消失模铸造镁合金铸件表面改性研究

利用消失模铸造技术,对镁合金铸件表面进行复合改性研究.选用金属铝粉作为合金化主要元素,PbO-ZnO-Na2O系低温玻璃粉为陶瓷化材料.选择真空度大小为-0.06 MPa,温度为800℃进行浇注.结果表明,在镁合金铸件表面获得了一定厚度的复合层.显微硬度测试表明,从表面至基体复合层的硬度呈梯状分布,硬度值的变化与单一的陶瓷层相比有一个过渡区,有利于提高表面陶瓷层与基体的界面结合质量.经过表面复合改性后,镁合金铸件的腐蚀电位提升了400 mV,腐蚀电流下降了3个数量级,镁合金的耐蚀性得到了大幅度提高.     

45钢表面激光合金化原位生成TiN陶瓷相的组织及性能

以TiO₂、铁基粉及N₂为原料,采用YAG固体脉冲激光器对预置层进行激光合金化试验,在45钢表面原位生成了TiN陶瓷相增强基体复合合金层。通过金相显微镜和扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、EDS能谱分析、显微硬度仪和摩擦磨损仪分别对合金层的结构、组织及性能进行了分析。结果表明,合金层与基体呈冶金结合,熔化区没有出现裂纹和气孔等缺陷,其物相组织成分主要由Fe-Cr固溶体、TiN和TiO₂组成,并弥散分布在合金层中,合金化层的最大显微硬度可达973 HV0.1,摩擦因数约为0.35,低于基体,耐磨性有明显提高。     

添加钨铁粉对WC/钢基表面复合材料界面及硬度的影响

采用真空铸渗工艺制备了WC/Cr15钢基表面复合材料,研究了在预置层中添加16.7 vol%钨铁粉对复合层的界面组织和基体硬度的影响。运用OM、SEM、XRD和显微硬度计对复合层的界面组织和基体硬度进行了分析。结果表明,添加16.7vol%钨铁粉改善了复合层的界面组织及力学性能的连续性,有利于降低应力集中,改善应力分布状态;反应层中形成过渡均匀分布的Fe3W3C相,使WC颗粒与基体之间形成组织过渡;复合层基体中形成弥散分布的Fe3W3C相,提高了复合层的基体硬度,增强了复合层基体的耐磨性及其对WC颗粒的支撑与固定作用。     

基体预渗碳对Ti-6Al-4V合金表面TiN(Ti)硬质膜层性能的影响

硬质膜层在服役过程中,往往由于膜基界面强度的不足导致膜层过早的发生界面的剥落失效,这种剥落失效主要是由界面残余热应力诱导的显微裂纹的失稳扩展引发的。残余热应力主要来源于基体与膜层材料在热膨胀系数、弹性模量等物理性能的不匹配。为了降低这种不匹配性,在制备TiN硬质膜层之前,本文通过辉光离子扩渗技术在TC4基体表面形成具有一定深度、梯度结构的渗碳硬化层,然后利用等离子增强离子镀技术制备了单层及多层复合Ti/TiN膜层,研究基体预渗碳层对其表面不同结构TiN(Ti)硬质膜层性能的影响。结果表明,基体经过预渗碳强化处理后,相比于单一TiN或多层复合Ti/TiN硬质膜层,复合渗镀层的表面硬度能提高近2倍,膜基结合强度最高可达80N以上。同时,经过硬化后的基体显著抑制了其表面复合硬质膜层的界面脆性断裂倾向,复合膜层在外加载荷作用下的与基体的协同变形能力得到加强,强韧性显著提高。     

表面等离子Mo合金化提高Ti-5Zr-3Sn-5Mo-15Nb耐磨性的研究

采用等离子合金化技术在Ti-5Zr-3Sn-5Mo-15Nb(TLM)表面制备含钼改性层,对改性层组织、成分分布和显微硬度进行分析,并测量去离子水在渗钼试样表面的接触角,同时研究在模拟人工体液中改性层的摩擦磨损行为。结果显示:所制备的钼改性层均匀致密,厚度约为12μm,主要由Mo相组成。与TLM基体相比,渗钼后试样表面硬度显著增加。由于改性后Mo合金层的形成和表面粗糙度增加,使接触角减小,进而提高了表面润湿性。钼合金化后的TLM具有较低的摩擦系数,耐磨能力较未处理的合金提高约50倍,表现出良好的耐摩擦磨损性能。     

