银环蛇中毒死亡鉴定方法的实验研究——活化长碳臂生物素：夹心ABC-ELISA检测银环蛇毒

用自制活化长碳臂生物素标记马抗银环蛇毒抗体进行夹心ＡＢＣ—ＥＬＩＳＡ测试，所获参数为：最小检出量０．２５ｎｇ／ｍｌ；标准曲线最适检测范围０．２５～２５０ｎｇ／ｍｌ；批内变异＜８％，批间变异＜１６％，不同浓度回收率为７８～８９％；与同科眼镜蛇毒无交叉反应。作者从法医学鉴定的实际需要出发，利用正交设计研究了各种因素对检测的影响，结果示：蛇咬死亡动物血液和肾脏为最佳检材，最长检出时间可达３０天。本方法常规应用可靠性强。     

生物素掺入反向杂交法在法医学中应用的研究

建立了一套快速、准确检测人类 HLA－ DQA基因的反向杂交检测技术,可准确判定 HLA－ DQA基因位点的 6个等位基因即 0101、 0102、 0103、 0201、 0301、 0401。调查了中国北方汉族人群中 200例无关个体的 HLA－ DQA基因频率及基因型的频率分布,杂合度 (H)为 0.75,个体识别能力 (DP)为 0.928。采用生物素直接掺入 PCR扩增的方法, 1ng的 DNA样品即可准确判型。对血液、血斑、精斑、精液与阴道液的混合斑、肌肉组织等检材进行检测,效果良好。在刑事案件及亲子关系鉴定中应用,准确地判定了检材的 HLA－ DQA基因型,为侦察破案提供了科学依据。将此项技术商品化,完成了试剂盒的研制。     

一种制备酶标记抗体的新技术及在血痕种属鉴定的应用

本实验建立了一种过碘酸钠氧化法为基础、制备ＨＲＰ标记的免抗人ＩｇＧ抗体的新技术。首先以己二酰二肼作为肼化剂，在ＩｇＧ分子上接上肼基，然后以过碘酸钠作为氧化剂，使ＨＲＰ分子上的糖基氧化为醛基，进而使醛基与联结在ＩｇＧ分子上的肼基形成Ｓｃｉｆｆ氏碱而达到酶与抗体的联接。在用斑点ＥＬＩＳＡ方法鉴别血痕种属的研究中，该法制各的酶标记抗体具有高效价，高敏感度，高特异性等优点。     

兔抗吗啡多克隆抗体制备

先将吗啡在 6 -羟基位改造为 6 -琥珀酰吗啡 ,再通过碳二亚胺将其与牛血清白蛋白或卵蛋白胶连分别制备免疫原和检测原 ,免疫新西兰大白兔制备出高效价 (1∶ 12 80 0 )抗吗啡多克隆抗体 ,为进一步制备抗吗啡单克隆抗体奠定基础     

单克隆抗体与百草枯反应的特性与进展

<正> 现分离出三种抗百草枯单克隆抗体,分别命名为APM-1,APM-2,和APM-3。为了评价这些单克隆抗体辩认各种类型的双吡啶基除草剂和百草枯的同类物的能力,我们建立了用抗生物素——生物素复体(ABC)的酶联免疫吸附检测的方法(ELISA)。这三种抗体对     

荧光免疫标记抗体法测定血痕ABO血型

目的探讨采用荧光免疫标记抗体法测定血痕血型的可行性和优点。方法根据抗原抗体特异性结合的原理,首先对抗A、抗B单克隆抗体进行荧光标记,然后使荧光标记抗体与相应抗原(血痕)在最佳条件下结合,最后荧光显微镜镜检,判定血痕的血型。结果采用该方法测定血痕的血型结果准确、灵敏度高、操作简单、检验时间短。结论该方法可以作为一种测定血痕血型的检验方法使用。     

北京地区汉族人群G1m(3)因子的频率分布调查

应用本实验室自制的酶标记Glm（3）单克隆抗体和Det－ELISA方法．对北京地区汉族人群Glm（3）基因分布频率进行调查。1材料与方法1．1血样采集北京地区301名无血缘关系的健康人的静脉血,置4℃冰箱保存。临用前20倍稀释,同时20倍稀释抗体。1．2主要试剂酶标记抗Glm（3）单克隆抗体〔HRP－mcAb－Glm（3）〕,为本实验室自制;显色液：4-氯-1．奈酚（Fluka公司）和DAB混合物。1．3检测方法按文献［1］方法检测Glm（3）。2结果和讨论2．IGIm（3）的表型判断在硝酸纤维膜上呈现蓝褐色斑点为Glm（3）阳性。2．2北京地区汉族人群Glm（3…     

