Nd：YAG激光处理洞壁对玻璃离子水门汀充填体边缘微漏的影响

本文采用染料渗入法观察Nd:YAG激光照射洞壁后,玻璃离子充填材料边缘微漏的变化。表明激光可使釉质形成许多微孔,增大接触面积,而且局部有机质和水份气化,有利于羧基与Ca~++络合作用,使玻璃离子充填体边缘微漏显著下降。     

玻璃离子水门汀减少银汞合金边缘微渗漏的离体实验

目的：检验用玻璃离子水门汀减少银汞合金充填微渗漏的可能性和实际效果。方法：制作5个牙本质-玻璃离子水门汀(GIC)-银汞合金复合体样本，纵行剖开后用电镜观察牙本质-GIC-银汞合金界面情况。制作30个离体牙样本分为3组。实验组先用GIC覆盖窝洞各面，然后加压填入银汞合金。两个对照组分别仅用银汞合金或GIC充填。所有样本均在37℃20g／L碱性品红溶液内侵泡l周后纵行剖开，测量颜料自洞缘侵入的最大深度。结果：GIC与牙体硬组织形成紧密的化学结合，严密封闭了牙本质小管，并在银汞合金下方形成了约lOμm连续衬层。实验组色素自洞缘最大侵入深度较单纯使用银汞合金、玻璃离子的对照组明显减少，统计检验显示有极其显著差异。结论：使用GIC能显著减少银汞合金微漏，并减少外界对牙髓组织的刺激，从而在临床上可以降低继发龋的发生，提高银汞合金充填的成功率和使用寿命。     

玻璃离子水门汀粘接根汞合金的微渗漏实验研究

目的：通过比较玻璃离子水门汀和银汞合金粘接剂用于银汞合金粘接修复对微渗漏的影响,探讨临床应用玻璃离子水门汀替代银汞粘接剂的可能性。方法：染料渗入试验。结果：玻璃离子水门汀能明显降低银汞修复体的边缘渗漏,与空白对照组相比有极显著差异,与银汞粘接剂组相比无统计学差异。结论：玻璃离子水门汀粘接银汞合金微渗漏小,可替代银汞粘接剂。     

水调玻璃离子水门汀充填楔状缺损效果观察

楔状缺损是一种常见牙疾 ,修复材料有多种。玻璃离子水门汀是 2 0世纪 70年代开发出的新型齿科材料 ,国内外不断研制出新品种 ,其性能逐步得到改进和完善[1] 。作者采用德国ＤＥＮＳＰＬＹ公司生产的齿科材料 :ＣｈｅｍＦｉｌ○ＲＳｕｐｅｒｉｏｒ ,即水调玻璃离子 ,充填楔状缺损效果令人满意。1　材料与方法1.1　病例选择　随机选择门诊就诊的牙颈部楔状缺损的 2 0 0名患者 ,其中男性 110名、女性 90名。共查出 6 5 0颗牙有唇、颊侧牙颈部楔状缺损 ,无牙髓病变与牙体组织龋坏。1.2　方法　用慢球钻轻轻地清洁牙体缺损表面 ,再用 75 %的酒精…     

玻璃离子水门汀粘接银汞合金的微渗漏实验研究

目的通过比较玻璃离子水门汀和银汞合金粘接剂用于银汞合金粘接修复时对微渗漏的影响,探讨临床应用玻璃离子水门汀替代银汞粘接剂的可能性.方法染料渗入试验.结果玻璃离子水门汀能明显降低银汞修复体的边缘渗漏,与空白对照组相比有极显著差异,与银汞粘接剂组相比无统计学差异.结论玻璃离子水门汀粘接银汞合金微渗漏小,可替代银汞粘接剂.     

3种隔湿剂提高玻璃离子水门汀边缘封闭性的比较

目的:观察凡士林、Cocoa butter、光亮漆3种隔湿剂对传统玻璃离子水门汀充填体边缘封闭性能的影响,为临床使用隔湿剂提供依据.方法:将80颗新鲜离体后牙备洞后,随机分为A、B组(各40颗牙),分别用Gc Fuji Ⅸ型和上海产玻璃离子体水门汀充填窝洞.A、B 2组又分4个亚组(3组为实验组,1组为对照组),分别用凡士林(A2/B2组)、Cocoa butter(A3/B3组)、光亮漆(A4/B4组)涂在充填体的表面,对照组(A1/B1)充填体表面不做任何处理.经冷热交替实验(5℃/55℃,循环30次),采用染料渗入法,在体视显微镜下观察并记录充填体与洞壁间染料的渗入情况.采用SPSS13.0软件包对数据进行等级分组资料多样本比较的秩和检验.结果:2种玻璃离子充填体在各组中均有微渗漏现象;各实验组的边缘微渗漏较对照组轻.有统计学意义(P<0.05);3个实验组之间均无显著差异(P>0.05).结论:3种隔湿剂均可提高传统玻璃离子充填体与窝洞壁间的封闭性能.     

