盐酸地尔硫(艹卓)对血管平滑肌细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的 探讨合贝爽对血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)增殖和凋亡的影响及其作用机制.方法 将VSMC随机分为五组,分别为空白组、模型组(AngⅡ10<'-7>mol/L)和模型+合贝爽1、2、3组(剂量分别为10<'-5>、10<'-6>、10<'-7>mol/L),应用MTT法检测VSMC的生长率,TUNEL法检测凋亡率,RT-PCR检测Bcl-2、Bax、Fas和P53 mRNA的表达.结果 合贝爽抑制VSMC增殖,促进VSMC凋亡,抑制抗凋亡基因Bcl-2的表达,促进促凋亡基因Bax、Fas和P53的表达.结论 合贝爽使VSMC增殖减少,凋亡增加,其机制可能与抑制抗凋亡基因Bcl-2表达、促进促凋亡基因Bax、Fas和P53表达有关.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对血管平滑肌细胞生物学行为的多重影响

目的　探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ (AngⅡ )对血管平滑肌细胞 (VSMC)增殖、迁移和凋亡等生物学行为多重影响的机制。方法　用腺病毒介导基因转染方法使VSMC表达AngⅡ 2型受体 (AT2R)并检测不同时相点AT2R表达率 ;对比AT2R表达前后AngⅡ 1型受体 (AT1R)表达量的变化以及对AngⅡ刺激的反应 ;通过 5 溴尿苷 (BrdU)参入法、改良Boyden′s趋化小室及流式细胞仪分别检测VSMC增殖、迁移及凋亡等生物学行为所受的影响。结果　VSMC的AT2R转染最高表达率在转染后 4 8h(89 5 1% ) ,AT1R最高表达率为 77 94 %。AT2R峰值表达时 ,转染组VSMC的BrdU参入量降低 5 1 6 %(P <0 0 1) ,细胞跨膜迁移数减少 6 2 2 % (P <0 0 5 ) ,细胞凋亡率由 7 6 %± 1 6 %显著地增加至32 1%± 5 5 % (P <0 0 1)。而未转染组以AT1R表达为主 ,AngⅡ作用明显具有促进VSMC增殖、迁移和抑制其凋亡的作用。结论　VSMC转染表达AT2R后 ,可显著地抑制AngⅡ通过AT1R所介导的促进VSMC增殖、迁移以及减少其凋亡的生物学作用。     

苦参素注射液联合顺铂对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡相关基因c-myc、bcl-2和bax表达的影响

目的探讨苦参素注射液(MI)联合顺铂(DDP)对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡相关基因c-myc、bcl-2和bax表达的影响。方法分别采用MI、顺铂及MI联合顺铂干预SMMC-7721细胞。TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡率,半定量RT-PCR法检测c-myc、bcl-2和bax mRNA表达,二步法免疫组化检测c-myc、bcl-2和bax蛋白表达。结果苦参素组、顺铂组和联合用药组细胞凋亡率显著上升,与对照组(不干预)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),联合用药具有单纯相加或协同作用;联合用药组的细胞凋亡率显著增加,bax mRNA和蛋白表达显著升高,c-myc、bcl-2 mRNA和蛋白表达显著减少,与DDP单药组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论苦参素注射液联合顺铂具有单纯相加或协同诱导肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡作用,其机制可能与bax基因表达上调和c-myc、bcl-2基因表达下调有关。     

去除穿膜区序列的线粒体融合素2基因通过线粒体凋亡路径促进大鼠血管平滑肌细胞凋亡

目的 研究去除穿膜区序列的大鼠线粒体融合素2(tMfn2)基因对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)凋亡的影响及其相关的信号通路.方法 用携带tMfn2基因和线粒体融合素2(Mfn2)基因的重组腺病毒(Adv-tMfn2和Adv-Mfn2)感染VSMC.采用流式细胞术、细胞凋亡ELISA、TUNEL染色等方法检测tMfn2对VSMC凋亡的影响.Western blot分析磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-Akt)以及线粒体凋亡路径中B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2蛋白(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关的X蛋白(Bax)、有活性的天冬氨酸特异-半胱氨酸蛋白酶9(cleaved caspase-9)的表达变化.结果 流式细胞仪检测和ELISA结果表明.tMfn2促VSMC凋亡的作用显著强于Mfn2,且呈时间依赖性[72 h凋亡率分别为(79.2±0.12)%和(65.0±1.2)%,P<0.01].TUNEL染色发现tMfn2组的凋亡细胞明显多于Mfn2组(P<0.01).Western blot结果显示,tMfn2和Mfn2组中p-Akt水平均明显降低,但前者作用更显著(P<0.01).进一步检测线粒体凋亡路径中的相关蛋白,tMfn2组的Bax蛋白表达显著升高、Bcl-2蛋白表达显著降低,且cleaved caspase-9的活性明显增强,较Mfn2诱导凋亡的作用更强(P<0.01).结论 与Mfn2相比,tMfn2促进VSMC凋亡的作用更强,其机制与抑制Akt磷酸化并激活线粒体凋亡途径有关.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ2型受体基因对血管平滑肌细胞的促凋亡作用

目的探索血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)2型(AT2)受体基因对血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)凋亡的影响.方法用同源重组技术构建携带AT2受体基因的复制缺陷型腺病毒载体(AdCMV-AT2R),将VSMC分为对照组及转染组(体外转染培养的大鼠VSMC),用流式细胞术检测其细胞转染率,逆转录多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测AT2受体、bcl-2和baxmRNA表达,流式细胞术、原位末端标记法检测VSMC凋亡.结果构建的AdCMV-AT2受体体外转染培养的VSMC的表达率为89.51%,VSMC表达AT2受体后,其凋亡发生率较对照组增加4.2倍(P＜0.01),bax表达增加76.3%,bcl-2则无明显变化,原位末端标记法检测结果表明转染组出现大量凋亡细胞.结论转染AT2受体基因可显著增加VSMC的凋亡,这对血管再狭窄的防治是有益的.     

