基于非局部隐式梯度模型的混凝土断裂损伤

介绍了隐式梯度模型及其与非局部模型的关系;分析了隐式梯度模型中非局部等价应变求解时形函数的选取原则;讨论了受均布载荷作用下平面应力裂纹混凝土板裂尖的应变场;提出了隐式梯度模型中采用数值外插法求解裂尖的非局部等价应变,解决了裂尖损伤场光滑问题.数值计算表明隐式梯度模型对避免软化损伤模拟时的病态网格依赖性和零能量损耗有非常好的效果.     

基于非局部模型的混凝土损伤的数值模拟

分析了局部损伤模型在进行混凝土应变软化模拟时存在的问题:网络依赖性和零能量损耗问题;在传统的非局部损伤模型中引入光滑的权函数,构造一种新的非局部损伤模型。计算表明该非局部损伤模型可较好避免有限元在应变软化模拟时的网络依赖性,预测出的荷载-位移反应与实际情况吻合较好。     

多孔介质动力应变局部化分析的梯度塑性模型

针对数值结果的网络依赖性在多孔介质动力渗流应变局部化有限元分析中同样存在的这一问题进行了讨论。采用梯度塑性模型对该问题进行处理,推导并给出模型所对应的内长度比例参数,对于数值求解,建立了用于软化问题分析二次规划算法,一维模型的数值结果证明了所提出的理论及算法。     

沥青混凝土局部应变模型及其数值分析

论述了沥青混凝土材料由于应力、加载时间及温度变化所引起的应变局部化问题,在动态塑性理论的基础上,提出了相关连续动态塑性理论模型以及模拟沥青混凝土材料变形破坏的新方法,并编制了相应的有限元程序·用该模型模拟分析了沥青混凝土(典型的相关率材料)受力破坏过程·由于模型考虑了应变率的相关性,模型具有非网格依赖性·对半弯曲模型的数值试验(SCB)结果表明沥青混凝土(典型的应变相关率材料)破坏过程中存在着应变局部化问题·模型能较好地模拟局部破坏的形成过程·     

关于非线性非局部应变梯度模型的探讨

考虑线性软化模型不能反映材料软化变形复杂性的不足,选取高斯正态分布函数作为非局部理论的权函数,同时采用指数型应力衰减模式考虑软化的非线性特征,进一步地将这种非线性非局部理论与采用Laplace算子考虑塑性应变梯度效应的塑性梯度理论相结合,建议了一种非线性非局部应变梯度模型,并据此针对各向同性单向拉伸杆的力学响应进行了分析,将计算结果与线性软化模型进行了对比.结果表明:在非线性软化模型中,尽管塑性应变分布形式与线性软化模型的相同,但塑性应变同时依赖于应力降与破坏极限应变,两者最大应变是不同的.     

混凝土开裂的三维非线性数值模拟

作为一种准脆性材料,混凝土在发生开裂后将表现一定的应变软化特性。该文将Bazant提出的钝断裂带模型,扩展到考虑剪切软化情形,推导出全量算法的三维弥散软化本构关系,并对线性、双线性两种应力应变软化关系采用简化的割线模量折减系数,应用于混凝土开裂扩展的三维数值模拟。通过对比三点弯梁试验的数值模拟结果与试验结果,以及与二维增量关系模型的计算结果进行比较,验证了该模型能较好地模拟混凝土开裂行为。     

权函数在非局部损伤模型中的应用研究

分析了非局部损伤模型在模拟损伤发展中的特性,介绍了在非局部损伤模型中计算非局部等价应变时光滑权函数的特点及选取原则。通过算例表明,采用B-Spline权函数和Gauss权函数的非局部模型可以较好的避免有限元实现时,计算结果的对网格的依赖性和零能量消耗问题。     

基于MSG理论的超薄梁弯曲问题的数值模拟

为了解决超薄梁弯曲计算中存在的低阶单元出现自锁和过刚的缺陷问题,采用基于应变梯度理论的假设应变有限元方法,研究了微尺度梁弯曲问题中的尺度效应.在假设应变单元设计中,非局部的应变梯度项通过围绕高斯点的胞元进行数值积分而得到.进一步在本构方程中引入等效应变梯度项,在积分本构方程时就可以反映材料在微细变形时的尺寸效应.首先,构造了一个基于细观机制的应变梯度理论的增强假设应变有限元模型.通过这种方法,非局部的应变梯度通过围绕高斯点的胞元积分而加入到本构方程中.由这个模型,发展了一个增强假设应变有限元程序,利用此程序对一超薄梁受均布荷载作用下,不同厚度,不同网格划分时的弯曲问题进行了数值模拟.结果显示,这种方法能够很好的体现出超薄梁在不同厚度和不同网格划分下的尺度效应.此方法具有较好的适用性.     

钢筋混凝土板的三维非线性有限元分析

采用组合式钢筋混凝土非线性有限元方法,对集中荷载作用下钢筋混凝土板进行了极限承载力分析,混凝土材料采用弹塑性本构模型;为考虑材料达到极限强度后的性能,用弥散裂缝模式模拟混凝土拉裂后的应变软化及应力释放,用应变空间破坏面近似处理混凝土的压碎型破坏;钢筋采用等效薄膜模拟,经与试验结果对比,两者吻合性较好。     

土的应变软化模型及其在边值问题中的应用

为深入认识土体的变形与破坏规律和合理设计土体的承载能力 ,根据密砂的三轴试验数据 ,建立了反映土的应变软化的弹塑性模型。用有限元法对密砂的厚壁筒内压扩张问题进行了计算 ,结果表明密砂的厚壁筒的内压扩张问题具有整体软化和突然崩塌式的破坏特性 ,说明所建立的应变软化模型有较好的适用性     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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