玻璃离子水门汀的研究进展

玻璃离子水门汀(GIC)作为传统的口腔修复材料已在口腔临床工作中应用了相当长的时间。但在临床应用中发现,传统玻璃离子水门汀存在着诸多缺点。近年来,研究者又在传统玻璃离子的基础上通过加入新成分相继开发出新型改性型玻璃离子水门汀。该文对近几年玻璃离子水门汀的发展做一简要综述。     

玻璃离子水门汀修复活髓牙牙体缺损的临床观察

目的 观察玻璃离子水门汀修复活髓牙牙体缺损的化学刺激性。方法 通过临床应用玻璃离子水门汀充填活髓牙牙体缺损。观察其化学性刺激对牙髓病变的影响。结果 用玻璃离子水门汀充填的431颗患牙的23.66%出现了牙髓病变。结论 玻璃离子水门汀对牙髓存在着化学刺激性,中龋以下的患牙作永久性充填时必须垫底。     

脱敏剂对水门汀边缘封闭性的影响

目的:评价脱敏剂对水门汀边缘封闭性的影响.方法:对48 颗离体牙进行牙体预备,暴露牙本质,随机分为4组:聚羧酸锌水门汀组、玻璃离子水门汀组、树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀组、树脂水门汀组,每组根据脱敏剂不同再分为Gluma小组、SingleBond2小组、BisBlock小组和对照小组.应用水门汀粘固树脂被粘体于脱敏处理后的牙本质表面.每小组3 个样本.所有样本在50% 硝酸银溶液中渗透6 h,荧光显影12 h 后剖开,测量显微镜下记录银离子渗透距离.采用SPSS 13.0统计软件对实验数值进行分析,取α=0.05.结果:SingleBond2组的微渗漏最低;Gluma脱敏剂减少了树脂和玻璃离子水门汀的微渗漏;BisBlock 使树脂和玻璃离子水门汀的微渗漏增加.结论:SingleBond2表现出最好的封闭效果;Gluma和Bisblock脱敏剂对微渗漏的影响与联用的水门汀相关.     

玻璃离子水门汀氟释放的离体研究

目的：观察两种临床常用的传统化学固化型玻璃离子水门汀Ｓｈｏｆｕ和ＣｈｅｍｆｉｌＳｕｐｅｒｉｏｒ在去离子水中氟释放情况。方法：采用氟离子选择电极法。结果：在整个３３ｄ的实验期间，两种材料都释放一定量氟，且随浸泡时间延长而氟释放量逐渐下降。两种材料浸泡第１天氟释放量最大，前３ｄ氟释放累计总量大于以后每１０ｄ氟释放量。结论：提示玻璃离子水门汀中氟释放存在初始爆发效应，同时在一定时期内能缓慢持续释放到周围环境中，具有一定的防龋潜力。     

Antibacterial and mechanical properties of propolis added to glass ionomer cement

Objective:To investigate whether adding ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) might influence the antibacterial and mechanical (shear-peel band strength [SPBS]) properties of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) used in orthodontic band cementation.Materials and Methods:The cement was divided into four groups: one using the original composition and three with 10%, 25%, and 50% EEP added to the liquid and then manipulated. An antimicrobial assay, broth-dilution method was used to determine the antibacterial capacity of the GIC containing EEP. Eighty teeth were used for the mechanical assay, and an Instron testing machine was used to evaluate the SPBS. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analyses.Results:GIC with the addition of 25% and 50% EEP activated inhibition of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) growth, but this effect did not occur in the group to which 10% EEP was added or in the control GIC group. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of SPBS (P > .05).Conclusions:The addition of EEP may increase antibacterial properties without negatively modifying the mechanical properties of conventional GIC.     

