电液伺服技术的最新成果：压电元件驱动的超高速电液伺服阀

工程应用中常需用超高速电液伺服阀。目前的高速电液伺服阀频宽一般为400Hz左右,远远不能满足需要。如何进一步提高电液伺服阀的频宽是液压技术发展中的一个难题。介绍了日本东京工业大学研制的用压电元件驱动的超高速电液伺服阀,该电液伺服阀频宽高达5kHz,使电液伺服技术的频宽跃上了一个新的台阶,国际液压界为之瞩目。     

压电双晶片直接驱动式伺服阀的研究

提出一种利用压电陶瓷片直接驱动的伺服阀,其具有高于传统电磁式伺服阀的频宽与分辨率,该伺服阀的机械结构简单,抗干扰能力强。分析了双压电晶片的静、动态特性,制造了双晶片直接驱动式伺服阀样机。     

压电驱动式双喷嘴挡板电液伺服阀

设计了一种利用压电双晶片驱动器代替传统双喷嘴电液伺服阀力矩马达驱动部分的新型电液伺服阀,以期改善现有该型阀的动、静态特性。通过试验得出,设计的压电双晶片驱动器输出位移为82.5 μm,全量程位移波动小于0.7 μm,谐振频率1.2 kHz,完全满足双喷嘴电液伺服阀对驱动器的要求。试验表明:基于此驱动器的电液伺服阀在频率低于100 Hz的范围内具有良好的线性度,克服了传统双喷嘴电液伺服阀在频宽和抗电磁干扰能力等方面的不足。     

喷嘴挡板式压电伺服阀的研究

传统的电液伺服阀采用电磁马达作为驱动源，该文介绍的双喷嘴挡板式压电伺服阀是利用压电叠堆作为驱动源，给出了双喷嘴挡板式压电伺服阀的基本机构。对该伺服阈采用的压电叠堆和柔性铰链的特征参数进行了深入的研究，并通过试验初步验证了双喷嘴挡板式压电伺服阀的相关性能，进行了流量、压力特性的测试，分析了试验结果进行。     

面向动力电池振动试验台的新型电液激振器研究

电动车用动力电池出厂之前,需要在结构振动试验上模拟动力电池在汽车行驶过程中振动情况。其中试验台的激振技术决定了模拟路面振动的真实性和有效性。针对传统电液式激振器中的伺服阀成本昂贵,并且因其阀芯往复运动的结构原理限制,导致频宽难以取得突破的问题,设计了一款阀芯旋转式四通换向阀,提出了一种具有高频率输出的新型电液激振器。首先对新型激振器原理进行说明,设计阀芯旋转式四通换向阀并对其性能进行分析;其次对电液激振系统进行数学建模并仿真其动态特性;最后搭建试验台对新型转阀进行静态特性测试及结果分析。结果显示所设计的新型电液激振器可靠性高且频宽范围广。     

压电型喷嘴挡板阀及其控制方法研究

提出了一种新型压电晶片型喷嘴挡板式电液伺服阀,并对其控制方法进行了研究。采用成本较低的双压电晶片弯曲元件设计了双喷嘴挡板放大器,用其取代原有传统的力矩马达作为双喷嘴电液伺服阀的前置级驱动器。介绍了新型压电晶片型喷嘴挡板式电液伺服阀的工作原理。最后,针对压电元件存在的迟滞、蠕变非线性及系统中存在的时变性因素等问题,采用了具有自学习、自适应和自组织能力的单神经元自适应PSD智能控制算法对系统进行控制。实验结果表明,采用PID控制算法时系统阶跃响应的超调量和稳态时间分别为27.9%和0.13 s,而采用提出的控制算法时系统阶跃响应的超调量和稳态时间只有2.4%和0.07 s,验证了该方法的有效性。新型压电晶片型喷嘴挡板式电液伺服阀结构简单、成本低、精度高,可以满足精密控制系统的要求。     

超磁致伸缩材料在电液伺服阀中的应用现状

超磁致伸缩材料是一种具有响应速度快、磁致伸缩应变大、能量密度高等优良特性的新型功能材料,针对其研究和应用已经成为当前热点。基于现代工业对高性能电液伺服阀的需求,描述了该材料的磁致伸缩效应,并对其基本性能及物理效应作了阐述,同时通过对比压电陶瓷、形状记忆合金的性能参数,分析了超磁致伸缩材料的性能优势。最后着重介绍了该材料在喷嘴挡板阀、射流管阀及直接驱动式电液伺服阀当中的应用现状,并基于此现状对研制高性能的超磁致伸缩电液伺服阀关键技术进行了展望。     

