北极阿拉斯加埃尔松潟湖及入湖河口的现代有孔虫

本文对北极阿拉斯加西北部埃尔松湖及其入湖河口表层沉积物中的现代有孔虫进行了初步探讨。共发现活有孔虫６属９种,它们均为底栖有孔虫,属广盐性浅水种和冷水种,经常出现在北极,亚北极浅水陆架中。根据现代有孔虫的地理分布,可划分为２个有孔虫动物群：１．以Ｅｌ－ｐｈｉｄｉｕｍｅｘｃａｖａｔｕｍａｌｂａ为主的有孔虫群,该群栖息在盐度较高的Ｅｌｓｏｎ湖;２．以Ｅｌｐｈｉｄｉｕｍｏｒｂｉｃｕｌａｒｅ为主的有孔虫群,本群栖息在盐度低的河口。两个有孔虫动物群的形成与环境参数中的水体盐度和主要离子成分含量密切相关。因此,研究区内的现代有孔虫及其动物群与盐度等的关系,可为恢复古盐度、古环境提供重要信息。最后,对９个有孔虫种的特征进行了描述。     

滴水湖现生介形类与水环境因子间的典范对应关系

滴水湖作为人工新建湖泊,其生态系统形成过程中的跟踪数据对重建其他湖泊生态系统具有重要的参考意义。2013年7月和2014年8月对滴水湖现生介形类分布状况及水环境因子分别进行了调查,结果发现,滴水湖湖水盐度范围介于1.4‰—2.0‰之间,属于微咸水湖。12个采样点共鉴定出现生介形类13种,包括非海相类克氏丽星介Cypria kraepelini(G.W.Müller)和无偶斗星介Cypridopsis vidua(O.F.Müller),海相类中华洁面介Albileberis sinensis Hou、向岛薄丽星介Dolerocypria mukaishimensis Okubo、腹结细花介Leptocythere ventriclivosa Chen、东台新单角介Neomonoceratina dongtaiensis Yang et Chen、长新中华花介Neosinocythere elongata(Hu)、闪光似异口介Paradoxostoma nitida Ho、典型中华美花介Sinocytheridea impressa(Brady)、长中华海花介Sinopontocythere elongata(Gou)、古屋刺花介Spinileberis furuyaensis Ishizaki et Kato、美丽刺面介Spinileberis pulchra Chen和丰满陈氏介Tanella opima Chen。应用典范对应分析(CCA)方法对滴水湖12个样点的8种介形类和9个环境因子进行了相关性研究,结果显示:介形类和环境因子间具有明显的相关性;9个环境因子中叶绿素、总磷和电导率对介形类的分布影响最大,总氮和湖水水温对介形类也有一定影响;从物种分布状况看,相对于低分布频度物种,高分布频度(Y>0.01)物种对环境的耐受性更大,其中Cypria kraepelini和Neomonoceratina dongtaiensis对环境因子的敏感性明显高于其它物种。结合历史资料分析发现,不仅自然环境因子(如电导率、水温等),而且人为干扰因素(如总磷、总氮)都对介形类分布的改变起到重要影响。     

青海柴达木盆地东部不同盐度湖泊四季现生介形虫的分布特征及其环境指示意义

2014年我们对柴达木盆地东部盐度各异的四个湖泊,可鲁克湖、托素湖、尕海和小柴旦湖,分四季进行现生介形虫调查研究,探索柴达木盆地现生介形虫在盐度不同的水体中的分布规律,并分析了不同介形虫属种与其生存环境间的相互关系。结果表明,在所调查的4个湖泊中共分布有介形虫5属11种,其中在半咸水的托素湖中只分布有2个种,Eucypris inflata为优势属种,在四季均有产出,但在春、夏、秋三个季节13℃—20℃的温度范围内丰度巨大,而另一属种E.rischtanica只在春季有少量出现。可鲁克湖中虽然介形虫属种分布较多,共计4属8种,但全部是单壳,没有发现现生活体;尕海及小柴旦湖水盐度过高,不适宜介形虫的生长发育。     

渤海晚冰期以来环境变化的化石介形类证据

对渤海中央盆地Ｂ９２－３孔（芯长４２０ｃｍ）、Ｂ９２－１孔（芯长４２０ｃｍ）以及莱州湾Ｂ９２－２孔（芯长３３０ｃｍ）柱状样进行了介形类属种、丰度和分异度分析,并将Ｂ９２－３孔和Ｂ９２－１孔的介形类划分出６个组合带。根据渤、黄海地区不同沉积环境中现代介形类的分布,将剖面中的介形类分成滨岸－河口区的Ｓｉｎｏｃｙｔｈｅｒｉｄｅａ组合和近岸区的Ｍｕｎｓｅｙｅｌｌａ组合。按照地层１４Ｃ年代以及剖面中Ｓｉｎｏｃｙｔｈｅｒｉｄｅａ组合分子和Ｍｕｎｓｅｙｅｌｌａ组合分子的相对丰度变化,讨论了渤海晚冰期后期以来的古环境演化历史：晚冰期为河流、湖沼环境;大约１００００ａＢ．Ｐ．开始海侵,早全新世属滨岸－河口沉积;８７００ａＢ．Ｐ．前后开始水深加大,盐度提高;２４００ａＢＰ以后水深逐渐降低。     