Failure behavior of glass ionomer cement under Hertzian indentation

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the load-bearing capacity and failure mode of various types of glass ionomer cement (GIC) under Hertzian indentation, exploring the relationship between the failure behavior and formulation, and examining claims of filler-reinforcement of GIC. METHODS: Discs 2mm thick, 10mm diameter, 8-18 replicates, were fabricated for two filler-reinforced GICs, four unmodified and unreinforced GICs, and four resin-modified GICs, with a dental silver amalgam and a filled-resin restorative material for comparison. Testing was at 23 degrees C, wet, after 7d storage at 37 degrees C in artificial saliva at pH 6, using a 20mm diameter hard steel ball and filled-nylon substrate (E: 10GPa). First failure was detected acoustically; mode was determined visually. At least 1/3 of specimens in each case were examined under scanning electronic microscope for corroboration. RESULTS: Reinforced and unmodified-unreinforced GICs were indistinguishable by failure load (one-way analysis of variance, P=0.425, overall 260+/-70N) and mode. Failure loads for resin-modified GICs were 360-1150N, amalgam approximately 680N, and filled resin approximately 1200N. Resin-modified GICs tended to be tougher (incomplete fracture), all others gave complete fracture (radial cracking). The stronger materials (two resin-modified GICs and filled resin) showed some cone cracking. SIGNIFICANCE: While resin-modified GICs showed various extents of increase of failure load over that of the plain GICs, consistent with the hybrid chemistry, filler-reinforcement was not evident for the two claimed products, consistent with structural and theoretical expectations.     

Light-cured glass ionomer cement as a retrograde root seal

A light-cured glass ionomer cement was investigated as a retrograde root seal, without a retrograde cavity. This was compared with the material used in a retrograde cavity, and with a conventional glass ionomer cement, as a seal. The adaptation and sealing ability of the test materials were assessed using a confocal optical microscope with a fluorescent dye. The root canals of 40 extracted human single-rooted teeth were prepared and filled with gutta-percha and sealer. All the teeth were subsequently apicected, then divided into four equal groups. In one group, a retrograde cavity was prepared, and the light-cured glass ionomer cement was placed as a retrograde root filling. No retrograde cavities were prepared in the three remaining groups. The light-cured glass ionomer cement was applied directly onto the apicected root face. Two different thicknesses of light-cured glass ionomer cement were tested, a thin layer (≈1 mm) in one group, and a thicker layer (<1 mm) in another group. A conventional glass ionomer cement was used in the last group, and applied directly onto the root face in a single thickness (≈1 mm). In the group where the light-cured glass ionomer cement was used in a retrograde cavity, the material was often well adapted to one cavity wall, but gaps were found on the opposite wall. The light-cured and conventional glass ionomer cement retrograde root seals were well adapted to the root face, regardless of the thickness of material used. The thinly applied (≈1 mm) light-cured glass ionomer cement retrograde root seals permitted the least leakage. This was significantly less than the light-cured glass ionomer cement used with a retrograde cavity (P > 0.001). The greatest extent of dye penetration was found with the thick (< 1 mm) light-cured and conventional glass ionomer cement (≈1 mm) root seals; the differences between these were not significant. The light-cured glass ionomer cement was only suitable as a retrograde root seal when a thin layer (≈1 mm) was used.     

三种全瓷粘结材料粘结GI-II渗透陶瓷底层冠边缘封闭性研究

目的评价3种全瓷粘结材料粘结后GI-Ⅱ渗透陶瓷底层冠边缘封闭性.方法用3种全瓷粘结材料粘结1 5个GI-Ⅱ渗透陶瓷底层冠,然后用2%亚甲兰溶液浸染1周,剖冠后体视镜下测量边缘微渗漏.结果Dyract Cemplus和Super Bond C&B粘结组边缘封闭性明显优于Hy-Bond glasionomer组.结论Dyract Cemplus和Super Bond C&B是粘结GI-Ⅱ渗透陶瓷冠的理想材料.     

玻璃离子水门汀修复髓室底穿孔的临床研究

目的探讨光固化玻璃离子水门汀修复髓室底穿孔的临床效果.方法应用光固化玻璃离子水门汀修复髓室底穿孔, 然后按常规进行牙髓病治疗,共38例38颗患牙.结果治疗完毕后X线片显示有2颗治疗牙超填,占5.26%; 所有治疗牙随访观察1.5-2年,其中36颗治疗牙成功,2颗治疗牙失败,成功率为94.74%, 2颗失败牙均系超填患牙.结论光固化玻璃离子修复髓室底穿孔是可行的, 是修复髓室底穿孔一种较好的材料.     