单克隆抗A、抗B抗体的简易提纯和标酶

本文运用辛酸提取法,对小鼠腹水中的单克隆抗 A、抗 B 抗体进行纯化,并用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)加以标记,获得纯度好,抗体活性强,酶标克分子比值符合要求的酶环单克隆抗 A、抗 B抗体。     

单克隆抗体在法血清学上的应用及其制备方法的进展（综述）

血制和酶型等遗传标记在法医学个人识别与亲权鉴定中有着广泛的应用,目前,一般用免疫学方法和电泳技术对其进行测定,前者需用抗血清,其来源有二:1)天然抗体的分离,如抗-A 抗体可从螺丝和B 型血清中提取.抗-B 抗体可从霉菌和 A 型血清中提取,抗-H 抗体可以从鳝鱼血和荆豆种子浸出液中提取,抗-P 抗体可从山羊、猪等动物的血清中分离得     

ABO血型的微量检验法——免疫微球技术的应用

<正> 在生物学研究方面,免疫微体技术已被广泛地用于标记细胞表面的受体。本文描述了偶合于微体的抗体在法医ABO血型中的应用。微体(Estapor Latex PSI 496,2.9μm diameter,Rhone-Poulenc)部分地同纯化抗体偶联。该纯化抗体是在含有1％牛血清白蛋白的磷     

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human semen identification based on a biotinylated monoclonal antibody to a seminal vesicle-specific antigen

Monoclonal antibody mouse antihuman semen-5 (MHS-5) (immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1]) was biotinylated using N-biotinyl-w-aminocaproic acid-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. This monoclonal antibody-biotin conjugate recognized low molecular weight peptide bands between 10.5 and 20 kilodaltons on immunoblots of liquefied semen. Immunodominant peptides had molecular weights of 10.5, 11.5, and 13.5 kilodaltons. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed with the biotinylated-MAb and streptavidin peroxidase demonstrated sensitivity curves with lower limits of 10 ng of seminal fluid protein per microtiter well using 50 ng per well of monoclonal antibody-biotin conjugate. Cross-reactivity studies on a panel of human biological fluids and tissues demonstrated no cross-reactivity or false positives using the monoclonal antibody-biotin conjugate. The sensitivity of the monoclonal antibody-biotin ELISA was compared to ELISA based upon a polyclonal secondary antibody-peroxidase conjugate. These findings indicate that this ELISA assay, based on a biotinylated monoclonal antibody to a seminal vesicle-specific antigen, may be useful for semen identification.     

Methyl 3-[3',4'-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]-2-methyl glycidate: an ecstasy precursor seized in Sydney, Australia

Five 44 gallon drums labeled as glycidyl methacrylate were seized by the Australian Customs Service and the Australian Federal Police at Port Botany, Sydney, Australia, in December 2004. Each drum contained a white, semisolid substance that was initially suspected to be 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA). Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis demonstrated that the material was neither glycidyl methacrylate nor MDMA. Because intelligence sources employed by federal agents indicated that this material was in some way connected to MDMA production, suspicion fell on the various MDMA precursor chemicals. Using a number of techniques including proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((13)C NMR), GC/MS, infrared spectroscopy, and total synthesis, the unknown substance was eventually identified as methyl 3-[3',4'(methylenedioxy)phenyl]-2-methyl glycidate. The substance was also subjected to a published hydrolysis and decarboxylation procedure and gave a high yield of the MDMA precursor chemical, 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone, thereby establishing this material as a "precursor to a precursor."     

Identification of 1-butyl-3-(1-(4-methyl)naphthoyl)indole in a herbal mixture

Besides the cannabinoid mimetic JWH-073, a novel 4 methylnaphthoyl homologue of JWH-073 was detected in a herbal mixture. The structure of the compound was elucidated after thin layer chromatographic enrichment from the herbal mixture by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatographic mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. The paper outlines data after GC-MS, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and NMR spectroscopy, and describes the structure elucidation.     

