基于(p,γ)-(γ,p)平衡近似的快质子俘获过程模型及其应用

在(p,γ)-(γ,p)平衡近似下,本文建立了简化的快质子俘获(rp)过程模型, 讨论了天体物理条件输入量 (即质子辐照时间、质子数密度及温度) 对rp过程的影响. 结合中国科学院近代物理研究所等时性质谱仪 (IMS) 上的最新实验数据, 本文进而分析了新测的缺中子原子核质量对rp过程的影响; 发现利用新测的⁴¹Ti质量, A=41处的丰度相较之前的计算结果增大了两个数量级, 而计算的相对丰度误差减小了近两个量级. 关键词： 快质子俘获过程 γ)-(γ,p)平衡')" href="#">(p,γ)-(γ,p)平衡 原子核质量 缺中子原子核     

在线同位素分离器进展

原子核是由中子和质子组成的,各种不同类型的原子核叫做核素,核素是原子核物理的基本研究对象。若以原子核的中子数N作为横座标,质子数Z 作纵座标,那末,图上的每一点都代表一个核素,在核素图上,穿过稳定核的平均位置的一条向上延伸的线称为β稳定线,稳定线上的核素是不发生β衰变.     

新滴线核^40Mg和^42，43 Al

众所周知,原子核是由质子和中子通过核子间的强相互作用结合而成的,元素的定义由核内的质子数确定,同一种元素可以有数目不等的同位素,区别就在于核内中子数目的多寡．以中子数和质子数为坐标,对核素排列做图,此图称为核素图．     

相对论平均场理论框架下对能的系统研究

在相对论平均场模型的框架内,沿原子核的稳定线,以每隔4个质子或中子提取样本的方法,计算了核谱图上数十个原子核的对能,特别是研究了氧同位素偶-偶核的对能随核子数的变化规律,发现在固定能隙Δ的条件下,对能的大小和核的壳结构有关,由此提出了一种检验闭壳效应的简便方法,进而发现中子数N=6不仅在轻核的丰中子区是一个新幻数,而且在丰质子区也是一个可能的新幻数. 关键词： 相对论平均场模型 对能 能隙 幻数     

在地球物质中寻找超重元素

一、超重元素存在的理论预言 到目前为止,已经发现的元素有 107种,核素有1900多种.如果我们以原子核内的中子数N为横坐标。质子数Z为纵坐标,把所有稳定的与放射性的核素标在核素图上,便可以看出,自然界中已知的稳定原子核聚集在中子数接近质子数成一定比例的范围之内,称为稳定带、稳定半岛(见图1).那些中子数或质子数远离稳定带的原子核会发生β衰变(放出正或负电子与中微子)和α衰变;近年来又发现有质子发射;或者俘获电子等转变达到稳定带. 原子序数超过84的重元素都是不稳定的.它们自发地进行α衰变、β衰变或自发裂变等.一般地讲.愈重的…     

缺中子Np新核素的α衰变研究

合成远离稳定线的新核素、探索原子核存在的极限是目前核物理研究的重要课题。在中子壳N=126的最丰质子一侧,极端缺中子的超铀核素处于质子滴线和中子壳的交叉位置,合成和研究该核区核素对研究N=126壳结构的演化性质具有重要意义。基于兰州重离子加速器上的充气反冲核谱仪装置(SHANS),利用36,40Ar+185,187Re熔合蒸发反应,合成了极缺中子的219,220,223,224Np新核素,在中子壳N=126附近首次建立了Np同位素链的$ \alpha$衰变系统性,获得了N=126壳效应在Np同位素链中依然存在的实验证据。依据单质子分离能的系统性分析,确定了Np同位素链中质子滴线的位置,219Np也成为目前已知的最重的质子滴线外核素。此外,基于实验测量的反应截面,并与理论模型的计算结果相比较,讨论了进一步合成该核区其它新核素218,221,222Np的可行性。     

