短切芳纶纤维增强酚醛泡沫性能的研究

为了改善酚醛泡沫的性能,选用短切芳纶纤维作为增强材料,考察了不同短切芳纶纤维用量对酚醛泡沫压缩强度、压缩弹性模量、泡孔结构以及热稳定性能的影响。结果表明,短切芳纶纤维可以有效地增强酚醛泡沫的压缩性能。随着短切芳纶纤维用量的增加,酚醛泡沫的压缩强度和压缩弹性模量呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势。当短切芳纶纤维用量为4份时,酚醛泡沫的压缩强度比未添加短切芳纶纤维的酚醛泡沫提高约38%。短切芳纶纤维用量影响酚醛泡沫的泡体直径及其分布。当短切芳纶纤维用量为8份时,短切芳纶纤维在酚醛泡沫中的分布很不均匀,酚醛泡沫脆断截面上泡体破损现象较为严重,集束分布的短切芳纶纤维对酚醛泡沫的结构和力学性能带来不利影响。添加短切芳纶纤维可以明显提高酚醛泡沫在高温条件下(400℃)的热稳定性。     

短玻璃纤维、K_2Ti_6O_(13)晶须改性酚醛泡沫的性能研究

分别利用K2Ti6O13晶须、短玻璃纤维对酚醛泡沫(PF)进行改性,并制备了不同短玻璃纤维含量的酚醛泡沫,考察了不同改性方法对酚醛泡沫的表观形貌、力学性能和保温性能的影响。表观形貌结果表明,添加4%K2Ti6O13晶须可以显著改变酚醛泡沫的表观形貌,使得泡孔更规则、均匀。力学性能测试表明,短玻璃纤维含量在8%以内,压缩强度和弯曲强度都随着短玻璃纤维含量的增加而增大;短玻璃纤维和短玻璃纤维/4%K2Ti6O13晶须可以显著提高酚醛泡沫的压缩强度和弯曲强度,压缩强度和弯曲强度最高分别提高了126%和208%;加入短玻璃纤维稍稍提高了酚醛泡沫的导热系数,降低了酚醛泡沫的保温性能;加入相同量的短玻璃纤维,短玻璃纤维/4%K2Ti6O13晶须改性的酚醛泡沫相比于短玻璃纤维改性酚醛泡沫具有更高的压缩强度、弯曲强度和保温性能。     

PVA纤维改性酚醛泡沫的研究

为了改善酚醛泡沫的性能,选用聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维作为酚醛泡沫的增强材料,研究了不同PVA纤维含量和长度对酚醛泡沫的泡孔结构、压缩性能、弯曲性能的影响。结果表明,PVA纤维可以有效改善酚醛泡沫的力学性能和泡孔结构,随着PVA纤维含量的增加,酚醛泡沫的力学性能呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当PVA纤维的用量为酚醛树脂质量的3%时,酚醛泡沫的力学性能达到了最大值,泡孔结构达到了小且均匀的状态。PVA纤维的长度对酚醛泡沫的泡孔结构也有一定的影响,当PVA纤维长度为6 mm时,酚醛泡沫具有最好的泡孔结构,但PVA纤维长度增加时,酚醛泡沫的压缩性能、弯曲性能减小。     

芳纶纤维增强酚醛泡沫的性能

分别选用芳纶短切纤维和芳纶浆粕纤维作为填充材料增强酚醛泡沫,通过压缩力学性能测试、断面微观形貌观察以及热失重等表征手段,考察了芳纶纤维增强酚醛泡沫的效果,对比分析了两种纤维及其用量对酚醛泡沫改性效果的影响。结果表明:芳纶纤维可以有效地增强酚醛泡沫的压缩性能,从压缩应力-应变曲线看,芳纶短切纤维增强的样品其屈服区长度普遍略长于芳纶浆粕纤维增强的样品,表明前者具有略优的缓冲性能和吸能性能;纤维种类对泡沫截面形貌产生影响,芳纶浆粕纤维增强的泡沫胞体完整程度明显优于芳纶短切纤增强的样品;添加芳纶纤维还有利于提高泡沫复合材料的热稳定性,以芳纶短切纤维对材料在高温条件下(400℃)热稳定性的增强效果更为明显。     

