多壁碳纳米管/三元乙丙橡胶复合材料的热电效应及其力学性能研究

以经处理过的多壁碳纳米管(MW-CNTs)为导热导电填料、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)为基体,采用机械共混法制备了MW-CNTs/EPDM复合材料。研究了碳纳米管填料在低填充量(6%)下对复合材料体积电阻率、热导率、热稳定性及力学性能的影响,并通过扫描电镜观察分析MW-CNTs在复合材料中的分布。结果表明:处理后的MWCNTs在EPDM基质中能形成良好的聚合物填料界面,分散均匀,形成有效的导电导热网链。复合材料的体积电阻率随着MW-CNTs填充量的增加而呈数量级的递减,导热系数随之增加,热稳定性提高,填充后的复合材料具有较好的物理机械性能。     

碳纳米管水泥基复合材料电学性能数值模拟

采用ANSYS12.0和蒙特卡洛随机方法构建了碳纳米管水泥基复合材料的有限元模型,并基于有限元法分析了碳纳米管长径比、直径和掺量对复合材料有效电阻率的影响,并在此基础上通过有效介质方程对有效电阻率数值解和电阻率实验值进行了拟合。数值计算结果表明,碳纳米管水泥基复合材料有效电阻率的有限元解与解析解较为一致,证明采用有限元法进行电学分析具有可行性;碳纳米管水泥基复合材料有效电阻率随碳纳米管掺量和碳纳米管长径比增加而减小,随着碳纳米管直径的减小而减小;有效介质方程对碳纳米管水泥基复合材料有效电阻率实验值和有限元数值解拟合曲线变化趋势是一致的。     

多壁碳纳米管/聚氯乙烯复合材料的制备及性能

通过溶液混合法可以简单地制得多壁碳纳米管/聚氯乙烯复合材料。体积电阻率、拉伸强度等测试结果表明,随着碳纳米管含量的增加,碳纳米管在聚合物基体中的分散性降低,所得聚氯乙烯复合材料的体积电阻率呈非线性降低趋势,拉伸强度则呈先增加后降低的变化规律。碳纳米管含量为1%~2.5%(质量分数,下同)时所得复合材料的导电性和拉伸强度均较纯聚氯乙烯有较大改善。     

原位复合聚芳硫醚砜/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的制备及性能初探

采用原位复合法制备了聚芳硫醚砜/多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)复合材料,先将酸化前后的多壁碳纳米管与聚芳硫醚砜各自进行原位复合,发现未酸化处理的碳纳米管在聚芳硫醚砜基体中的相容性很差,在基体内部不能有效地分散;此外,还发现随着碳纳米管添加量的增加,其体积电阻率由1013.9Ω.m降到104.3Ω.m,同时其热稳定性也随之逐渐升高。     

碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的制备与性能表征

为制备低电阻率的尼龙66基复合材料,以碳纤维和镍粉(Ni)填充尼龙66制备碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66高导电复合材料。研究填料表面改性和含量对碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料导电性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:KH550改性碳纤维和Ni有助于降低碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的电阻率。碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的电阻率随着碳纤维和Ni含量的增加而减小,且碳纤维和Ni填充尼龙66的导电逾渗阈值均为20wt%,此时制备的碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的电阻率为455Ω·cm,熔融温度为202.2℃。碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的弯曲强度和拉伸强度随着碳纤维或Ni含量的增加而先增大后减小。当Ni含量为20wt%时,碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的弯曲强度和拉伸强度在碳纤维含量分别为20wt%和10wt%时达到最大值,分别为98MPa和70 MPa;当碳纤维含量为20wt%时,碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的弯曲强度和拉伸强度则在Ni含量为30wt%和20wt%时达到最大值,分别为120 MPa和67 MPa。     

PBS增韧改性MWNTs/PLA导电3D 打印耗材的制备及性能

为解决多壁碳纳米管/聚乳酸(MWNTs/PLA)导电打印耗材变脆的问题,本文利用双螺杆熔融共混方法,制备了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)增韧改性的MWNTs/PLA复合材料。研究发现,PBS添加量对复合材料的性能有显著影响。随PBS含量增加,复合材料的电阻率升高,断裂伸长率和冲击强度明显提高,但拉伸强度、弯曲强度和硬度有所降低。当PBS含量为10%时,共混复合材料的综合性能最好,并根据最佳条件制成具有一定韧性的导电3D打印耗材,实际使用效果良好。     

