不同形貌纳米MgO的制备及其应用研究

介绍了纳米MgO的研究现状,从晶体形貌形成机理入手,对粒子状、线状、片状、花状等不同形貌MgO的制备工艺进行详细介绍。同时论述了纳米MgO在抗菌方面和吸附方面的应用,最后讨论了现在研究的不足及以后的研究方向。     

微纳米抗菌材料与器械研究现状

随着微纳米技术的发展,微纳米抗菌材料及其在医疗器械中的应用已成为近年来的研究热点。按抗菌有效成份及其作用机理的不同,对微纳米抗菌材料进行了分类;介绍了不同类别微纳米抗菌材料的制备方法和抗菌机理;根据微纳米抗菌材料在医疗器械中的应用现状,重点介绍了银基微纳米材料在抗菌医用导管、抗菌敷料、植入材料、牙科材料和外科器械等方面的应用;分析了目前微纳米抗菌材料与器械研究、应用、检测和市场推广中存在的问题,尤其关注了近几年国内外关于含银医疗器械生物安全性的争议;展望了未来微纳米抗菌材料与器械的研究发展方向。     

医用导尿管的表面抗菌改性研究

将纳米SiO2作为抗菌剂载体，制备出一种新型栽银锌纳米SiO2抗菌剂，再对其用硅烷偶联剂KH-550处理。采用紫外光辐射法对医用导尿管进行表面活化，制备得表面接枝载银锌纳米SiO2抗菌剂的抗菌导尿管。IR、抑菌环实验结果表明，抗菌剂以化学价键的形式接枝到导尿管表面，制得的抗茵导尿管对大肠杆菌有明显的抑菌作用．     

合成氧化锌纳米粒子形貌的调控机理和方法

纳米ZnO作为一种重要的宽带隙半导体材料，具有与体材料明显不同的电、磁、光等性质，逐渐成为研究的热点并得到广泛应用。氧化锌纳米粒子的形貌对其性质和应用具有重要的影响。介绍了纳米氧化锌粒子制备过程中形貌调控的机理和主要方法，并讨论了氧化锌纳米粒子制备的发展趋势和研究方向。     

生物高分子纳米复合材料在食品包装中的应用

简述了聚合物纳米复合材料的制备及表征方法,主要论述了纳米填料对可降解生物高分子性能尤其是阻隔性的影响。指出了改善纳米填料的分散程度以及与聚合物的相容性是材料开发的关键,如何制备具有高性价比的功能性降解包装材料(如抗菌性)并满足相关法规要求,将会成为新的发展方向之一。     

纳米粘土的制备及应用研究进展

介绍了纳米粘土的制备方法及地质学研究的最新进展,指出制备纳米粘土的粘土矿物除了蒙脱石外,还有高岭石、海泡石、蛭石、坡缕石、累脱石等.阐述了纳米粘土在聚合物基纳米复合材料,抗茵材料,贮能材料,以及医药、催化和环保等领域的应用现状,并提出纳米粒子的分散和实现大规模工业化生产是纳米粘土应用目前所面临的问题.     

茶多酚/聚乳酸复合纳米纤维膜的制备及抗菌性能研究

采用静电纺丝技术,分别制备了聚乳酸(PLA)质量分数为8%的纳米纤维膜及茶多酚(TP)质量分数分别为0.5%、0.75%和1%的茶多酚/聚乳酸复合纳米纤维膜.借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察和红外光谱分析,并利用振荡烧瓶法测试薄膜的抗茵性能.SEM图分析表明,添加TP对纳米纤维形态的分布影响不大.由红外光谱图分析可知,复合纳米纤维膜中确实存在茶多酚.抗茵结果表明,茶多酚/聚乳酸复合纳米纤维膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有良好的抗茵作用,并且随着纺丝液中TP含量的增加,抗茵性能不断提高,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌效果也更好.     

静电纺丝纳米复合抗菌纤维膜的研究进展

由于目前市售抗菌膜存在功能性差、污染环境、成本高等缺点,将抗菌纳米颗粒和纤维复合制备出具有抗菌功能的纳米纤维膜成为研究和开发的热点。总结了采用静电纺丝技术,以聚合物为基材,通过添加高活性的抗菌纳米颗粒,制备出复合的纳米纤维膜并在抗菌领域中的应用进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

