损伤后膀胱逼尿肌的收缩功能,对神经源性膀胱功能恢复有重要意义。     

脊髓损伤患者个体化膀胱功能锻炼联合饮水计划的实施

目的探讨对脊髓损伤患者实施个体化膀胱功能锻炼联合饮水计划的效果。方法将58例脊髓损伤患者按入院时间分为实验组(30例)及对照组(28例),两组患者均接受临床康复治疗,对照组按常规进行膀胱功能锻炼,实验组采取个体化膀胱功能锻炼联合饮水计划分阶段进行锻炼,16周后评估膀胱功能康复效果。结果实验组膀胱功能康复效果显著优于对照组(P0.05),尿路感染发生率显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论对脊髓损伤患者实施个体化分阶段膀胱功能锻炼联合饮水计划,可提高膀胱功能康复效果,降低尿路感染发生率。     

热淋清颗粒辅助治疗中重度慢性前列腺炎临床应用分析及体会

目的 探讨热淋清颗粒辅助治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床应用效果.方法 符合美国国立卫生研究院慢性前列腺炎诊断标准,NIH-CPSI疼痛评分≥10分,病程3个月至8年的患者102例,采用随机对照临床观察的研究方法分为两组,每组51例.对照治疗组:用敏感抗生素配合坐浴等物理治疗;热淋清辅助治疗组:在对照治疗的基础上,服用热淋清颗粒8g/次,3次/天,疗程6周.两组患者治疗前后进行NIH-CPSI评分以及前列腺液(EPS)白细胞检查,比较两种治疗的疗效.结果 对照治疗组和热淋清辅助治疗组患者治疗6周后,NIH-CPSI评分、EPS-WBC计数显示比治疗前均有所改善,差异具有统计学意义.热淋清辅助治疗组NIH-CPSI下降更为明显,总有效率为78.0％,对照组有效率57.1％,两组比较差异有统计学意义(x2=4.51,P＜0.05).结论 热淋清颗粒辅助治疗慢性前列腺炎,有较好的临床效用,有助于减轻患者的疼痛,利于提高患者的生活质量,其效果优于单纯西药治疗.     

Effets de l'anesthésie sur la miction et rétention aiguë d'urine postopératoire

Postoperative micturition difficulties, considered as minor complications, have a high incidence. Acute urinary retention can follow all types of anaesthetics or operations. Surgical trauma to the pelvic nerves or to the bladder, postoperative oedema around the bladder neck, and pain-induced reflex spasm of the external and internal urethral sphincters may play a role in the development of urinary retention. Acute urinary retention is the most common complication of surgery for benign anorectal disease. The incidence of urinary retention is more likely to occur in old male patients. Preoperative urinary symptoms are not a prerequisite for developing postoperative urinary retention, although they are considered to be a risk factor. The type of anaesthetic, postoperative pain and its management may have little effect on the occurrence of postoperative urinary dysfunction. Studies on the urodynamic effects of various anaesthetic agents are rare. The parasympatholytic drugs increase bladder capacity, decrease the rate of bladder contractions and cause downward trends in urethral resistance. The barbiturates and halothane produce similar effects on urethral resistance. The anaesthetic agents decrease the intrabladder pressure and inhibit the micturition reflex. Halothane decreases bladder contractions and increases its capacity measured by the cystometrogram. Urinary retention is a side effect of opioids, particularly after intrathecal or epidural administration. Epidural morphine relaxes the detrusor muscle with a corresponding increase in the maximal bladder capacity. Spinal opioids influence the function of the lower urinary tract, by direct spinal action on the sacral nociceptive neurons and autonomic fibres, as well as by an effect on supraspinal centres. Naloxone increases detrusor pressure, decreases bladder capacity, and causes a need to void. Urinary retention is less common after a short-acting (lidocaine 5 %) than after a long-acting agent (bupivacaine 0.5 %). After spinal anaesthesia, detrusor strength and the ability to void restarts with the return of sacral sensation to pinprick. A single episode of bladder overdistention can result in significant morbidity. Overfilling of the bladder can stretch and damage the detrusor muscle, leading to atony of the bladder wall, so that recovery of micturition may not occur when the bladder is emptied. On the other hand, the excessive use of an indwelling catheter can lead to urinary tract infection, urethral stricture and prolonged hospital stay. Short-term prophylactic catheterisation is recommended in patients with obstructive symptoms. Patients at risk for urinary retention should be stimulated to void and provided a quiet environment in which to do so. They should be encouraged to seat, stand or ambulate as early as possible. The alpha₁ adrenergic receptor blocking agents have been used for treatment of organic or functional urinary retention. It is essential to make sure the bladder empties regularly in the postoperative period, especially in day-case surgery or in patients receiving opioid analgesia or after epidural anaesthesia.     