芳纶/碳纤维混杂机织复合材料的力学性能研究

分别以芳纶和碳纤维(CF)为经、纬向纱,采用小样织机制备了不同经纬密度的芳纶/CF混杂平纹织物;以环氧树脂为基体,采用真空辅助树脂转移成形方法制备芳纶/CF混杂织物增强复合材料(简称复合材料);分析了复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:在经向纱(简称经纱)、纬向纱(简称纬纱)的纤维种类分别相同时,复合材料的弯曲强度随经向密度增大而增大;以芳纶为经纱时,复合材料的弯曲模量和拉伸模量随着经纱的密度增大而减小,而复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率随着经纱密度的增大而增大;以CF为经纱时,复合材料的弯曲模量随着经纱密度的增大而增大,且弯曲强度和弯曲模量均高于以芳纶为经纱时的复合材料。     

不同增强方式下泡沫夹芯复合材料三点弯曲性能研究

研究了缝合及加强筋增强方式下泡沫夹芯复合材料的三点弯曲性能。采用万能试验机分别进行了缝合与未缝合碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玻碳混杂纤维泡沫夹芯复合材料的三点弯曲实验,分别得出各自的载荷-挠度曲线,再引入加强筋的方式进一步研究缝合碳纤维泡沫夹芯复合材料的弯曲性能。结果表明,玻碳混杂纤维泡沫夹芯复合材料较玻璃纤维泡沫夹心复合材料性能有所提升;引入加强筋会使缝合碳纤维泡沫夹芯复合材料的弯曲强度从17.79 MPa增大到37.47 MPa,且随着加强筋数量增多,缝合碳纤维泡沫夹芯复合材料的弯曲性能得到提升;在加强筋数量相同（2根）的情况下,加强筋平行铺放时弯曲性能最好,弯曲强度达到46.96 MPa,20 °交叉铺放时次之,十字铺放时最差。     

薄竹面竹纤维增强酚醛泡沫夹芯复合板制备研究

利用竹纤维、薄竹单板等短生长周期的可再生生物质资源制备了薄竹面竹纤维增强酚醛泡沫夹芯复合板材。研究环氧AB胶、白胶、万能胶和塑料胶4种市场上常见粘合剂对复合板材的胶合强度和耐高温性能的影响,确定最佳粘合剂为环氧AB胶。对无纺布、玻璃纤维布、不锈钢丝网、天然麻纤维网格布、抗裂的确良等5种不同网格材料增强薄竹面竹纤维增强酚醛泡沫夹芯复合板材的力学性能和尺寸稳定性进行了对比研究。结果表明,天然麻纤维网格布是最佳增强材料,与未用网格材料增强的薄竹面竹纤维增强酚醛泡沫夹芯复合板材相比,其压缩强度提高5.55%,纵向弯曲强度提高26.28%,横向弯曲强度提高28.33%,冲击强度提高68.47%。且天然麻纤维网格布增强薄竹面竹纤维增强酚醛泡沫夹芯复合板材性能基本达到JC/T 1051–2007"铝箔面硬质酚醛泡沫夹芯板"行业标准要求。     

PBO/T700层间混杂复合材料弯曲及压缩性能研究

研究了PBO纤维与T700碳纤维层间混杂复合材料的弯曲性能和压缩性能。利用材料万能试验机研究了混杂复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量、压缩强度和压缩模量随混杂比的变化情况,同时对混杂复合材料的弯曲破坏和压缩破坏模式进行了研究。研究结果表明,混杂工艺能够使PBO纤维复合材料的弯曲强度从542MPa增大到1120MPa,压缩强度从233.2MPa增大到702MPa;PBO纤维复合材料和T700碳纤维复合材料弯曲和压缩试样的破坏模式分别表现为典型的韧性破坏和脆性破坏,PBO/T700层间混杂复合材料的弯曲和压缩破坏模式随着混杂比增大,逐渐从韧性破坏转变为脆性破坏。     

连续玻纤增强硬质PUR泡沫复合材料弯曲性能研究

使用浇注成型工艺制备了连续玻璃纤维(GF)增强硬质聚氨酯泡沫(FFU)复合材料,研究了GF表面处理、GF直径和GF体积分数对其弯曲性能的影响.结果表明,GF表面经偶联剂处理能够提高FFU复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量,FFU复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量随着GF直径的增大而逐渐减小,加入连续GF大大提高了FFU复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量,且其随着GF体积分数的增加而增大.     

