成人下腰椎骨折合并马尾神经损伤的手术治疗

目的探讨成人下腰椎骨折合并马尾神经损伤的手术治疗方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析2004年1月—2010年10月在我科进行手术治疗并随访1.5年以上的34例下腰椎骨折合并马尾神经损伤患者,比较手术前后影像学资料、ASIA功能评分等指标。结果术后随访1.5年以上,ASIA神经损伤评分明显改善,无加重病例发生,术后X线示:脊柱后凸畸形矫正,椎体高度恢复至正常椎体高度80%～95%,磁共振(MR)检查:椎管无明显狭窄,伤椎局部硬膜囊无明显致压物存在。结论椎体爆裂骨折伴马尾神经损伤的患者,通过早期行后路椎板减压、马尾神经回纳、硬膜修补、椎弓根钉内固定植骨融合可取得较好疗效。     

胸腰段脊柱爆裂骨折前路与后路手术疗效对比观察

目的 对胸腰椎爆裂骨折行前路手术和后路手术的患者进行回顾性研究,客观评价不同手术入路治疗后的影像学结果,为胸腰椎爆裂骨折的外科治疗提供可靠的参考.方法 筛选2003年1月-2005年12月收治的41例胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者作为研究对象,随访24～48个月,平均38个月.按照手术人路分为前路手术和后路手术两组.根据随访X线侧位片测量Cobb角作为效果评价标准,并进行统计学分析.结果 前路手术组共19例,人院时平均Cobb角为27.3°,术后为3.1°,随访结束时为4.6°;后路手术组共22例,入院时平均Cobb角为26.1°,术后为3.0°,随访结束时为12.5°.两组患者术前和术后即刻Cobb角差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但随访结束时两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 前路手术对于改善和维持胸腰椎爆裂骨折后凸角度优于后路手术.     

后路椎弓根固定加椎间植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的 探讨后路椎弓根螺钉同定联合椎间植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的疗效. 方法对62例胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者采用后路减压国产通用型脊柱固定系统(general spine system, GSS)椎弓根螺钉固定联合椎间植骨融合手术,比较术前、术后相邻椎体上下终板成角(Cobb角)、椎体前缘高度与正常高度的比值、椎管骨性占位率等指标,了解术后骨折复位情况以及随访期间内固定有无失败和复位丢,大情况. 结果通过手术减压复位,Cobb角、椎体前缘高度与正常高度的比值、椎管骨性占位率均明显改善.术后随访测量与术后相比无明显变化,无一例发生内固定失败. 结论后路椎弓根螺钉联合椎间植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折可以有效防止内固定失败、复位丢失和后凸畸形,是治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折较理想的方法.     

后路椎体次全切钛网植入内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的探讨经后路椎体次全切钛网植骨融合椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床疗效。方法 2012年6月~2014年6月,笔者运用胸腰椎损伤评分系统(TLICS评分)和脊柱载荷评分系统(LSC评分),对纳入的35例成人[男性21例,女性14例;年龄26~45岁,平均(37.4±6.3)岁]胸腰椎爆裂骨折,采用一期经后路椎弓根内固定撑开复位,伤椎椎体次全切,椎管减压,钛网植骨融合手术。采用美国脊柱损伤学会分级(ASIA)进行神经功能评估,通过X线和CT评估术前、术后及末次随访时伤椎椎体高度、椎管占位情况和椎间融合情况。结果手术均顺利完成,6例术后并发脑脊液漏,余无严重并发症发生。所有病例均获随访,随访时间平均为(15.3±6.8)个月,除5例患者术前神经功能为A级外,余30例患者神经功能均有不同程度提高。术后影像学显示减压及复位效果满意,末次随访时植骨全部获得骨性融合,无假关节形成。结论经后路椎体次全切减压,前中柱重建脊柱序列,固定融合治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折手术操作相对简便,减压彻底,并发症少,有效恢复椎体高度及椎管容积,是胸腰椎骨折的一种有效治疗方法。     

侧卧位一期前后联合入路治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨侧卧位一期前后联合入路治疗严重胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床效果。方法 2008年9月～2011年5月期间,笔者手术治疗32例成人严重胸腰椎爆裂骨折,Denis分型,D型22例,E型10例;术前神经功能按美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)分级:A级5例,B级13例,C级11例,D级3例。均采用侧卧位,先行后路椎板减压,椎弓根钉内固定撑开复位、恢复脊柱序列,前路同体位一期伤椎椎体次全切除、椎管减压、钛网植骨融合。术后定期随访,比较患者术前、术后影像学上Cobb角及椎管容积变化,手术前后ASIA分级变化,进行疗效评价。结果随访10～24个月,平均15个月。术前椎管占位平均68.5%,Cobb角平均34.3°,术后影像学检查显示减压及复位效果满意,椎管内占位骨块全部切除,Cobb角平均3.2°;除术前A-SIA分级A级的1例神经功能无恢复,其余31例神经功能均有1～2级的恢复。结论侧卧位一期前后联合入路治疗严重胸腰椎爆裂骨折可以获得满意的临床效果。     

