原位自生TiC/Ni复合材料涂层滑动磨损行为

为了提高16Mn钢的干滑动磨损耐磨性能，以Ni60、钛粉和石墨粉为原料对16Mn钢表面进行感应熔敷处理，制备出以TiC颗粒为增强相的原位自生复合涂层，利用金相、SEM、XRD等技术分析了涂层的显微组织，在室温干滑动磨损试验条件下测试了涂层的耐磨性。结果表明：涂层中TiC颗粒均匀分布于共晶基体上，整个涂层组织均匀、无气孔、无裂纹：涂层与基材形成了良好的冶金结合，涂层具有很高的硬度，在室温干滑动磨损试验条件下具有优异的耐磨性能。     

等离子喷涂钼基非晶纳米晶复合涂层的组织和电化学特性

用Mo基合金粉末(含Si,B,Cr,W,Mo,Ni等)作为喷涂材料,利用大气等离子喷涂(APS)技术,在0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢基体上制备了钼基非晶纳米晶复合涂层.利用XRD观察了涂层的晶型结构,扫描电镜(SEM)观察涂层的组织形貌,恒电位扫描仪对涂层的电化学特性进行了测试,显微硬度仪测量涂层的显微硬度.实验结果表明,利用等离子喷涂工艺可以制备高硬度的Mo基非晶纳米晶复合涂层,这种涂层结构均匀致密,其显微硬度最高达到1 426.9HV.孔隙率约为5.5%.非晶纳米晶复合涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中存在钝化现象,自腐蚀电流为6.459μA·cm-2,腐蚀速度0.869 mm·a-1.     

纳米SiO2涂层复合材料评价研究

以纳米SiO2粉末涂层复合材料为研究对象,系统地研究了其涂层结合力、涂膜显微硬度及耐磨性能随粉末含量的变化,并与对应的微米SiO2粉末涂层复合材料及传统材料进行比较,结果表明,与对应的传统复合材料及微米SiO2粉末涂层复合材料相比,纳米SiO2粉末涂层复合材料的涂层结合力及涂膜显微硬度都有非常明显的增加,但对耐磨性影响不大;并提出,涂层结合力以及涂膜显微硬度可以用作检测和评价纳米SiO2粉末涂层复合材料的物理参量。     

NiO–NiCr2O4纳米氧化物对Ni涂层碳钢组织、力学和腐蚀性能的影响

本文采用不同比例的Ni–Cr纳米氧化物对纯Ni及其复合材料进行涂层，研究其涂层特性、力学性能和腐蚀性能。成分分布均匀的Ni–Cr纳米氧化物复合材料首次通过化学共沉淀法合成. 采用电沉积法将纯Ni和Ni–(Ni–Cr)氧化物(10、20、30、40和50 g/L)涂在钢板上。采用透射电子显微镜和场发射扫描电子显微镜观察了粉末和涂层的微观结构，并采用X射线衍射分析研究其化学成分。本文还测试了涂层的显微硬度、厚度和耐磨性，进行了极化和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试，分析了涂层的腐蚀行为，并开发了相应的等效电路。结果表明，在10–30 g/L的Ni基体中，纳米氧化物分布均匀，并检测到高浓度的团聚氧化物。30 g/L的Ni基体涂层的显微硬度最大，为HV 661, 厚度为116 μm), 并具有最大耐磨性. 一个三回路等效电路与所有EIS数据相对应。纳米氧化物浓度为30 g/L时，耐蚀性增加，不过当纳米氧化物浓度为40 g/L时，耐蚀性下降。50 g/L的样品耐腐蚀性能最好。     

新型工具钢GDL-4的TiAIN涂层的制备及性能的研究

采用非平衡磁控溅射离子镀在GDL-4型合金工具钢表面进行TiAIN涂层，并与M2钢表面TiAIN涂层做对比性分析。用压入法测量涂层的结合强度、用显微硬度计以不同的载荷测量涂层硬度。结果表明，该钢经PVDTiAIN涂层后，结合强度达到HF1，膜厚为4．5—5．0μm，显微硬度为HV2360—2576，与M2钢为基体相比，在相同条件下进行表面TiAIN涂层，其结合强度、膜厚、显微硬度测量，结果都很相近。以廉价合金为主加元素的GDL～4型合金工具钢，可以替代价格昂贵的传统高速钢以降低工具钢成本。并采用维氏压头测量断裂韧性KIC和通过扫描电子显微镜观察压痕形貌来评定涂层的韧性。     