积层式压电驱动器的有限元建模分析

该文利用有限元分析法对直动式压电伺服阀驱动元件-积层式压电驱动器的静、动态特性进行了深入的分析,建立了积层式压电驱动器多层压电结构的有限元模型,得到静态与动态工作的分析结果。理论分析的结果表明,积层式压电驱动器具有较大的输出位移与输出力,以及具有良好的动态响应特性,由其构造压电伺服阀,不会限制系统的频宽,结合合理的放大机构与阀体结构,有望达到高速、精密的伺服控制。     

电液伺服阀的频带宽度

频带宽度是衡量电液伺服阀动态性能的一个指标,关系到电液伺服系统的响应快慢。本文从分析电液伺服阀的频率特性出发,推导频带宽度的计算方法,讨论幅频宽与相频宽的关系及频宽与稳定裕度的关系,最后从提高频宽的角度提出参数选择原则。     

新型电液激振试验台的高频特性研究

电液激振试验台是在振动机架上安装电液激振器,由激振器产生激振力,作用在实验对象的某一局部区域,使其产生强迫振动。该文根据液压马达的大功率、大扭矩的特点,提出了一种由马达驱动高频激振阀的新型电液激振试验台研究方法。该方法主要是通过液压马达对2D激振阀阀芯的旋转进行驱动,采用流量阀控制进入马达的流量达到控制阀芯转速的目的。应用流体动力学和系统动力学理论建立电液激振试验台数学模型,对建立的试验台进行实验研究,同时测得液压缸活塞输出的激振力波形。实验表明:该试验台可以大幅度地提高激振频率,达到1200Hz以上的激振频率,激振输出波形近似为一正弦波。马达驱动2D阀的新型电液激振试验台是提高液压振动的激振频率的有效途径。     

Fluid-dynamic analysis and multi-objective design optimization of piezoelectric servo valves

This paper proposes an effective methodology for the fluid-dynamic design optimization of the main spool of a piezoelectric servo valve. The aim is to improve global performances of the piezoelectric servo valve by reducing the flow force acting on the main spool and the mass of the main spool. The main disturbance forces acting the main spool were analyzed. The steady-state flow force acting on the main spool was derived and the relationship between the flow force and the design parameters of the main spool was established. The design problem of the main spool was formulated mathematically as a multi-objective optimization problem. The minimum steady-state flow force and the minimum mass of main spool were considered as optimization objectives. The elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was applied and a set of Pareto-optimal solutions was calculated. The optimized results were analyzed and the final design parameters of the main spool were selected for the simulation analysis and experimental research. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was employed to calculate the forces acting on the main spool. Simulation results show the flow force acting on the optimized main spool is significantly reduced. The unoptimized and optimized main spools were machined and experimental study was performed. Results show that the piezoelectric servo valve equipped with the optimized main spool has better response performance and dynamic bandwidth. The dynamic bandwidth is measured to 172 Hz under the amplitude attenuation of −3 dB. Compared with the piezoelectric servo valve with unoptimized main spool, the dynamic bandwidth of the piezoelectric servo valve with optimized main spool is increased by 26%.     

Experimental Study on the Piezoelectric Prestage Driver of Electrohydraulic Servo Valves

A piezoelectric actuated prestage driver of hydraulic servo valves for the low-frequency response of electrohydraulic servo valve electromagnetic prestage driver was presented. The new driver was driven by piezoelectric multilayer actuators. The displacement of a piezoelectric multilayer actuator was amplified by a flexure-hinged amplifier based on the principles of triangle amplification. Static and dynamic characteristics were tested on the model machine. The characteristics of good linearity, high resolution, and high-frequency response were approved. The natural frequency reached 1.201–kHz using finite element analysis, and the practice measurement result was 1–kHz. This work was translated from the Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2004, 38(1) (in Chinese) This project was funded by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 program; grant 2001AA423270)     

1000 L/min 2D伺服阀实验研究

2D伺服阀采用伺服螺旋机构实现阀芯的角位移转换为阀芯的轴向位移。采用2D阀的结构方案实现了1000 L/min大流量阀的设计。采用步进电机作为电 机械转换器,并采用位置和电流闭环来驱动阀芯转动。为了实现步进电机输出角位移连续可控采用了步进电机连续跟踪算法的控制方法并在步进控制中引入脉宽调制控制技术,并以此为基础搭建了试验平台,设计了以TMS320F2812作为CPU的2D伺服阀控制器。在分析该阀的结构和工作原理基础上,对该阀频率响应进行实验研究。实验表明：该阀具有良好的动态特性,在幅值为25%阀满开口的正弦信号输入下,相位滞后90°对应的频宽约为50 Hz 。     

