苏州市吴中区儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染的临床研究

目的 了解苏州市吴中区呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）在儿童急性下呼吸道感染中的发生率和临床特征.方法对2008年4月～2010年4月临床诊断为急性下呼吸道感染的住院患儿628例,入院后48h内采集患儿血清标本,应用固相酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）检测呼吸道合胞病毒IgM抗体.结果 628例下呼吸道感染患儿中,阳性164例,阳性率26.11%,其中男116例（18.47%）,女48例（7.64%）,无明显性别差异.全年均可检出RSV,发生率最高的是10～12月（33.04%）,最低的是4～6月（11.65%）.RSV感染多见于3岁以下,尤以6个月以下患儿感染率最高（38.19%）.结论呼吸道合胞病毒是引起吴中区儿童急性下呼吸道感染的主要病原,特别是婴幼儿感染率最高.     

小儿呼吸道合胞病毒感染分析

目的 探讨本地区呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）流行病学现状与感染者临床表现特点,探索有效诊治措施。方法 应用酶联免疫吸附（ElisA）法检测呼吸道感染患儿血清中早期特异性sv-IgM抗体,筛查阳性病例,进行临床观察与资料分析。结果 从4065例呼吸道感染者血清中检出Rsv-IgM阳性者604例,阳性率为14．9％,Rsv感染常年均有发病,冬春季为流行高峰,5岁以下小儿易感率高（81．6％）,男性高于女性,临床表现以低热、下呼吸道病变多见,婴幼儿多呈阵咳、喘憋症状明显。结论 对呼吸道疑似病毒性感染患儿,作血清学早期特异性IgM抗体检测,可以早期明确诊断,以利合理用药,避免治疗盲目性。     

2019年湖北省武汉市儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染临床特征及流行病学分析

目的分析2019年湖北省武汉市呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)引起儿童急性呼吸道感染(ARTI)的流行病学特征,总结其临床特点。方法收集2019年因ARTI在武汉儿童医院治疗的患儿鼻咽拭子标本。采用直接免疫荧光法检测样本中的RSV,根据临床资料进行流行病学分析。结果 2019年武汉市ARTI患儿中RSV阳性率为8.41%,不同年龄段患儿检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且RSV的检出率随患儿年龄增加而逐渐降低。男性患儿中的检出率高于女性患儿(P<0.05)。RSV在1-2、12月检出率最高,在5-7月检出率最低。患儿临床表现主要为咳嗽、发热、喘息。部分患儿可出现其他并发症,如肝功能异常、癫痫、心律失常、中耳炎等。RSV与其他呼吸道病毒的混合感染率为2.81%,主要为副流感病毒3型及腺病毒。结论 RSV是武汉市儿童ARTI的常见病原,流行时间为12月至次年2月,患儿年龄越小越容易被感染。RSV易与副流感病毒3型及腺病毒发生混合感染。     

儿童先天性心脏病体外循环术后呼吸道合胞病毒感染临床研究

目的探讨先天性心脏病(先心病)体外循环术后呼吸道合胞病毒感染的特点、转归及治疗原则。方法回顾性分析2 423例行体外循环心脏畸形矫治术患儿临床资料,对术后发生呼吸道合胞病毒感染的11例患儿进行统计分析。结果先心病体外循环术后呼吸道合胞病毒感染发生率为0.46%,11例感染患儿中死亡6例;术后ICU停留中位时间25d,机械通气中位时间429h;二次气管插管8例,使用经鼻持续气道正压通气4例,使用高频振荡呼吸机通气7例;术后合并其他细菌感染8例,其中多重感染5例。结论先心病体外循环术后呼吸道合胞病毒感染的发生率低,但病情进展迅速、预后不良。     

苏州地区急性呼吸道感染患儿呼吸道合胞病毒抗原的检测及其意义

呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是引起婴幼儿急性下呼吸道感染的重要病原.我们用直接免疫荧光技术对2001～2006年苏州地区因急性呼吸道感染就诊的门诊及住院患儿13 793例进行鼻咽分泌物的RSV抗原检测,探讨其感染特点,报道如下.     

江苏省常州地区急性呼吸道感染患儿呼吸道合胞病毒流行病学特点

目的探讨常州地区急性呼吸道感染（ARTI）患儿呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）的流行病学特点。方法选取2011年1月—2012年12月在本院就诊的ARTI患儿3483例。采集患儿鼻咽分泌物,直接免疫荧光法检测RSV病毒抗原。结果所有患儿中共检出RSV阳性标本627例,总阳性率为18.00%（627/3843）,其中2011年阳性率为22.96%（306/1333）,2012年阳性率为14.93%（321/2150）,2011年RSV感染率明显高于2012年,差异有统计学意义（χ2=35.904,P=0.000）。男孩RSV感染率明显高于女孩。随年龄的增加,RSV感染率逐渐下降,新生儿感染率最高。RSV流行高峰期在每年的冬春季节,且毛细支气管炎患儿为好发人群。结论 RSV是常州地区ARTI患儿的重要病原体,3岁以内儿童多见,好发于冬春季,在毛细支气管炎患儿中检出率最高。     