多壁碳纳米管复合材料在26.5～40 GHz频段的电磁性能

采用玻璃布作为分散载体制备多壁碳纳米管/玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料,研究了在26.5～40 GHz频段,多壁碳纳米管的含量对复合材料的电磁参数及电导率的影响,同时测量了复合材料在该波段的电磁波反射率。研究结果表明:随多壁碳纳米管含量的增加,其介电常数实部和虚部随之增加,介电损耗角正切提高了4倍。复合材料的磁导率随多壁碳纳米管含量的提高变化不明显,呈弱磁性。复合材料的电导率随多壁碳纳米管含量的增加,由原来的绝缘体变为半导体。另外,在26.5～40 GHz频段内多壁碳纳米管复合材料对电磁波的隐身效果不好。      

多壁碳纳米管/尼龙6复合材料的液相共混法制备及其性能

通过液相共混法制备了多壁碳纳米管/尼龙6(MWCNTs/PA6)复合材料, 研究了不同MWCNTs改性方法及添加量对复合材料热性能和结晶性能的影响。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、FTIR、DSC、XRD 和 TG对MWCNTs/PA6复合材料进行表征。结果表明: MWCNTs的加入提高了PA6的热稳定性, 且胺功能化的MWCNTs(d-MWCNTs)表现尤为明显; 当d-MWCNTs的质量分数为7.5%时, MWCNTs/PA6复合材料结晶度从48.09%提高到56.62%, 聚合物大分子之间的缠绕度最低。     

碳系填充型导电聚氨酯弹性体性能研究

以预聚体法制备了导电聚氨酯弹性体,分析了乙炔炭黑、超导炭黑、多壁碳纳米管和纳米石墨4种导电填料以不同含量在复合材料中的内部结构形态,并研究了复合材料的体积电阻率、力学性能及热稳定性。通过分析添加量与体积电阻率的关系得到4种复合材料的渗滤阈值,对比分析了复合材料的硬度、拉伸强度和扯断伸长率,采用热重分析仪对热分解过程进行研究和探讨。结果表明:导电填料粒径越小,比表面积越大,可在较低含量时达到渗滤阈值。添加多壁碳纳米管的复合材料,其力学性能得到有效提高。在最大失重阶段的热分解上,超导炭黑填充型材料分解温度为435±3℃,较其他复合材料高20℃左右,具有较好的高温热稳定性。     

多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂聚合物热电和力学性能实验研究EI

通过比较多壁碳纳米管在不同溶剂中的分散性,优选出(N,N-DMF)表面活性剂和甲醇的混合液,来超声分散碳纳米管,制备成碳纳米管增强的环氧树脂基聚合物.电学和摩擦性能测试表明,随碳纳米管含量的增加,复合材料的体积电阻率呈几何量级的降低,摩擦系数近线性降低.常温下力学性能测试表明,随着碳纳米管含量的增加,其弹性模量先增后降.在50℃时,对于碳纳米管含量≤1%(质量分数,下同)的复合材料,经历了可逆的粘弹性阶段后进入了塑性变形,且温度对复合材料的弹性模量和拉伸强度影响较大;而对于碳纳米管含量＞1%的复合材料,其力学性能反而发生退化.     

Reducing resistivity of polyamide-6/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites by adding ultra-fine rubber particles on account of non-volume exclusion effect

The volume resistivity of polyamide-6(PA6)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites was found to be further reduced by adding a kind of ultra-fine rubber particle (URP) with average diameter of 150 nm due to non-volume exclusion effect. With the addition of 16 phr URP, the percolation threshold of PA6/MWCNT composites was reduced from 6 phr MWCNTs to 3 phr. Besides, at a constant loading of 4 phr MWCNTs, increase of URP loading led to two changes and a plateau for the volume resistivity of composites. The morphological observations of composites revealed that the decrease of volume resistivity was attributed to both homogenous dispersion and stretching of MWCNTs in PA6. The mechanism on better dispersion and stretching of MWCNTs with the help of URP was also given.     