混杂纤维复合材料力学性能及其低速冲击性能研究

采用热压成型工艺制备单一碳纤维、碳纤维/玻璃纤维(CF/GF)和碳纤维/Kevlar纤维(CF/KF)均质和非均质混杂增强环氧树脂基复合材料,通过三点弯曲、层间剪切、低速冲击及冲后压缩性能测试,研究纤维组分、混杂结构和混杂比对复合材料力学性能及低速冲击性能的影响。结果表明,单一碳纤维复合材料力学性能最佳,其弯曲模量、弯曲强度和层间剪切强度分别达到66.16 GPa、830.35 MPa和42.73 MPa,而CF/GF混杂结构性能总体优于CF/KF混杂结构,内层混杂结构性能优于外层混杂结构;单一碳纤维复合材料低速冲击性能较差,其冲击损伤凹坑深度最高可达混杂结构的3.5倍,对应的分层阈值为2 723.53 N;CF/KF均质混杂结构的剩余压缩强度最大,而单一碳纤维复合材料则最小,对应数值分别为0.92和0.79。     

Mechanical and thermal properties of phenolic/glass fiber foam modified with phosphorus‐containing polyurethane prepolymer

Phenolic foam exhibits outstanding flame, smoke and toxicity properties, good insulation properties and low production costs. However, the brittleness and pulverization of phenolic foam have severely limited its application in many fields. In this study, a novel phosphorus‐containing polyurethane prepolymer (DOPU) modifier was firstly synthesized, and then the foaming formula and processing of toughening phenolic foam modified with DOPU and glass fiber were explored. The structure and reactive behavior of prepolymer and phenolic resin were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of DOPU and glass fiber on the apparent density, compressive strength, bending strength and water absorption were investigated. The results suggested that the apparent density, compressive strength and bending strength of modified phenolic foam tended to increase irregularly with increasing content of DOPU. The addition of DOPU led to lower water absorption of glass fiber‐filled foam. Thermal stability and flame retardancy were examined using thermogravimetric analysis and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests. It was found that foam with 3% DOPU and 0.5% glass fiber added exhibited good thermal stability and high char yields. The LOI value of modified phenolic foams decreased with increasing DOPU content, but it still remained at 41.0% even if the amount of modifier loaded was 10 wt%. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Mechanical characterization of phenolic foams modified by short glass fibers and polyurethane prepolymer

Short glass fibers and polyurethane prepolymer were used to modify phenolic foams. The mechanical properties of the composites were characterized and compared with those of foams unmodified and modified with only polyurethane prepolymer or short glass fibers in terms of friability, compression, and bending properties. It shows that polyurethane prepolymer significantly improved the toughness and reduced the friability of phenolic foams, while short glass fibers markedly increased the compression and bending properties. The compound modified foams exhibited significantly lower friability and higher resistance to cracking behavior than conventional phenolic foams and the foams modified with only short glass fibers, and were much stiffer and stronger than conventional phenolic foams and the foams modified with only polyurethane prepolymer. The compound modified phenolic foams with the 1:3 ratio of short glass fibers to polyurethane prepolymer exhibited excellent integrated mechanical properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1584–1589, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

高密度聚氨酯硬泡塑料／玻纤粉复合材料的研究

以聚醚多元醇、PAPI、催化剂、发泡剂和玻璃纤维等为原料,制备高密度聚氨酯硬泡及它与磨碎玻纤粉的复合材料。研究了不同密度硬泡的强度及磨碎玻纤粉粒径、预处理及其含量对复合材料强度的影响,不同复合材料的热稳定性。结果表明,随着密度的增加,硬泡的各种强度值总体上均呈逐渐增加趋势,其中500kg/m^3的聚氨酯的拉伸强度比200kg/m^3的提高了104．74％,冲击强度提高了194．84％;400目粒径的玻纤粉可使复合材料具有更高的拉伸强度、弯曲强度及压缩强度;玻纤的加入将降低材料的强度值,但偶联剂预处理可使它们有所改善;加入磨碎玻纤粉后,材料的热稳定性增加,且采用偶联剂KH550对玻纤粉进行预处理可进一步改善复合材料的耐热性能。     

高性能纤维的耐碱性能研究

研究了芳纶、玄武岩纤维以及玻璃纤维的耐碱性能,分析了3种纤维分别在65℃、80℃、95℃的氢氧化钠溶液中,经不同时间的腐蚀后,3种纤维的力学性能以及其质量的变化情况.结果表明:芳纶的耐碱性能最优,断裂强力和断裂伸长保持率最大,玄武岩纤维其次,玻璃纤维最差,因此芳纶比玄武岩纤维和玻璃纤维更适合用于碱性环境中.     