海洋浮游介形类的多样性和生态学研究进展

海洋浮游介形类(ostracods)是一类分布较广的小型甲壳动物, 大多数是典型的有机碎屑摄食者, 本身又是中深层鱼类的饵料, 在海洋碳循环中起重要作用。目前海洋浮游介形类研究主要集中在海洋表层, 大约还有200—400 种的海洋浮游介形类未被发现, 尤其是栖息于深海的种类。今后介形类分类学研究的重要趋势之一是深海种类的发现。我国介形类研究起步晚, 积累少, 应加强我国不同海域深海介形类及其与环境关系的深入研究。文章综述了海洋浮游介形类的多样性和生态学等方面的研究进展, 重点概述了海腺萤科分类的发展, 比较分析了不同海域介形类的物种多样性和分布特征, 总结了浮游介形类的生态作用及其影响因素, 概括了我国海洋浮游介形类的研究现状, 以期为海洋生物多样性、海洋生物地球化学循环以及深海生态学等方面的研究提供基础依据。     

内蒙古海拉尔盆地南部地区晚白垩世青元岗组介形类

内蒙古海拉尔盆地南部探井青元岗组红色碎屑岩中发现较丰富的介形类化石,即下段的Ahanicypris obesa-Talicypridea triangulata组合和上段的Chinocypridea augusta-Talicypridea qingyuangangensis组合,这些介形类化石地方性色彩强烈,表现为以具冠状壳喙类型的Ahanicypris,Talicypridea,Chinocypridea和网纹发育的Harbinia等属繁盛为特征,反映了中国东北地区晚白垩世晚期介形类动物群面貌。根据介形类化石组合特征及其分布规律,可以与松辽盆地晚白垩世四方台组的介形类动物群对比,时代为晚白垩世Maastrichtian期。     

深海钻探计划(DSDP)31航次296站晚新生代介形类

本文研究了深海钻探(DSDP)31航次296站晚新生代介形类动物群的性质及其古海洋学意义.此站钻孔上部上新统至全新统以超微浮游生物软泥和粘土为主的16块岩芯中,共分析获得介形类化石8属11种,计有:Poseidonamicus major Benson, P. anteropunctatus Whatley et al., P. punctatus Whatley et al., Pennyella dorsoserrata (Brady), Henryhowella sp., Pterygocythere mucronalatum (Brady), Abyssocythere sp., Abyssocythereis sulcatoperforata (Brady), Pelecocythere sp., Krithe sp. 1和Krithe sp.2.这些介形类属种均为冷海域深海区介形类分子.由此表明,西北太平洋边缘地区在晚新生代曾为一深海区.在第四纪,其深度可能和现今296站的深度大致相当;在上新世,其深度可能更深一些.研究结果证实,深海底栖介形类属种的分布具全球性;在相当长的地质时期内,介形类属种的形态和壳饰都非常稳定,无明显变化.同时,进一步证实,介形类个体大小变化与深度相关,同一种介形类壳体随水域深度加深而增大.     

新疆准噶尔盆地上泥盆统美木属的两个种

美木属(Callixylon Zalessky,1911)是具有裸子植物解剖特征的茎干器官属,它主要产自晚泥盆世地层,仅个别可上延至下石炭统底部。迄今只在北半球发现,除两处产自高纬度外,其余均产自北纬35°—50°的狭长区域,其中以美国产地最多,次为苏联,北极加拿大、联邦德国、比利时和蒙古(Chaloner and Sheerin,1979;Lemoigne et al.,1983)、我国首次发现的美木属(蔡重阳,1986),产自新疆准噶尔盆地西北缘、和布克赛尔县城东南约30km的布龙果河西岸山坡上,地理位置大致为北纬45°,东经85°,与上述世界其它产地所处的纬     

海拉尔盆地介形类化石组合及其生物地层特征

本文简要概述了海拉尔盆地的沉积特征及其地层层序,深入分析了介形类化石纵、横向展布规律,建立了5个化石组合序列：1．Limnocypridea subscalara-Hailaeria dignata组合;2．Cypridea badalahuensis-Hailaeria cretacea组合;3．Ilyocyprimorpha hongqiensis-Rhinocypris rivulosus组合;4．Altanicypris obesa-Talicypridea triangulata组合;5．Chinocypridea augusta-T alicypridea qingyuangangensis组合。进而根据介形类组合及其分布特征,讨论了介形类化石的生物地层特征及其在地层划分对比中的重要意义。     

渤海海域秦皇岛30地区白垩纪介形类生物组合的新发现及其古生态特征

渤海海域一直缺乏白垩纪地层划分的古生物依据。本文通过秦皇岛30地区2口钻井473块岩屑样品的介形类分析,发现了13个属23个种,归纳为单肋女星介Cypridea unicostata-西氏枣星介Ziziphocypris simakovi介形类组合。通过分析该组合的特征分子及其他分子在国内外的地质延限分布情况,发现这一组合的时代为早白垩世瓦兰今期,地层可划归九佛堂组。渤海秦皇岛30地区所发现的这个介形类组合以中小个体卵形、椭圆形、壳面具蜂窝、肋纹的女星介Cypridea及卵形、壳面饰以脊纹的枣星介Ziziphocypris发育为特征,判断该介形类组合生活在有一定深度的浅湖环境中,结合地层岩性指示该段地层沉积时期为浅湖环境。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细