Dyract与玻璃离子水门汀治疗楔状缺损的疗效比较

目的对Ｄｙｒａｃｔ与玻璃离子水门汀（ＧＩＣ）治疗楔状缺损的临床疗效进行比较。方法用Ｄｙｒａｃｔ充填９２例３１２颗楔状缺损的患牙,ＧＩＣ充填１４５例３４６颗患牙,定期随访两年,观察形态、密合度、边缘着色、色泽、继发龋、牙龈炎症、牙髓反应七个方面的治疗效果。结果半年内两者临床效果无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）,１年后有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）,２年后有高度显著差异（Ｐ＜０．００５）。且Ｄｙｒａｃｔ在形态、色泽、密合度、继发龋、牙龈炎症等５个方面均优于ＧＩＣ（Ｐ＜０．０５）,其中以前两者为甚（Ｐ＜０．００５）。结论Ｄｙｒａｃｔ的远期疗效优于ＧＩＣ。     

光固化型与化学固化型玻璃离子水门汀细胞毒性的比较

目的：检测玻璃离子水门汀的细胞毒性，比较人牙周膜成纤维细胞、牙髓成纤维细胞和标准细胞株Ｌ９２９的敏感性。方法：用四唑盐（ＭＴＴ）显色法观察４种光固化型和化学固化型玻璃离子水门汀浸渍液的原液、１／２原液、１／４原液、１／８原液４个浓度对３种细胞的毒性作用。结果：光固化型玻璃离子水门汀Ｖｉｔｒｅｂｏｎｄ、化学固化的ＧＩ－１浸渍液的原液和１／２原液有较强的毒性，与对照组相比差别显著。其余两种和ＧＩ－１浸渍液的１／４原液和１／８原液呈较弱的体外细胞毒性。并且４种材料对３种细胞的毒性结果一致。结论：玻璃离子水门汀的细胞毒性与固化方式没有直接关系，原代培养的人牙周膜成纤维细胞、牙髓成纤维细胞在评价材料的细胞毒性方面与标准细胞株Ｌ９２９有相近的观察结果     

玻璃离子水门汀释放氟实验研究

目的　观察玻璃离子水门汀固化体 (GIC)在蒸馏水和人工唾液中释放氟状况。方法　选择 6种GIC ,每种材料制备成 8mm× 5mm的 5个溶出片 ,分别浸于 5ml的 37℃蒸馏水和人工唾液中 ,在 1、3、5、7、14、2 1、2 8、5 6d更换溶出液 ,并应用气相色谱和氟离子选择电极方法测定溶出液中氟含量。结果　GIC固化体释放氟量 2 4h内最高 ,然后急剧减低 ,14～ 5 6d间虽有减低但仍持续释放一定量氟 ;GIC(GCTypeIII、3M、上海青浦 )在蒸馏水中释放氟量明显高于人工唾液 ,松风产GIC在人工唾液中释放氟量明显高于蒸馏水中释放氟量 ;气相色谱测定溶出液氟量明显高于氟离子选择电极方法测定值。结论　本研究的 6种玻璃离子水门汀均能够释放氟 ,推测可能具有预防继发龋的作用     

The effect of glass ionomer cement and composite resin fillings on marginal gingiva

Abstract Glass ionomer cement and composite resin are the most popular restorative materials in operative dentistry today. Earlier studies have shown more crevicular exudate around different types of composite resins than around intact enamel surfaces. The aim of this study was (1) to investigate plaque, retention on and the condition of the gingiva around, 1-year-old, subgingivally located, glass ionomer cement and composite resin fillings, and (2) to compare the initiation of gingival inflammation around these materials with that around enamel during a 14-day period of experimental gingivitis. Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing and crevicular fluid were recorded and compared intra-individually. The amount of plaque and the degree of gingivitis adjacent to the composite fillings were not significantly higher than those for the glass ionomer cement and enamel surfaces in both the cross sectional and the experimental gingivitis study. Composite resin surfaces showed significantly higher crevicular fluid levels than did enamel at all days in the experimental gingivitis study. Glass ionomer cement showed significantly higher values at day-0 and day-7.