混杂比对交织芳纶碳纤维复合材料力学性能的影响

为了分析混杂比对层内混杂复合材料力学性能的影响,利用交织方式制备芳纶碳纤维混杂增强体织物,并通过交织物纬纱系统中芳纶与碳纤维的纱线配置比例调整碳纤维在增强体结构中的混杂比。采用真空辅助成型技术制备层内混杂结构的芳纶碳纤维混杂（ACFH）复合材料,并对复合材料的拉伸性能、弯曲性能和冲击性能进行测试。结果表明,增强体纬向系统中芳纶与碳纤维的不均质性对ACFC复合材料经方向上的拉伸强度起消极作用;混杂比的增加对ACFC复合材料的纬向拉伸破坏和弯曲损伤具有抑制作用;纬向上,ACFC复合材料的拉伸强度最高提高了近6倍,弯曲强度最小增加了4.04倍;芳纶与碳纤维混杂协同作用有利于ACFC复合材料的抗冲击性能改善,且混杂比存在最佳值。     

Microstructural and mechanical properties of Al2O3 and ZTA foams prepared by thermo-foaming technique

Alumina and zirconia toughened alumina foams were fabricated through a thermo-foaming method using varying amounts of powder to sucrose weight ratio. All the fabricated foams were characterized for their compressive strength, bending strength, and fracture toughness under static loading conditions. The compressive strength increases with an increase in a weight ratio from 0.4 to 1.2. The maximum compressive strength values were found to be 1.9 MPa, and 1.8 MPa for alumina and zirconia toughened alumina foams, respectively. Further increase in powder to sucrose weight ratio led to a decrease in the compressive strength due to the partial collapse of the cell walls during the foaming process. The 3-point bend test results revealed an improvement of bending strength and fracture toughness values of zirconia toughened alumina foams compared to alumina foam, which can be attributed to the transformation toughening mechanism.     

酚醛泡沫在高温热处理过程中结构与性能的变化

以甲阶酚醛树脂为原料制备了酚醛泡沫,经高温热处理进而得到酚醛树脂基碳泡沫。通过FTIR、TGA、SEM、压缩强度及热导率检测等手段,分析研究了酚醛泡沫在高温热处理后结构与性能的变化情况。结果表明:氮气保护下,酚醛泡沫经高温处理后形成了以碳元素为主的碳泡沫;与酚醛泡沫相比,碳泡沫的表观密度、泡孔孔径较小,泡孔虽仍以闭孔结构为主,但是开孔结构明显增多;酚醛泡沫及碳泡沫的压缩强度和热导率都随着泡沫密度的增加而增大,另外同酚醛泡沫相比,碳泡沫的压缩强度和热导率均相对较高。     

避蚊胺对间位芳纶分散染料载体染色的影响

为了寻找简便环保、成本低廉的芳纶染色方法,通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X射线衍射法(XRD)等方法,考察了避蚊胺N,N-二乙基-间甲基苯甲酰胺(DEET)对间位芳纶结构的影响,并将DEET用于间位芳纶分散染料染色,测试了染色条件对分散染料上染率的影响。结果表明:经DEET处理后,间位芳纶的玻璃化温度降低,结晶度和纤维强力基本不变;DEET可以使分散染料对间位芳纶的染色上染率达到85%~90%,DEET用作间位芳纶分散染料染色是可行的。间位芳纶分散染料高温高压DEET载体染色的较佳工艺为:染色温度130℃,染色时间60 min,DEET质量浓度3 g/L,浴比1∶20。     

Aramid fiber reinforced EPDM microcellular foams: Influence of the aramid fiber content on rheological behavior,mechanical properties,thermal properties,and cellular structure

In this paper, aramid fiber (AF)/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) microcellular foams added with different content of AF are prepared by the supercritical foaming method. The effect of the AF content on the rheological behavior, mechanical properties, thermal properties and cellular structure of the AF/EPDM microcellular foams has been systematically studied. The research illustrates that compared with pure EPDM, the AF/EPDM matrix has greater viscosity and modulus, which is conducive to reduce the cell size and increase its density. And the thermal stability of EPDM foams is improved with the addition of aramid fiber. Meanwhile, when the content of AF is added to 1 wt%, the AF/EPDM microcellular foam exhibits a relatively low thermal diffusion coefficient and apparent density with the thermal conductivity to 0.06 W/mK. When the AF is added to 5 wt%, the tensile strength of the AF/EPDM microcellular foam increases to 1.95 MPa, which is improved by 47% compared with that of the pure EPDM foam. Furthermore, when the compressive strain reaches to 50%, the compressive strength of the AF/EPDM microcellular foam is 0.48 MPa, improved by 296% compared with that of the pure EPDM foam.