MWCNTs/多孔ZnO纳米材料的制备及室温NO气敏性研究

为开发室温气敏传感器材料,以Zn(NO3)2.6H2O为锌源、尿素为沉淀剂,在制备水合碱式碳酸锌(Zn4CO3(OH)6.H2O)的过程中加入羧基化的MWCNTs(MWCNT-COOH),焙烧制备了MWCNTs/ZnO复合材料.采用XRD,SEM和TEM等对其进行了分析.结果表明:复合材料中MWCNTs分散均匀,ZnO呈多孔纳米片状,纳米片由多个尺寸在10～20 nm的ZnO颗粒组成;在室温、空气湿度为50%的氛围中测试复合材料对NO的气敏响应发现,复合材料对体积浓度1×10-4的NO气敏响应灵敏度大约是MWCNT-COOH的3倍,明显高于MWCNT-COOH;对比加入不同量MWCNT-COOH制备的3种复合材料对NO的气敏性可知,加入200 mg MWCNT-COOH所制备的复合材料对低浓度(体积浓度≤50×10-6)的NO气体表现出较高的灵敏度.     

The role of functionalized carbon nanotubes in a PA6/LCP blend

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were carboxyl-functionalized in order to improve their dispersion in a polymer matrix. The carboxyl-functionalized MWCNTs (i.e., MWCNT-COOH) were added into a blend matrix consisting of polyamide 6 (PA6) and liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) (PA6:LCP = 80:20 in weight) to make ternary composites. The effects of MWCNT-COOH on the rheological, physical, morphological, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of the ternary composites have been examined systematically. The dispersion of MWCNTs in the polymer matrix and their interactions with the polymers (i.e., PA6 and LCP) were found to be the most important factors affecting all properties. The functionalization of MWCNTs resulted in the significant improvement in their dispersion in the polymer matrix and largely enhanced the interactions of MWCNTs with the polymer matrix. The functionalized MWCNTs acted not only as reinforcement fillers but also as a compatibilizer that could enhance the interfacial adhesion between PA6 and LCP. Interestingly, the packing density of the polymer matrix was greatly increased by adding MWCNT-COOH.     

酸化处理多壁碳纳米管/氰酸酯树脂复合材料性能

采用酸化处理的多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）增强双酚A型氰酸酯-酚醛型氰酸酯（BCE-NCE）树脂。通过SEM、TEM对MWCNTs/BCE-NCE树脂复合材料微观结构进行表征,利用DSC、DMA和TG/DTA对MWCNTs/BCE-NCE树脂复合材料热性能进行研究,采用电子拉力机对MWCNTs/BCE-NCE树脂复合材料力学性能进行测试,采用谐振腔法对MWCNTs/BCE-NCE树脂复合材料介电性能进行测试。结果表明,混酸处理过的MWCNTs在BCE-NCE树脂基体中的分散效果较好。MWCNTs对BCE-NCE树脂热力学性能影响不大,当MWCNTs添加量为0.8wt%时,BCE-NCE树脂玻璃化转变温度（T_g）从298℃下降到285℃,但仍维持较高水平。当MWCNTs添加量为0.6wt%时,MWCNTs/BCE-NCE树脂复合材料冲击强度为11.40 kJ/m²,提高了40.7%。MWCNTs的加入增加了BCE-NCE树脂介电常数和介电损耗,当MWCNTs添加量为0.8wt%、频率为1 GHz时,MWCNTs/BCE-NCE树脂复合材料介电常数为5.1,介电损耗为0.032。因此,MWCNTs/BCE-NCE树脂复合材料未来可在耐高温复合材料和电子等行业应用。     

多壁碳纳米管/PCL-b-PNIPAM复合材料的制备

通过对多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）表面修饰合成羟基化的MWCNTs,利用羟基化的MWCNTs催化己内酯开环聚合,接着与溴代异丁酰溴反应,合成MWCNTs接枝聚己内酯（PCL）的大分子引发剂,利用该大分子引发剂引发N-异丙基丙烯酰胺单体进行原子转移自由基活性聚合（ATRP）,成功制备了MWCNTs/PCL-b-PNIPAM复合材料。利用FTIR、TGA、XRD、NMR及TEM对产物进行表征。考察了MWCNTs/PCL-b-PNIPAM复合材料的结晶性能及在氯仿中的溶混性。XRD结果表明:MWCNTs/PCL-b-PNIPAM复合材料的结晶峰与PCL-b-PNIPAM嵌段共聚物基本一致,并且MWCNTs/PCL-b-PNIPAM复合材料在氯仿溶液中有很好的混溶性。      