儿童下呼吸道合胞病毒感染120例临床特点分析

目的:分析儿童下呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染的临床特点。方法:随机选取我院2013年6月~2014年9月小儿内科收治入院的120例确诊为下呼吸道合胞病毒感染患儿,直接荧光免疫技术检测鼻咽分泌物呼吸道合胞病毒抗原阳性,总结分析患儿的临床特点。结果:合胞病毒感染的下呼吸道感染患儿中,毛细支气管感染率为40.00%,支气管肺炎感染率为49.17%,支气管炎感染率为10.83%;男性患儿感染率为65.00%,女性患儿感染率为35.00%;2岁以下患儿感染率为75.83%,2岁以上患儿感染率为24.17%;临床症状:咳嗽95.00%、咳痰95.00%、发热85.00%、气喘83.33%、流鼻涕95.83%;重症患儿35.83%,轻症患儿64.17%;冬春两季RSV发病率为86.67%,夏秋两季RSV发病率为13.33%。结论:儿童RSV感染主要爆发于冬春两季,儿童年龄越小,RSV感染率越高,男童较女童更易感染RSV,临床症状以轻症为主,主要症状为咳嗽、咳痰、发热、气喘及流鼻涕。     

兰州地区成人呼吸道合胞病毒感染状况分析

目的了解冬春季节兰州地区因急性呼吸道感染住院患者呼吸道合胞病毒感染状况。方法2003年11月～2004年4月，对兰州地区3家三级甲等医院呼吸科年龄16岁或以上467例因急性呼吸道感染而住院治疗的患者，通过间接酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA，定量法）检测血清中病毒（RSV）特异性IgM抗体。结果467例患者中有68例（68／467，14．6％）检测出呼吸道合胞病毒IgM抗体阳性。结论呼吸道合胞病毒是兰州地区冬春季节成人急性呼吸道感染住院患者重要的病毒病原体。     

呼吸道合胞病毒在中国的流行季节

呼吸道合胞病毒（ＲＳＶ）是最严重的下呼吸道感染的病毒病原。它导致世界性的婴幼儿肺炎和支气管炎。１９５６年Ｗｏｒｒｉｓ首次从患有呼吸道症状的黑猩猩身上分离出ＲＳＶ,次年Ｃｈａｎｏｃｋ等人从２名患有下呼吸道疾病的婴儿体内分离到相同的病毒ＲＳＶ。从此,世界...     

Influenza A in Young Children with Suspected Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of influenza A in young children suspected of having respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and to compare the clinical presentation of these patients with those who have proven RSV infection. METHODS: Children younger than or at 36 months of age who presented to a pediatric emergency department (ED) with suspected RSV infection during the influenza A season of 2001-2002 were eligible. Eligible children had an RSV antigen test ordered as part of their initial clinical management. A consecutive sample of children was enrolled for prospective observational analysis. The main outcome measure was the prevalence of influenza A in young children with suspected RSV infection. The secondary outcome measure was a comparison of the clinical presentations, of the two groups. RESULTS: During the study period, 420 patients presented for evaluation of respiratory illness. RSV tests were ordered on 251 patients. Of 197 eligible patients, 124 (63%) tested positive for RSV and 33 (17%) for influenza A. Influenza A patients were more likely to have temperatures at or above 39 degrees C than RSV patients (36% vs. 15%; p = 0.01). RSV patients were more tachypneic (54 vs. 43 breaths/minute; p < 0.0001) and more often had wheezing (90% vs. 8%; p < 0.0001). Twenty influenza patients (61%) were hospitalized. CONCLUSIONS: This study found a high prevalence of influenza A in young children suspected of having RSV infection. Clinicians should consider influenza A in young febrile children presenting with respiratory illnesses.     

Protection against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection by DNA Immunization

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and the elderly and is a continuing challenge for vaccine development. A murine T helper cell (Th) type 2 response associates with enhanced lung pathology, which has been observed in past infant trials using formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine. In this study, we have engineered an optimized plasmid DNA vector expressing the RSV fusion (F) protein (DNA-F). DNA-F was as effective as live RSV in mice at inducing neutralizing antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, protection against infection, and high mRNA expression of lung interferon γ after viral challenge. Furthermore, a DNA-F boost could switch a preestablished anti-RSV Th2 response towards a Th1 response. Critical elements for the optimization of the plasmid constructs included expression of a secretory form of the F protein and the presence of the rabbit β-globin intron II sequence upstream of the F-encoding sequence. In addition, anti-F systemic immune response profile could be modulated by the route of DNA-F delivery: intramuscular immunization resulted in balanced responses, whereas intradermal immunization resulted in a Th2 type of response. Thus, DNA-F immunization may provide a novel and promising RSV vaccination strategy.     

石家庄地区儿童呼吸道病毒感染病原学及流行特征分析

目的 调查石家庄地区儿童呼吸道病毒感染的病原学及流行特征,为当地儿童保健和疾病的预防提供依据.方法 回顾性分析2018年12月～2019年12月在河北省儿童医院治疗的10079例患儿呼吸道病毒检测资料.采用直接免疫荧光法检测鼻炎分泌物中七种常见呼吸道病毒抗原,包括呼吸道合胞病毒(Respiratorysyncytica...     