下腰椎爆裂骨折后路固定后前路支撑融合术的适应证选择与疗效分析

目的 探讨下腰椎爆裂骨折后路固定后前路支撑融合术的适应证选择,分析前路支撑融合术对下腰椎骨折临床疗效的影响.方法 回顾性分析1997年7月-2006年7月26例下腰椎骨折患者,其中男22例,女4例;年龄26～54岁,平均34岁.手术方法为Ⅰ期后路内固定、后外侧融合,2周后行前路自体髂骨支撑融合.影像学测量伤椎楔变指数(IVW)、伤椎Cobb角(α)、伤椎下终板与伤椎相邻上方椎体的上终板之间的夹角(β)及后凸Cobb角(γ).疗效评价采用腰痛评分法(low back outcome score, LBOS).结果 本组患者全部获得平均16个月(6～42个月)的随访.X线片示固定节段骨性融合,无假关节形成,自体髂骨植骨块无松动、脱出或椎间隙塌陷.IVW术前为0.6,术后为0.7,末次随访时为0.7;α术前为12°,术后为6°,末次随访时为6°;β术前为6°,术后为-5°,末次随访时为-4°;γ术前为-13°,术后为-22°,末次随访时为-21°.LBOS评分的优良率为93%.结论 前路支撑融合术的主要适应证为:(1)椎体粉碎较严重,前方椎体高度丢失50%以上,节段成角＞12°;(2) 椎板骨折移位或"嵌入"骨折椎板伴马尾神经卡压,后路短节段内固定减压术后,椎体高度恢复欠佳或残留后凸畸形;(3) 前路支撑融合可重建脊柱稳定性,恢复腰椎矢状面形态,明显降低后路内固定的并发症发生率,并能有效预防迟发性神经损害、创伤性后凸畸形及慢性腰痛.     

后路短节段钉棒系统结合伤椎椎弓根钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的 探讨后路短节段钉棒系统结合伤椎椎弓根钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的价值.方法本组患者33例,伤椎部位:T_(11)3例,T_(12)11例,L_110例,L_29例.其中单纯压缩骨折3例,爆裂骨折30例.合并截瘫33例.对单纯压缩骨折行后路短节段钉棒系统结合伤椎椎弓根钉内固定术.对合并截瘫椎管占位明显者固定后行后路椎板减压、椎管开大术,并行小关节突及横突间植骨融合.用Frankel分级评估神经功能.结果 术后33例均获随访,平均随访时间14.5个月.术后X线片示椎弓根钉位置好,伤椎复位外形好.随访期内固定无松动或断裂,无慢性腰痛,伤椎高度无丢失.33例合并不全瘫.术前Frankel级:A级1例,B级7例,C级16例,D级9例;术后Frankel分级:A级1例,B级1例,C级5例,D级10例,E级16例.结论 对于胸腰椎骨折尤其是胸腰椎爆裂骨折,后路短节段钉棒系统结合伤椎椎弓根钉固定术是一种疗效可靠的内固定方法.     

经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨结合椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的长期疗效观察

目的研究经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨结合椎弓根螺钉治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的长期疗效。方法在89例胸腰椎爆裂骨折中,75例获得随访,其中52例接受了经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨结合椎弓根螺钉内固定手术,23例则采用了单纯后路复位、椎弓根螺钉内固定、后外侧植骨融合术。观察指标包括神经功能改善、Cobb角改变、伤椎与正常椎高度比、VAS疼痛评分改变等。结果两组患者在神经功能改善、Cobb角改变、伤椎与正常椎高度比、VAS疼痛评分改变方面无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,但第2组患者内固定失败率较高。结论经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨结合椎弓根螺钉内固定能很好恢复伤椎的高度,避免后凸畸形的复发,同时有助于临床症状的改善,而且内固定失败率较低。     

经后路椎体次全切除术联合椎间支撑植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的疗效分析

目的探究经后路椎体次全切除术联合椎间支撑植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年1月—2017年1月第九八医院骨科收治的胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折患者60例,其中男性35例,女性25例;年龄25～51岁,平均37.4岁。根据手术方式分为植骨术组和联合组各30例。植骨术组实施经后路椎体次全切除联合椎间支撑植骨术,联合组实施前后路联合手术。比较两组平均手术时间、平均术中出血量、平均住院时间和术后愈合时间、术后并发症情况、术后不同时间点VAS评分、健康状况调查简表(SF-36)评分、Cobb角和椎体高度压缩率。结果术后所有患者获得随访,随访方式为电话随访或来院随访,时间12～28个月,平均17.3个月。植骨术组平均手术时间[(139.3±37.2)min vs.(182.5±42.6)min]、平均术中出血量[(216.5±57.2)mL vs.(327.9±75.8)mL]、术后平均住院时间[(7.5±1.4)d vs.(9.3±2.0)d]和平均骨折愈合时间[(6.2±0.9)个月vs.(7.4±1.1)个月]均小于联合组(P<0.05)。术后部分患者出现切口感染、切口疝、脑脊液漏、植骨块移位和内固定失效,经对症处理或二次手术后均好转,植骨术组术后并发症总发生率高于联合组(P<0.05)。术后3、6个月时两组VAS评分、SF-36评分、Cobb角和椎体高度压缩率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论严重胸腰椎爆裂性骨折,经后路椎体次全切除术联合椎间支撑植骨疗效与前后路联合手术相当,手术创伤更小,值得推广。     

短节段通用脊柱系统内固定加伤椎内植骨治疗胸腰椎不稳定骨折

目的探讨应用短节段通用脊柱系统（USS）骨折内固定术及伤椎内植骨治疗胸腰椎不稳定骨折的临床疗效。方法对40例急性单节段胸腰椎不稳定骨折行后路短节段USS骨折内固定术及伤椎内植骨,对患者手术前后的椎体高度、Cobb’s角进行比较,观察术后1年内固定材料有无松动、断裂,椎体内及椎板间植骨融合情况,神经功能恢复情况。结果 40例患者术后1周、1年伤椎前后缘高度比值、Cobb’s角较术前均明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,术后1周与1年上述指标比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,术后1年未见内固定材料松动、断裂,椎体内及椎板间植骨均骨性融合,有5例神经功能较术前好转。结论短节段USS骨折内固定术及伤椎内植骨治疗胸腰椎不稳定骨折,椎体内及椎板间植骨融合率高,能有效防止术后矫正角度丢失及内固定失败。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.