Effect of Naloxone on the Bladder Activity of Rabbits with Acute Spinal Injury

Background: Naloxone enhances bladder activity in patients with chronic spinal cord injury. However, there are few reports on naloxone for bladder morbidity in acute spinal cord injury.
Methods: We performed a prospective, controlled study of the effects of naloxone on bladder function in rabbits with and without surgical transection of the spinal cord at the 10th thoracic vertebra. Acute and chronic stages of injury were defined according to bladder function. Naloxone was given intravenously at both stages, and intrathecally at the acute stage. Bladder activity was monitored by cystometry. Blood concentrations of methionine-enkephalin were measured by radioimmunoassay.
Results: Spinal cord injuries were acute 1 or 2 days after surgery, and chronic after 1 or 2 weeks. Bladder capacity significantly decreased after 0.01 mg of intravenous naloxone in uninjured control rabbits, and after 0.03 mg of intravenous naloxone in rabbits with chronic-phase injuries. During the acute-injury phase, 0.3 mg of intravenous naloxone, or 0.02 mg of intrathecal naloxone, was necessary to evoke the micturition reflex. No significant changes in blood enkephalin levels were seen before or after spinal cord injury.
Conclusion: In rabbits with acute spinal cord injury, intrathecal naloxone evoked the micturition reflex at a much lower dose than did intravenous naloxone. Intrathecal naloxone promises to become a new therapy for the acute stage of spinal cord injury for active recovery of bladder function, and could replace current therapy.     

Neurogenic urinary retention

This review article on neurogenic urinary retention is divided into three main sections. The first covers the neuroanatomy of the bladder and urethral sphincters, developing the peripheral innervation as well as the spinal cord organization and the cortical and subcortical brain control of micturition. The second discusses the main central and peripheral neurological lesions and diseases causing urinary retention. The last section gives an updated view of the neurophysiological techniques which are now available to test the central and peripheral pathways controlling micturition.     

Functional recovery of the bladder in patients with spinal cord injury--prognosticating programs of an aseptic intermittent catheterization

Ninety patients with spinal cord injury were managed by aseptic intermittent catheterization program I (preventing the over-distension of the bladder) and program II (allowing overdistension) in which recovery of bladder function and the clinical effects were comparatively investigated. Using program I, cases with positive BCR restored the automaticity of the bladder on average 8 weeks after injury. When urinary incontinence first occurs during aseptic intermittent catheterization, urinary training may be commenced since the bladder has then recovered from spinal shock. Cases with no BCR do not restore automatic bladder contraction. Program II delayed or weakened the recovery of bladder function considerably. Patients with incomplete lesions and sacral sparing, particularly those with urinary sensation, should be managed by program I which does not impair recovery of the bladder. It is possible to prevent urinary incontinence and infection, if paraplegics with complete lesions are managed by program II. The percentage of urinary infection was 22.6 +/- 16.0% (N = 90) during aseptic intermittent catheterization (non-touch technic) among whom no statistically significant difference between those with trigger voiding (22.2 +/- 17.2%, N = 57) and those with self-catheterization (23.2 +/- 14.0%, N = 33) was found.