Study on the electrical behavior of MWCNTs in GF/Epoxy composites

The multi-wall nanotubes (MWCNTs) were divisionalized equably by the fabric of glass in composites. Then the electrical properties such as permittivity, conductance and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) of MWCNTs in GF/EP composite were studied. The effect of the content and dispersion of MWCNTs were researched in this work. Firstly the permittivity of MWCNTs/GF/EP composites were studied respectively by keeping layers of glass fabric and increasing content of MWCNTs or keeping content of MWCNTs and changing layers of glass fabric in electromagnetic wave band (5.85-18 GHz). Then the conductance of MWCNTs/GF/EP composites with different MWCNTs contents was tested. Furthermore, the EMI SE of composites with different MWCNTs contents in electromagnetic wave band (5.85-18 GHz) were studied. In addition, the morphologies of MWCNTs/GF/EP composites with the different MWCNTs weight percent were observed. The results show that the real part of permittivity of composites can be improved highest up to 75 and the imaginary part increase maximum up to 80. However there is no disciplinarian about effect of layers of glass fabric on dielectric property. The MWCNTs/GF/EP composite can be changed from the insulator to the semiconductor along with increasing the weight percent of MWCNTs. In electromagnetic wave band 5.85-18 GHz, the values of SE are increasing with increasing content of the MWCNTs.     

Microstructure and mechanical property of multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced aluminum matrix composites fabricated by friction stir processing

Aluminum matrix composites reinforced by different contents of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were fabricated by friction stir processing (FSP). The microstructure of nano-composites and the interface between aluminum matrix and MWCNTs were examined using optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was indicated that MWCNTs were well dispersed in the aluminum matrix throughout the FSP. Tensile tests and microhardness measurement showed that, with the increase of MWCNT content, the tensile strength and microhardness of MWCNTs/Al composites gradually increased, but on the contrary, the elongation decreased. The maximum ultimate tensile strength reached up to 190.2 MPa when 6 vol.% MWCNTs were added, and this value was two times more of that of aluminum matrix. Appearances and fracture surface micrographs of failed composite samples indicated that the composites become more and more brittle with the increase of the MWCNT content.     

Polyamide 6 composites reinforced with glass fibers modified with electrostatically assembled multiwall carbon nanotubes

Glass fiber-multiwall carbon nanotubes (GF-MWCNTs) hybrid preforms were prepared by electrostatic assembly method. Negatively charged MWCNTs by oxidization treatment were directly adsorbed onto the surfaces of positively charged GF to form tunable structure. The thickness and morphology of GF-MWCNTs preforms can be controlled by the assembly pH value and the concentration of oxidized-MWCNTs solution. We demonstrate that GF-MWCNTs preforms have uniform and porous interconnected network structure of MWCNTs on the surfaces of GF using FESEM. The multi-scale composites with the hybrid preforms were prepared by melt compounding. The presence of MWCNTs with porous nanostructure helps in the formation of interpenetrating network with polyamide 6 (PA 6) at the interface layer. As a result, the tensile tests of these multi-scale composites exhibit higher tensile properties in comparison with composites with GF, showing a promising structural composite to replace the traditional GF-reinforced composites with limited improvement of the performance.     

Carbon nanotubes/cyanate ester composites with low percolation threshold,high dielectric constant and outstanding thermal property

A novel kind of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/cyanate ester (CE) composites with low percolation threshold, high dielectric constant and excellent thermal property was developed. In order to investigate the effect of the surface nature of MWCNTs on the morphology and properties of the composites, MWCNTs and surface treated carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs–OH) were used to prepare two sorts of composites, coded as M/CE and M–OH/CE, respectively. Results show that increasing the content of MWCNTs or MWCNTs–OH, the dielectric constant of both kinds of composites initially increases until reaches the maximum value, and then decreases. In addition, when the percolation occurs, dielectric constant and loss of both kinds of composites decrease quickly with the increase of the tested frequency. The addition of MWCNTs into CE decreases the glass transition temperature and thermal stability, while the incorporation of MWCNTs–OH significantly improves the thermal stability of CE resin.