超越原子核滴线

近来发现了几种新的重同位素,至少其中之一超出了中子滴线．在以核内的中子数为横坐标,以质子数为纵坐标的核素图上,在原子核的丰质子一侧和丰中子一侧,各有一条边界线,分别称为质子滴线和中子滴线,超出滴线外的原子核中的核子是不能束缚在一起的．然而,目前人们对核力的了解还不足以用理论准确计算出滴线的位置．这就需要通过实验来寻找可能存在的原子核．     

远离稳定线丰中子核素的合成和研究

远离稳定线丰中子核素的合成和其衰变性质及核结构研究在过去几年中得到了迅速的发展，已成为原子核物理最为活跃的前沿领域之一。本文综述各质量区丰中子远离核的生成和鉴别，重点讨论丰中子远离核奇异衰变性质和核结构研究的重要进展，并简要介绍丰中子远离核研究在天文物理学中的重要作用。     

传统中子幻数稳定性的研究

在考虑了BCS理论的相对论平均场模型框架内,通过系统研究N=8,20,28,50,82和126六条同中子素链中每个元素费米面附近的单粒子能级间隔、粒子数占有概率比以及原子核体系的粒子数偏离随质子数的变化规律,讨论了传统中子幻数的壳结构在从中子滴线区到质子滴线区整个核谱上的稳定性,预言只有在轻核的丰中子区域,传统的中子幻数效应才可能消失,并把计算结果和最近的文献报道作了比较. 关键词： 相对论平均场模型 能级间隔 占有概率 粒子数偏离     

A=40—70偶中子核素光子穿透系数的关联现象

本文给出了在共振区光子穿透系数的表示式,这由三部份组成,分别对应复合核统计过程、复合核弹性散射道及非弹性散射道中的辐射退激过程.研究了在中子强度函数3s巨共振区13个偶中子核素的中子辐射俘获截面.中子能量范围为3MeV以下的共振区.结果表明,在同时考虑了统计和非统计过程后,可以解释实验测量的总俘获截面及γ能谱.     

VIBRATION OF PLATES IN DIFFERENT SITUATIONS USING A HIGH-PRECISION SHEAR DEFORMABLE ELEMENT

A high-precision thick plate element proposed by the last author of this paper has been applied to free vibration analysis of plates to study its performance. The element has a triangular shape and it has three nodes at its corners, three mid-side nodes on each side and four nodes within the element. The transverse displacement and rotations of the normal have been taken as independent field variables and they have been approximated with polynomials of different orders. This has not only helped to include the effect of shear deformation but also made the element free from locking in shear. Initially, the number of degrees of freedom of the element is 35, which is reduced to 30 by eliminating the degrees of freedom of the internal nodes. This has been done through static condensation. To facilitate the condensation process, efficient mass lumping schemes have been recommended to form the mass matrix having zero mass for the internal nodes. Recommendation has also been made for the inclusion of mass for rotary inertia in a lumped mass matrix. Numerical examples of plates having different shapes and boundary conditions have been solved by this element. Examples of plates having internal cutout and concentrated mass have also been studied. The results obtained in all the cases have been compared with the published results to show the accuracy and range of applicability of the present element.     

锌掺杂产导体材料的共振电离质谱分析

本文简要地描述了激光共振电离质谱的实验装置的测量方法,给出了用共振电离质谱方法对锌掺杂化合物半导体材料进行分析的光谱和质谱图,并估计了用这种方法进行奶量分析可能达到的检测限     

Detection of small signals in mass spectra

The results of the chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of a mixture containing a compound with low protonation efficiency have been given. A software package for preliminary processing of mass spectra is used for determining the peak parameters of the compound ions. The reliability of the processing results has been confirmed by comparison with the tabular data for the isotope masses and the isotopic composition of the component. The mass spectrum has been interpreted by calculating the peak areas and centroids together by evaluating the standard deviation of the center of the peak. The results of processing the mass spectrum using the mMass program have been given.

     

Discovery of a nuclear isomer in 65Fe with penning trap mass spectrometry

A new long-lived isomeric state in (65)Fe has been discovered with Penning trap mass spectrometry and high-precision mass measurements of the neutron-rich isotopes (63-65)Fe and (64-66)Co have been performed with the Low-Energy Beam and Ion Trap Facility at the NSCL. For the new isomer in (65)Fe an excitation energy of 402(5) keV has been determined from the measured mass difference between the isomeric and ground states. The mass uncertainties of all isotopes have been reduced by a factor of 10-100 compared to previous results. In the case of (64)Co the previous mass value was found to deviate by about 5 standard deviations from the new measurement.     

