水泥窑在市政污泥处理处置中的应用

目前我国的市政污泥仅有小部分进行堆肥、焚烧以及建材利用等,其余大部分污泥均未进行规范化的处理处置,为市政污泥的处理处置寻求解决出路十分必要。从目前我国市政污泥现状及常规污泥处理方法分析入手,以北京水泥厂污泥干化和水泥窑焚烧项目为例,介绍利用水泥窑处理市政污泥的技术。叙述了项目的建设规模、工艺路线、工艺参数及技术特点,并对利用水泥窑协同处理处置市政污泥技术的关键问题进行了分析。     

延庆县污泥资源化利用现状及处置方式分析

通过对延庆当前污泥处理现状及污泥性质进行分析,对现今运用比较普遍的污泥处理技术进行比较,推荐采用有氧堆肥工艺解决延庆地区污泥处理问题。并对有氧堆肥工艺流程及原理做进一步阐述。研究表明,污泥堆肥处理技术是一项兼具经济性和环保性的工艺,在处理污水厂剩余污泥的同时,也将污泥资源化,变废为宝,其产生的堆肥产品能够被农田循环利用,且具有很大市场潜力和多种利用价值。对延庆生态及经济的发展起到了推动作用,符合延庆生态县建设要求及远期发展目标。     

从洛阳污泥两期工程设计看中国污泥堆肥技术变迁与发展趋势

洛阳污泥一期、二期工程时间跨度近10年,为数据分析与经验积累提供了难得的机遇。分别对洛阳污泥两期工程概况、工艺流程、工程设计、设计特点进行了详细阐述,并对核心设计参数进行了对比。总结了我国污泥堆肥技术从始至今经历的三个阶段,介绍了洛阳污泥两期工程在其中的位置,以及每一阶段堆肥技术总体发展趋势。     

郑州马头岗污水处理厂污泥处理处置方案比选

郑州马头岗污水处理厂近期规模30万m3/d,采用UCT工艺,设计阶段进行了浓缩污泥单独消化脱水方案与三座污水处理厂浓缩脱水污泥集中堆肥的污泥处理处置方案比选.介绍了两种方案的设计参数、前期处理工程费用及运行费用等情况,并确定了污泥最终处理处置方式.     

市政污泥好氧发酵前处理工艺比选及工程应用

针对市政污泥好氧发酵技术特点,对其原理、影响因素和优缺点进行了简要说明,并对发酵前处理工艺进行了分析比选.通过与离心机、板框压滤机比较可知,作为一种深度脱水技术,高压带式压滤机较为适用于待发酵污泥的前处理,其优点包括:可与原脱水系统无缝连接、系统占地面积小、建设周期短、能耗和运行费用低、脱水效果好、出泥稳定性高以及可自动操作等.工程应用实践表明,污泥进行深度脱水后再堆肥,减少了堆肥过程中辅料和返混料添加量,节约了项目的运行成本,可缩小项目占地并降低项目投资,对已有项目改造还可增加项目处理量.此外,由于满足园林绿化用泥质标准,该污泥处理厂发酵产物作为园林绿化有机肥进行资源化利用.     

污泥条垛堆肥工艺升级改造与运行优化

庞各庄污泥堆肥处置厂改造前存在条垛升温慢、堆肥周期长、臭味严重、运行不稳定等问题,在工艺比较和生产性试验的基础上进行了工艺升级改造,增加了污泥预调理、强制通风及氧-温在线监测智能化控制系统(ENS),形成了"污泥预调理混合+强制通风+氧-温智能化控制"的工艺,同时配合生产运行控制的优化调整,污泥平均发酵周期由原来的30多天缩短到两周以内,处理能力显著提升的同时,物料发酵的均匀性有显著改善,处理能耗、物耗较低,气味物质在源头得到有效控制,显著改善了车间和厂区卫生环境。     

生物沥浸污泥饼高温堆肥系统工艺设计及运行效果

以无锡芦村污水处理厂高干度生物沥浸污泥饼(含水率≤60%)为对象构建了高温好氧堆肥系统,介绍了工艺流程、主要设备、运行参数和处理效果。该堆肥系统设计能力为80t/d,采用条垛式高温堆肥法进行堆肥,所需辅料、占地面积、恶臭等均比常规污泥堆肥大幅减少,经3~4周堆肥后污泥达到腐熟,有机质含量高,外观呈褐色松散颗粒状,符合园林绿化要求,具有良好的环境效益和社会经济效益。     

污泥堆肥技术及工程设计

针对极易对地下水、土壤等造成二次污染的那些未进行规范化处理处置的脱水污泥,着重介绍了堆肥法的分类和好氧堆肥法的过程及原理,并结合作者的工程实践经历,介绍了工艺设计中,应该选择的设计流程、参数及应该注意的问题。     