婴幼儿呼吸道合胞病毒感染的免疫机制

呼吸道合胞病毒 (RSV)感染的发病机制尚未完全阐明 ,免疫系统在其发病中可能占重要地位。现就免疫细胞、免疫分子等方面的研究进展作一综述     

Eliminating a Region of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Attachment Protein Allows Induction of Protective Immunity without Vaccine-enhanced Lung Eosinophilia

In a murine model of respiratory syncytial virus disease, prior sensitization to the attachment glycoprotein (G) leads to pulmonary eosinophilia and enhanced illness. Three different approaches were taken to dissect the region of G responsible for enhanced disease and protection against challenge. First, mutant viruses, containing frameshifts that altered the COOH terminus of the G protein, were used to challenge mice sensitized by scarification with recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) expressing wild-type G. Second, cDNA expressing these mutated G proteins were expressed by rVV and used to vaccinate mice before challenge with wild-type respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). These studies identified residues 193–205 to be responsible for G-induced weight loss and lung eosinophilia and showed that this region was not was not necessary for induction of protective immunity. Third, mice were sensitized using an rVV that expressed only amino acids 124–203 of the G protein. Upon RSV challenge, mice sensitized with this rVV developed enhanced weight loss and eosinophilia. This is the first time that a region within RSV (amino acids 193–203) has been shown to be responsible for induction of lung eosinophilia and disease enhancement. Moreover, we now show that it is possible to induce protective immunity with an altered G protein without inducing a pathological response.     

利巴韦林雾化联合免疫球蛋白治疗年龄小于3个月婴儿呼吸道合胞病毒感染疗效观察

【目的】评价利巴韦林雾化联合免疫球蛋白治疗年龄小于3个月婴儿呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）感染疗效。【方法】将入住本院治疗的年龄小于3个月婴儿呼吸道合胞病毒感染患儿100例按不同治疗方法分为联合治疗组和常规治疗组两组各50例,所有患儿均给予保持呼吸道通畅、止咳化痰、预防感染、维持内环境稳定等对症支持治疗,在此基础上联合治疗组给予利巴韦林雾化及免疫球蛋白（IVIG）静脉注射,常规组单用利巴韦林雾化,观察比较两组患儿的临床疗效。【结果】联合治疗组喘憋、呼吸急促持续时间显著短于常规组（P〈0．05）;肺部哆音消失时间明显早于常规组（P〈0．05）;总有效率（96．0％）显著高于常规组（82％）。【结论】利巴韦林雾化联合免疫球蛋白治疗年龄小于3个月婴儿婴儿呼吸道合胞病毒感染可明显提高临床疗效。     

Atypical Pulmonary Eosinophilia Is Mediated by a Specific Amino Acid Sequence of the Attachment (G) Protein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

We analyzed the immune responses evoked by a series of overlapping peptides to better understand the molecular basis for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G protein–induced eosinophilia in BALB/c mice. In vitro stimulation of spleen cells from natural G protein–primed mice showed dominant proliferative and cytokine (interferon [IFN]-γ and interleukin [IL]-5) responses to a peptide encompassing amino acids 184–198. Mice vaccinated with peptide 184– 198 conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin showed significant pulmonary eosinophilia (39.5%) after challenge with live RSV. In contrast, mice immunized with a peptide (208–222) conjugate associated with induction of IFN-γ secreting spleen cells did not exhibit pulmonary eosinophilia after challenge. The in vivo depletion of CD4⁺ cells abrogated pulmonary eosinophilia in mice vaccinated with the peptide 184–198 conjugate, whereas the depletion of CD8⁺ cells had a negligible effect. Therefore, we have identified an association between peptide 184– 198 of natural G protein and the CD4⁺ T cell–mediated induction of pulmonary eosinophilia after live RSV challenge. Out of 43 human donors, 6 provided peripheral blood mononuclear cells that showed reactivity to G protein from RSV A2, 3 of which responded to peptide 184– 198. The results have important implications for the development of a vaccine against RSV.     

住院患儿急性下呼吸道感染病毒学调查

目的了解住院患儿急性下呼吸道感染（acute lower respiratory infection,ALRI）的病毒感染状况,为临床儿童ALRI提供病毒病原学诊断依据。方法选择2008年10月至2009年5月在九江市妇幼保健院呼吸内科住院的ALRI患儿179例,取其入院当天静脉血,进行呼吸道病毒Ig M检测,包括呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、腺病毒（ADV）、流感病毒（IV）、副流感病毒（PIV）,并对检测标本阳性的病例进行统计分析。结果 179例送检标本,阳性39例,占21.7%（39/179）。在39例阳性标本中,RSV34例、占87.2%,ADV1例、占2.6%,IV2例、占5.1%,PIV2例、占5.1%。RSV感染的发病高峰在1、12月份,RSV感染多见于3岁以下儿童,男、女发病比例为2.09∶1。结论本院2008年10月至2009年5月住院患儿中,引起ALRI的病毒病原体以RSV为主,IV和PIV次之。