等离子喷涂制备铁基非晶-纳米复合涂层

以一种多元素铁基非晶合金粉末(含C,si,B,Cr,W,Mo,Ni,Fe等)作为喷涂材料,用大气等离子喷涂在316L不锈钢基体上制备涂层.用X射线衍射仪检测涂层的晶型结构,扫描电镜观察涂层的形貌,透射电镜观察涂层的微观组织结构,显微硬度仪测量涂层的显微硬度,纳米压痕仪测量涂层的硬度及弹性模量,并用谢乐公式计算了晶粒尺寸.结果表明:所制备的涂层均匀致密,与基体结合良好;涂层含有非晶和纳米颗粒;这种非晶-纳米复合涂层具有很高的硬度和弹性模量.     

硬度对钢蜗轮副用材料磨损行为的影响(英文)

为了探讨硬度对钢蜗轮副材料磨损行为的影响,为研究钢蜗轮副合理的硬度配对提供试验依据。通过不同的热处理工艺,使12Cr2Ni4低碳合金钢获得了5种不同硬度的试样,然后在无润滑,室温条件下,在SRVⅣ微动磨损试验机上考察了硬度对12Cr2Ni4钢-18Cr2Ni4WA钢摩擦副磨损行为的影响。结果表明：试验条件下,随着12Cr2Ni4钢硬度的增加,12Cr2Ni4钢的磨损体积减小,其偶件18Cr2Ni4WA钢的磨损体积增大,当12Cr2Ni4钢硬度位于HRC39-HRCAl之间时,摩擦副双方的磨损量相等;12Cr2Ni4钢的相对耐磨性和摩擦系数都随12Cr2Ni4钢硬度的增加而增大,最大的相对耐磨性和摩擦系数的最大值均约为0．9。     

等离子熔覆高铬铁基涂层高温耐磨性与耐空蚀性

采用等离子熔覆工艺,以Fe-Cr-C-W-Ni复合粉末为原料;在Q235钢基材表面制备了高铬铁基复合涂层。测试了涂层的高温耐磨性和耐空蚀性。结果表明,涂层中含有大量硬质耐磨相（Cr,Fe）7C3,具有较高的显微硬度,涂层在高温干滑动磨损条件下具有优异的耐磨性能和载荷特性,经44 h空蚀试验后累积的质量损失量为0Cr13Ni6Mo不锈钢的0.497倍,具有一定的耐空蚀性能。     

SPS烧结TiO2／Al90Mn9Ce1微胞陶瓷金属基块体复合材料

用表面包覆8wt％TiO2纳米粉末的微米Al90Mn9Ce1合金复合粉末，制备了高致密的闭合微胞陶瓷结构，内充金属合金的块体复合材料，烧结温度仅为520℃，烧结后的致密度达到98．2％。SEM观察结果显示，该材料的陶瓷胞壁厚度约为1．0～2．0μm，胞体尺寸约为15～40μm，经10％HCl深腐蚀后，留下完整的微胞状陶瓷骨架。根据实验结果，对SPS烧结微-纳米混合粉体的瞬时界面烧结机理进行探讨。     

HVOF制备亚微米结构WC-12Co涂层性能研究

采用超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂工艺制备了亚微米结构WC-12Co涂层,测试了这种亚微米涂层的结合强度、显微硬度及抗磨粒磨损性能,并利用XRD对喷涂粉末及涂层进行相结构分析,用扫描电子显微镜对喷涂粉末、磨粒磨损前后的涂层表面形貌进行观察.研究结果表明:喷涂过程中,亚微米结构WC粒子没有明显的脱碳分解发生,涂层组织结构致密,其显微硬度平均值高达HV1105;在相同的试验条件下,16Mn钢的磨粒磨损量是亚微米WC-12Co涂层的7.8倍,这表明亚微米结构涂层具有优异的抗磨粒磨损性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with