纳米多孔无机材料的显微结构设计

综述了近年来在制备纳米多孔无机材料时对材料显微结构设计的一些主要思路，并结合近年来纳米多孔无机材料在能源、光电子、材料、化工等领域的实际应用，讨论了此类材料目前面临的问题和今后研究发展的方向。众多研究显示，充分发挥纳米尺寸孔的结构优势和无机材料本身优良的化学性能是此类材料开发的核心思路。对材料纳米结构的控制、梯度孔径的控制、表面修饰技术、制备工艺的优化可改善材料性能，拓展其应用领域；新型纳米多孔无机材料将朝着多种材料复合，多级结构并存的方向发展。     

磁控溅射镀膜织物的抗菌性能研究进展

磁控溅射作为一种低温高速溅射技术,是新型的织物表面改性方法。通过对磁控溅射基本原理和纳米银(Ag)、纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)、纳米氧化镁(MgO)和纳米氧化锌(ZnO)抗菌机理研究成果的介绍,对应用磁控溅射技术制备抗菌织物的方法、性能评价以及安全性问题进行了分析,探讨了镀膜厚度、预处理以及光照时间等因素对抗菌性能的影响。最后对磁控溅射技术用于制备抗菌织物存在的问题和发展趋势进行了总结。     

改性壳聚糖基抗菌食品包装材料的研究进展

壳聚糖作为绿色天然的可降解材料,是塑料较为理想的替代品,也是食品包装行业的优选功能性材料。为体现壳聚糖的抗菌性在食品包装行业的应用价值,对壳聚糖的抗菌机理及抗菌性的影响因素进行梳理与分析。研究发现,壳聚糖的抗菌性不仅与其分子结构有关,还与其相对分子质量、脱乙酰化程度以及外界环境等有关;通过总结改善壳聚糖抗菌性的方法以及壳聚糖基包装材料在果蔬、肉制品等食品中的应用,发现改性后的壳聚糖在抗菌性增强的同时,阻隔性、机械性等也有一定的改善,并且该包装材料在果蔬、肉制品的食品包装中具有抗菌保鲜性。综述改性壳聚糖基抗菌食品包装材料的研究进展,以期为制备绿色抗菌性食品包装材料提供理论基础及研究思路,推动功能性食品包装材料的开发与应用。     

无机抗菌剂在包装材料中的应用

介绍了无机抗菌剂的种类、材料抗菌机理和特点,且详细论述了抗菌材料的制备方法及其在包装材料中的应用前景。     

钠海藻酸钠基抗菌包装材料的研究进展

目的综述以海藻酸钠为主要基材制备抗菌包装材料的研究进展。方法通过对国内外研究成果与研究现状的分析与总结,探讨海藻酸钠在缓控释抗菌包装材料的研究前景。结果分析表明以物理方法直接载抗菌活性物质的海藻酸钠基包装材料,在短时间内其抑菌效果明显,随着时间的增加,抗菌活性物质释放量减少,抑菌效果下降。利用化学改性海藻酸钠载入抗菌活性物质,在一定程度上能够提升抗菌物质的包埋率,增加抑菌作用时间。结论基于海藻酸钠的缓控释抗菌包装材料研究尚处在起步阶段,对海藻酸纳及其衍生物进行进一步改性后,使其成为良好缓控释抗菌包装载体材料的潜力非常巨大。     

溶胶-凝胶技术在抗菌包装中的研究进展

目的为溶胶-凝胶技术更好地应用在抗菌包装领域提供理论支撑。方法综述溶胶-凝胶技术及其改性方法制备抗菌包装材料的国内外研究进展,重点对共混和涂覆/吸附法制备抗菌包装材料进行总结。结果溶胶-凝胶技术应用于抗菌包装材料还需进一步研究,其制备材料的兼容性,涂层对材料性能的影响,以及潜在的安全性问题仍需解决。结论溶胶-凝胶技术作为一种制备活性包装的新方法,不仅可以制备出性能优良的抗菌材料,而且具有很大的发展潜力和市场价值。     

可降解抑菌食品包装膜的研究进展

目的 对常用的抑菌剂和可降解高分子材料在食品包装中的应用进行综述,以开发具有可降解性、抑菌性、绿色环保的新型智能食品包装材料。方法 总结可降解抑菌膜和可降解高分子材料合成的食品包装膜中常用的抑菌剂（如壳聚糖、植物精油、植物提取物、细菌素）与可降解高分子材料（如淀粉及其衍生物、壳聚糖、纤维素、蛋白质等）的相关学术研究进展。结论 可降解抑菌膜大多被应用于果蔬采后运输贮藏的包装,如果将其应用于田间,可以更好地避免杂菌的污染。     