Si对Cu/Al冷轧复合界面组织与力学性能的影响

通过铝层Si合金化手段,制备了Cu/Al-Si合金冷轧复合带。利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、万能材料试验机等仪器,研究了不同Si含量对Cu/Al-Si合金冷轧复合带界面扩散层厚度、界面结合强度、界面和基体处的显微硬度以及再结晶组织等的影响规律。结果表明,铝层中一定量的硅合金化可以起到阻碍铜铝原子互扩散、抑制铜铝金属间化合物的生长、提高铝侧基体显微硬度以及细化晶粒等作用,但是在高温、长时间热处理条件下,硅会降低界面的结合强度。     

工艺参数对60CrMnMo钢表面激光陶瓷合金化涂层组织与硬度的影响

采用CO2激光器在60CrMnMo钢表面进行激光陶瓷合金化,保持激光功率、搭接率不变,研究了扫描速度和预涂层厚度对合金化层的组织与硬度的影响.利用OM、SEM、显微硬度计对激光合金化层的组织和横截面显微硬度分布进行研究.结果表明,激光合金化层与基体形成了冶金结合,随扫描速度的增加,合金化层厚度减小,合金化层硬度先提高后降低.随预涂层厚度的增加,合金化层硬度也提高.当激光功率为4000W,搭接率为30％～40％,光斑尺寸为3～3.5 mm,预涂层厚度为30～35 μm,扫描速度为2.0 m/min时,合金化层的平均显微硬度最高为1101HV0.2,是基体材料(250 HV)的4.4倍左右.     

45钢表面激光熔覆Al_2O_3陶瓷涂层的研究

采用SEM,TEM及EDAX等手段研究了45钢表面Al2O3－NiCrAl复合陶瓷涂层的组织结构,实验结果表明：Al2O3－NiCrAl复合陶瓷等离子喷涂层的组织呈层片状,面层由α－Al2O3和少量的γ－Al2O3组成,Al2O3与NiCrAl及NiCrAl与基体间均为机械结合界面：激光熔覆层组织为单一的α－Al2O3柱状晶、过渡合金与基体间形成了良好的冶金结合界面,Al2O3与NiCrAl间的界面结合状况得到了明显的改善,在激光熔覆过程中存在着分层凝固机制．熔敷层硬度达2423－2664HV0．2     

N80油管激光合金化层的组织及性能研究

在N80油管表面预置Ni-Cr-Ti-B_4C合金粉末.通过激光处理获得与基体完全冶金结合的合金化层.利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、电子探针显微分析仪和显微硬度计对合金化层的组织、相结构及显微硬度进行了测试分析,利用电化学测试系统测试了合金化层的耐蚀性.结果表明,激光合金化区主要由TiC、TiB_2颗粒、α-(Fe,Ni,Cr)同溶体组成;合金化区与基体结合致密、组织细小、合金化元素分布均匀;与基体相比,合金化层硬度比基体提高2～3倍,耐蚀性也得到很大改善.     

304 不锈钢表面 Mo 合金化改性层组织结构及耐磨性研究

目的提高304不锈钢表面耐磨性能。方法利用双辉等离子合金化技术,使304不锈钢表面形成Mo合金化渗层。分析渗层的成分分布和相结构,对比基体材料和Mo合金化改性层的硬度、磨痕形貌和摩擦磨损性能。结果所制备的Mo合金化渗层均匀致密,厚9.6μm,主要由纯Mo相构成。合金化元素Mo在渗层中从基体表面到内部呈梯度分布,表面显微硬度值达806HV0.05。在干摩擦条件下,Mo合金化渗层的比磨损率仅为304不锈钢基体的1/84,使材料的抗磨损性能得到明显改善。结论双辉等离子Mo合金化能够有效改善304不锈钢的抗磨损性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.