琐琐葡萄多糖对β淀粉样蛋白诱导PC12细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨琐琐葡萄多糖(VTP)对β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ25~35)诱导PC12细胞凋亡的影响及作用机制。方法 Aβ25~35诱导PC12细胞建立阿尔茨海默病(AD)细胞模型,VTP(20、40、80 mg/L)作用于细胞模型,CCK-8法检测各组细胞活性,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,Real-time PCR检测凋亡相关基因Bcl-2和Bax表达。结果 VTP可提高PC12细胞活性,降低细胞凋亡率,增强Bcl-2 mRNA表达,抑制Bax mRNA表达。结论VTP对Aβ25~35诱导的PC12细胞凋亡具有明显的保护作用,其机制可能是通过增强Bcl-2 mRNA表达、降低Bax mRNA表达,抑制细胞凋亡。     

miR-155通过调控CaSR表达影响VSMC生长的机制研究

目的 miR-155可以通过干扰血管平滑肌细胞(VMSC)生物活性来抑制动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成,但具体机制不十分清楚。本研究主要观察miR-155对VSMC中钙敏感受体(CaSR)表达的影响,同时探讨CaSR在miR-155调控VSMC生物活性过程中的作用。方法培养VSMC,将miR-155 mimic、Ad-CaSR转染到VSMC中,Western blot检测相关基因的表达,MTT测定VSMC生长情况,流式细胞术检测VSMC的凋亡情况,Transwell检测VSMC迁移情况。结果 miR-155 mimic组CaSR的表达水平明显受抑制,VSMC凋亡明显减少,而VSMC的增殖和迁移能力明显增强;Ad-CaSR组和miR-155+Ad-CaSR组VSMC凋亡明显增加,而VSMC的增殖和迁移能力明显下降。结论 miR-155可以调控VSMC的生长,该作用可能是通过影响VSMC中CaSR的活性得以实现。     

原花青素对Aβ25-35诱导PC12细胞周期紊乱的保护作用

目的 观察原花青素(PAC)对β-淀粉样肽(25-35) (Aβ25-35)诱导体外血清饥饿培养的PC12细胞周期紊乱与凋亡的保护作用,并探讨其可能的作用机制.方法 采用血清饥饿培养使PC12细胞同步于G0期,PAC预处理后加入Aβ25-35,通过流式细胞仪分析细胞周期与凋亡,RT-PCR和Western印迹从mRNA及蛋白水平检测p21、Cyclin D1、pRb和E2F1基因表达的变化.结果 与Aβ25-35诱导组比较,PAC保护组S期细胞百分率明显减少,凋亡率明显降低(P＜0.05);p21 mRNA和蛋白表达增加(P＜0.05),Cyclin D1、E2F1 mRNA和Cyclin D1、pRb蛋白表达降低(P＜0.05).结论 PAC对Aβ25-35诱导的PC12细胞周期紊乱与凋亡起保护作用,其机制可能与上调p21表达,下调Cyclin D1、pRb、E2F1表达有关.     

丹参酮ⅡA对兔动脉粥样硬化病灶凋亡相关基因表达的影响

目的差异筛选丹参酮ⅡA诱导血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)凋亡相关基因葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78),观察其在动脉粥样硬化(AS)病灶中的表达情况,探讨丹参酮ⅡA抗AS的可能机制。方法建立同型半胱氨酸(HCY)诱导的兔VSMC增殖模型,与不同浓度丹参酮ⅡA共同培养48 h后,MTT法检测细胞增殖能力;RT-PCR筛选差异基因片段,克隆、鉴定、测序,组织原位杂交观察该基因在正常及AS病变组织中的表达水平。结果不同浓度的丹参酮ⅡA都可抑制HCY所诱导的VSMC增殖;筛选出全长648 bp的基因片段与兔GRP78基因高度同源,组织原位杂交显示该基因在AS病灶VSMC胞质中高表达。结论 GRP78基因参与AS病变形成,上调其表达可能是丹参酮ⅡA诱导VSMC凋亡作用机制之一。     

原癌基因c-myc核酶表达载体抑制血管平滑肌细胞的c-myc表达

目的 构建原癌基因c-myc核酶表达载体以抑制心血管系统细胞异常增殖.方法 采用DNASIS软件对大鼠c-myc mRNA进行二级结构和最低自由能分析,确定第4600位核苷酸作为核酶的切割位点,设计并合成c-myc核酶.通过体外切割实验证明该核酶的有效性.进一步构建成c-myc核酶表达载体,转染同步化血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)以检测其对原癌基因c-myc表达的影响.结果 体外切割实验显示该核酶能有效地将85bp的模板切割成60和25 bp的二个片段.所构建载体经酶切法和基因测序法证明其序列的正确性.转染VSMC后能有效抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的c-myc的表达.结论 c-myc核酶表达载体能有效抑制VSMC的c-myc过度表达,适合用于动脉增殖性疾病的基因治疗.     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。