丁香精油食品抗菌包装材料的制备及性能研究

目的以壳聚糖为基材与丁香精油相结合制备可食性抗菌包装。方法先制备膜,再根据检测膜的厚度、力学性能、抑菌性能来确定各成分的添加量,确保膜各方面的性能处于最优状态。结果当甘油的质量分数为1.0%,壳聚糖的质量浓度为20 mg/m L,丁香精油的质量分数为1.0%时,丁香精油壳聚糖抗菌包装膜具有最好的力学性能和抑菌性能。结论丁香精油食品抗菌包装材料的制备需要结合膜的性能来确定最终成分的含量,以达到最优的设计。     

Fewer Defects in the Surface Slows the Hydrolysis Rate,Decreases the ROS Generation Potential,and Improves the Non‐ROS Antimicrobial Activity of MgO

Magnesium oxide (MgO) is recognised as exhibiting a contact‐based antibacterial activity. However, a comprehensive study of the impact of atomic‐scale surface features on MgO's antibacterial activity is lacking. In this study, the nature and abundance of the native surface defects on different MgO powders are thoroughly investigated. Their impacts on the hydrolysis kinetics, antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (ATCC 47076), Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation potential are determined and explained. It is shown that a reduction in the abundance of low‐coordinated oxygen atoms on the surface of the MgO improves its resistance to both hydrolysis and antibacterial activity. The ROS generation potential, determined in‐situ using a fluorescence microplate assay and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, is not an inherent property of the studied MgO, rather it is a side product of hydrolysis (only for the most highly defected MgO particles) and/or a consequence of the MgO/bacteria interaction. The evaluation of the mutual correlations of the hydrolysis, the antibacterial activity and the ROS generation, with their origin in the surface defects' peculiarities, led to the conclusion that the acid/base reaction between the MgO surface and the bacterial wall contributes considerably to the MgO's antibacterial activity.     

Mechanisms of Antibacterial Activity of MgO: Non‐ROS Mediated Toxicity of MgO Nanoparticles Towards Escherichia coli

The toxicity of metal oxide nanomaterials and their antimicrobial activity is attracting increasing attention. Among these materials, MgO is particularly interesting as a low cost, environmentally‐friendly material. The toxicity of MgO, similar to other metal oxide nanomaterials, is commonly attributed to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We investigated the toxicity of three different MgO nanoparticle samples, and clearly demonstrated robust toxicity towards Escherichia coli bacterial cells in the absence of ROS production for two MgO nanoparticle samples. Proteomics data also clearly demonstrate the absence of oxidative stress and indicate that the primary mechanism of cell death is related to the cell membrane damage, which does not appear to be due to lipid peroxidation.     

Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of nano-hydroxyapatite-zinc for bone tissue engineering applications

The bone implants used in tissue repair are susceptible to infections caused by staphylococci, specifically Staphylococcus aureus. Hence, the development of better biological materials that provide antimicrobial activity in bone tissue engineering is required. The nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite (nHAp) and nHAp dopped with Zn (nHAp-Zn) were prepared by the wet chemical method and the ion exchange method, respectively. They were characterized using SEM, AFM, FTIR and XRD. The antibacterial activity of nHAp and nHAp-Zn was determined with Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains. The results indicated that nHAp alone was acting as an inert matrix and when substituted with Zn, it showed better antibacterial activity. The nHAp-Zn was found to be non-toxic to osteoprogenitor cells. Thus, due to the antimicrobial property of nHAp-Zn nanoparticles, we suggest that they would have potential applications towards bone tissue engineering.     

Fabrication of antibacterial sponge cleaner using gold nanoclusters

From the dinner table to the office, many surfaces contain bacteria and the threat to human health. In this work, cost‐effective antimicrobial foams were developed by the adsorption of lysozyme protected gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) in sponges. Antibacterial activities of the prepared antibacterial AuNCs were evaluated using typical Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and Gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). The antibacterial foams were further fabricated by the absorption of the positively charged AuNCs in the negatively charged sponges. The inhibitions of bacteria on random surfaces, such as mobile phones, tables, doorknobs, and cabinet handles, were exhibited by cleaning them with the antibacterial foams.Inspec keywords: molecular biophysics, gold, microorganisms, nanomedicine, nanofabrication, adsorption, antibacterial activity, enzymes, metal clusters, nanostructured materials, porous materials, foamsOther keywords: antibacterial sponge cleaner, human health, cost‐effective antimicrobial foams, antibacterial activity, Gram‐negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Gram‐positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, random surfaces, antibacterial gold nanoclusters, adsorption, positively charged gold nanoclusters, negatively charged sponges, lysozyme protected gold nanoclusters, Au