Exact solution of the neutralino mass matrix

The eigenvalue problem for the neutralino mass matrix has been solved exactly and the eigenvalues are expressed in terms of thev ₁/v ₂, chargino and gluino masses which are directly measurable. An analytical formula for the lightest neutralino mass as a function of the above parameters is obtained. Formulae for the photino, zino and neutral higgsino contents of each of the physical neutralino mass eigenstates states have been found. Taking into account these formulae it has been possible to predict the upper (lower) bound on the mass of zino (photino) dominant neutralino states, including the lightest one. The neutralino-gluino and neutralino-chargino mass planes have also been constrained by using the latest LEP data.     

Studies on some solar collector/regenerator systems for open cycle absorption air conditioning/liquid desiccant cooling systems

This communication presents theoretical heat and mass transfer studies on solar collector/regenerator systems which determine the performance of open cycle absorption air conditioning system. Possible configurations viz. open inclined surface, forced flow and brine-still solar regenerators have been analytically modelled and a comparative assessment using a numerical model has been presented. The numerical model takes into account the flow length dependence of the solution temperature/concentration and the rate of water mass desorption in the regenerator. The effects of various operating and climatic parameters on the water mass desorption rate for the given working fluid have been studied.     

Fermion production and correlations due to time variation of effective mass

The fermion production arising due to time variation of effective mass has been considered. The diagonal polarization states have been found to be the definite helicity states. The strength of the production process and specific fermion-antifermion correlations have been calculated. The production of the fermion-antifermion pairs and the relative two-particle correlations appeared to be large for a sharp and significant change in the mass depending also on fermion occupancy in the initial state.     

Systematic study of kinematic and dynamic moments of inertia of superdeformed bands with N_pN_n scheme

The systematics of kinematic moment of inertia J~((1))and dynamic moment of inertia J~((2))of superdeformed(SD) bands in A~130, 150, 190 mass regions have been studied. We have obtained the values of J~((1))and J~((2))for all the SD bands observed in the A~130, 150, 190 mass regions by using the experimental intraband E2 transition energies. The result of this work includes the variation of J~((1))with the product of valence proton and neutron numbers(N_pN_n). The phenomenon of band mixing has been observed in the A~130, 150 mass regions and band crossing has been observed in the A~190 mass region. The systematics also includes the variation of J~((2))with the product of valence proton and neutron numbers(N_pN_n). Evidence of staggering behaviour has been observed in all three A~130, 150 and 190 mass regions. We present for the first time the variation of J~((1))and J~((2))of SD bands in the A~130, 150, 190 mass regions with N_pN_n.     

Approximate radiative solutions of the Einstein equations

In this paper the external field of a bounded source emitting gravitational radiation has been considered. A successive approximation method has been used to integrate the Einstein equations in Bondi's coordinates. A method of separation of angular variables has been worked out and the approximate Einstein equations have been reduced to the key equations (3.8)–(3.10). The losses of mass, momentum, and angular momentum due to gravitational multipole radiation have been found. It has been demonstrated that in the case of proper treatment a real mass occurs instead of a mass aspect in a solution of the Einstein equations. In Appendix C Bondi's news function has been given in terms of sources.     

Precision mass measurements of short-lived nuclides at HIRFL-CSR in Lanzhou

In recent years, extensive short-lived nuclear mass measurements have been carried out at the Heavy- Ion Research Facility (HIRFL) in Lanzhou using Isochronous Mass Spectrometry (IMS). The obtained mass values have been successfully applied to nuclear structure and astrophysics studies. In this contribution, we give a brief introduction to the nuclear mass measurements at HIRFL-CSR facility. Main technical developments are described and recent results are summarized. Furthermore, we envision the future perspective for the next-generation storage ring facility HIAF in Huizhou.