The Characterization of 3,4-Dimethylmethcathinone (3,4-DMMC)

Analogs and derivatives of traditional illicit drugs are ever increasing in variety and creativity. Staying abreast of the new developments is a constant challenge for every forensic laboratory. Recently, a seizure from Australian Customs Service presented our laboratory with the designer cathinone 3,4-dimethylmethcathinone (3,4-DMMC). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry were employed to analyze the spectroscopic characteristics of this cathinone. As an analog, 3,4-DMMC exhibits similar if not identical IR and UV profiles to mephedrone (4-MMC) and methcathinone; however, the retention time from GC is unique as expected, and the electron impact fragmentation pattern is consistent with the fragmentation pattern of other cathinones. The chemical shifts of the carbons and hydrogens were assigned by both one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques, while the molecular weight was confirmed by LC/MS.     

胶体金免疫层析一步法快速检测G1m(3)因子

建立一种简便快速的胶体金免疫层析一步法 ,用于检测 G1m(3)因子。采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金颗粒 ,标记抗人 G1m(3)单克隆抗体 ,研制出抗人 G1m(3)因子免疫层析检测试剂盒。样品的 G1m(3)因子 ,与测试条上的金标记抗体结合后沿着反应膜移动 ,再与膜上固相抗体结合形成肉眼可见的红色反应带。使用该方法可检出 10万倍稀释的血清样品 ,整个试验只需 5 min完成。对常见的 2 3种动物血 (痕 )检验 ,未出现交叉反应。在 10 0例样品的检测中 ,本方法的检测结果 ,与 Dot- EL ISA的检测结果的符合率为 10 0 %。该方法适用于法医物证快速检验。     

A market study of green spray paints by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy.

A market study of 40 different green spray paints was carried out using infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The infrared technique distinguished between the 12 main groups based on their binder and extender composition. After visual comparison of the spectra 22 subgroups were observed. Raman spectroscopy was also carried out on the 40 reference paints in order to determine the pigment content. Analyses were undertaken using two different excitation sources: Argon ion (514.5 nm) and Helium-Neon (632.8 nm). The first generated strong fluorescence for most of the samples and created eight groups. Using the red laser, 15 classes were observed. Finally, using an analytical sequence starting with infrared spectroscopy followed by Raman Helium-Neon and then by Raman Argon laser, most of the paints were differentiated. In this study infrared and Raman spectroscopy complemented each other. FTIR supplied information about the binder and some extenders, and Raman provided information on the main organic pigments present.     

Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE): comparison of the performance in classification of ecstasy tablets. Part 2

Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) is assessed as an alternative to liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) currently used for 3,4-methylenedioxymethampethamine (MDMA) profiling. Both methods were compared evaluating their performance in discriminating and classifying samples. For this purpose 62 different seizures were analysed using both extraction techniques followed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). A previously validated method provided data for HS-SPME, whereas LLE data were collected applying a harmonized methodology developed and used in the European project CHAMP. After suitable pre-treatment, similarities between sample pairs were studied using the Pearson correlation. Both methods enable to distinguish between samples coming from the same pre-tabletting batches and samples coming from different pre-tabletting batches. This finding emphasizes the use of HS-SPME as an effective alternative to LLE, with additional advantages such as sample preparation and a solvent-free process.     

Detection of Denatonium Benzoate (Bitrex) Remnants in Noncommercial Alcoholic Beverages by Raman Spectroscopy

Illegal alcoholic beverages are often introduced into market using cheap technical alcohol, which is contaminated by denatonium benzoate (Bitrex) of very small concentration. Bitrex is the most bitter chemical compound and has to be removed before alcohol consumption. The home‐made methods utilize sodium hypochlorite to disintegrate particles of denatonium benzoate in alcohol and to remove bitter taste before trading. In this experimental studies, we propose a novel method that detects in a fast way the remnants of denatonium benzoate in dubious alcohol samples by Raman spectroscopy. This method applies a portable Raman spectrometer of excitation wavelength 785 nm and utilizes the effect of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to recognize the suspected alcoholic beverages. High effectiveness (over 98%) of YES/NO classification of the investigated samples was observed when the nonlinear algorithm support vector machine (SVM) was exploited at carefully adjusted detection parameters. The method can identify illicit alcohol within minutes.     

Identification and quantitation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (NaGHB) by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

The most common means of identification of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (NaGHB) involves using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of a suitable derivative. However, these methods may be complicated by possible shifts in chemical equilibrium between gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), GHB salts and the precursor lactone, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL). This paper addresses the technique of proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 13C NMR) for the direct and accurate identification of GHB and GBL. The application of 1H NMR for GHB quantitation is also discussed.