一种直动式电液伺服阀的驱动装置研究

该文涉及一种耐高污染直动式电液伺服阀的驱动装置,属于机电一体化范畴的电动―液压自动控制系统领域。耐高污染电液伺服阀具有响应速度快,不会堵塞,坚固耐用的特点。该文从贴近实际使用角度出发介绍了一种全新设计的、简化的直线驱动装置的机械和电器结构。     

大流量2D伺服阀的研究与设计

为实现伺服阀的大流量,采用了2D阀的结构方案.2D阀利用伺服螺旋机构将阀芯的旋转运动转化为阀芯的直线运动,从而实现伺服阀的液压功率放大.采用步进电机作为电-机械转换器来驱动阀芯转动,为使阀芯获得较大的扭矩,采用了较大的传动比.设计了零位保持机构保证了伺服阀工作的稳定性和零位调节的精确性.对伺服阀的阀芯进行了力学分析,并建立了数学模型.最后利用MATLAB进行了仿真研究,仿真结果理想,符合设计要求.     

Development of a novel two-dimensional(2D) three-way(3W) fuel flow control servo valve with constant pressure difference

To solve the problems of large volume, and low integration of traditional electro-hydraulic servo valve with constant pressure differential fuel metering device, a new two-dimensional three-way constant pressure differential fuel flow control servo valve (2D3WFFCSV) is developed. It innovatively adopts the advantages of lightweight of “two-dimensional hydraulic technology”, The constant differential pressure function and flow regulation function are integrated into a two-dimensional (2D) main spool with two degrees of freedom (rotational and axial degrees of freedom). The flow control process of 2D3WFFCSV is as follows: firstly, the armature of the torque motor and the two-dimensional piston are coaxially installed at the end of the two-dimensional piston, so the torque motor can directly drive the two-dimensional piston to rotate; secondly the “hydraulic servo screw mechanism”, which can amplify the power, is used to drive the two-dimensional piston to move in line; Finally, a pair of conversion mechanisms (roller group and spiral track conversion mechanism) are converted into the angular displacement of 2D main spool to control the area of flow valve port. The axial degree of freedom of 2D main spool realizes the function of constant differential pressure. To improve the flow control accuracy of the servo valve, the axial position of the 2D piston is detected by the linear displacement sensor (LVDT), and the signal is transmitted to the controller to realize the closed-loop control. To explore its open-loop characteristics, the mathematical models of torque motor, two-dimensional piston and main spool are established to obtain its open-loop transfer function. Then the AMESIM simulation model is built. To optimize the design of the system, through the dynamic simulation of the system, the influence of key parameters on the dynamic response of the system can be studied. An experimental study is carried out to verify the design feasibility of the servo valve. The experimental results show that under the condition of no-load and full-scale input, the closed-loop delay of the servo valve is 1.84%, the linearity is 2.14%, the step response time is 43 ms, and the dynamic frequency response is 38 Hz. The newly developed 2D3WFFCSV has the advantages of high integration, small size, light weight (801.5 g) and high response and control accuracy. It can replace the constant differential pressure, metering valve and hydraulic servo valve in the aeroengine fuel regulator.     

旋转式水液压比例阀的动态特性仿真研究

水液压比例/伺服阀是水液压驱动的自动化装备的核心元件,控制着执行元件的运动速度及方向。设计了一种新型旋转式水液压比例阀,介绍了其组成、工作原理及特点,建立了数学物理模型,对其动态特性,特别是频率响应特性进行了仿真研究。得出:适当减小阀芯半径以及阀芯与阀套的配合长度,或适当增加阀芯与阀套的间隙,可提高系统的稳定性及响应频率;力矩电机的转矩常数与转速常数的选择也会影响系统的稳定性与响应频率。     

一种射流管式高频响开关阀设计

文章阐述了一种快速动作的射流管式高频响开关阀,用力矩马达和射流管作为先导级来驱动阀芯。该阀响应快,体积小,发热少;同时也不存在传统伺服阀容易零偏的短板,抗污染能力也大为提高。     

射流管电液伺服阀滑阀冲蚀磨损特性分析

射流管伺服阀的油液被污染后,其中的颗粒在高速射流下会对滑阀产生冲蚀磨损,从而影响伺服阀的工作性能.针对上述问题,建立射流管伺服阀的AMESim模型;结合计算流体动力学与冲蚀磨损理论,建立滑阀的冲蚀磨损数学模型.通过有限元仿真软件,模拟颗粒对滑阀的冲蚀磨损;基于射流管伺服阀的AMESim模型,分析滑阀磨损对伺服阀工作性能...