污水处理厂板框污泥好氧堆肥养分及重金属形态变化的研究

以板框压滤机脱水泥饼为研究对象,对板框污泥好氧堆肥进行了研究,对比堆肥前后污泥的理化性质、营养成分、卫生学指标及重金属的变化,并采用BCR提取-电感耦合发射光谱法对堆肥前后污泥中的铬、铜、镍、铅和锌进行了形态分析。结果表明好氧堆肥可降低板框污泥中重金属的生物有效性,可以成为解决污泥土地利用重金属污染的一个有效途径,为污水处理厂板框污泥资源化利用提供了借鉴作用。     

污泥堆肥土地利用对土壤环境及高羊茅特性的影响

结合北京市污泥堆肥土地利用现状．研究了污泥堆肥对土壤环境及高羊茅（Festuca arundinace。）的影响。旨在为北京市污泥堆肥用于高羊茅园林生产提供理论依据,促进资源再利用。研究结果表明．施用污泥堆肥增加了高羊茅栽植小区土壤养分含量,特别是土壤中有机质含量增加明显,与空白对照相比增加了43．9％～73．2％,对土壤养分状况具有一定的改良效果;施用污泥堆肥后,高羊茅栽植小区土壤中重金属含量虽有不同程度的增加。但均远低于相关标准限值．且土壤重金属污染综合指数小于土壤安全限值0．7．表明种植小区土壤未受到重金属污染：施用污泥堆肥对高羊茅生长具有一定的促进作用．与空白对照相比．高羊茅总生物量增长率为16．7％～50．0％。综合分析试验结果,确定污泥堆肥用于高羊茅的适宜施用量为2kg／m^2。     

Commissioning and operational experiences for the 160ML/d Woodman Point Sequencing Batch Reactor--control of settleability and denitrification using bioselectors.

Achieving and maintaining good biomass settling characteristics is a critical process design objective for any activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), whether intermittent or continuous technology. One way of ensuring good sludge settleability in intermittent WWTPs is the incorporation of bioselectors in the process. A bioselector is essentially a small discrete reactor volume designed primarily for carbon absorption, in which activated sludge organisms are exposed to a high substrate concentration for a relatively short time. It is normally very much smaller than an anoxic zone and the activated sludge recycle is only a fraction of that typically adopted in continuous plants. With proper conditioning, recycled biomass rapidly absorbs and stores soluble organic wastewater components before transfer to the main treatment basin. This absorption and storage mechanism, and careful management of aeration throughout the intermittent treatment cycle, plays a crucial role in many subsequent growth and treatment processes, including sludge floc formation, denitrification and biological phosphorus removal. This paper examines some design considerations, and reviews the benefits of bioselectors by reference to the commissioning and initial operation of the new 160ML/d Woodman Point Sequencing Batch Reactor in Perth, Western Australia. The applicability of bioselectors in continuous plants is discussed.     

白龙港污水处理厂生物处理污泥产量分析与预测

准确了解城市污水处理厂的污泥产量,不仅对污水处理厂的运行管理有指导意义,也有利于后续污泥的处理与处置。对上海白龙港污水处理厂生物处理工艺污泥产量的设计值、实际运行值进行计算,分析不同污泥产量计算方法的特点。并对重新启用初沉池后污泥产量的变化进行了详细的测算和分析,结果表明,重新启用初沉池后污泥产量比超越初沉运行时有所减少,减轻了后续污泥处置负荷。     

Dynamic of lead speciation in sewage sludge composting.

A large-scale sewage sludge composting experiment was conducted to develop an understanding of changes that occur to Pb chemical speciation, distribution and bio-availability during the course of composting. The four-stage Tessier sequential extraction method was employed to investigate the dynamics of heavy metal Pb speciation (exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter and sulphides, residual) during the course of sewage sludge composting. The concentrations of the total Pb and the five Pb fractions concentrations were increased during the whole stage of compost. However, the percentages of Pb distribution with respect to total Pb were changed in the following manner: exchangeable, bound to Fe-Mn oxides and bound to carbonates Pb with respect to total Pb were increased, while the percentages of bound to organic matter and sulphides, and residual Pb with respect to total Pb were decreased during composting. The data showed that the quantity of Pb in the less toxic portion, such as consisting of organic matter and sulphides bound and residual Pb, was increased, and that the contamination and bio-availability of heavy metal Pb in sewage sludge was reduced during the composting process.     

A biofilm model for engineering design.

A biofilm model is presented for process engineering purposes--wastewater treatment plant design, upgrade and optimisation. The model belongs in the 1D dynamic layered biofilm model category, with modifications that allow it to be used with one parameter set for a large range of process situations. The biofilm model is integrated with a general activated sludge/anaerobic digestion model combined with a chemical equilibrium, precipitation and pH module. This allows the model to simulate the complex interactions that occur in the aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic layers of the biofilm. The model has been tested and is shown to match a variety of design guidelines, as well as experimental results from batch testing and full-scale plant operation. Both moving bed bioreactors (MBBR) and integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) systems were simulated using the same model and parameter set. A new steady-state solver generates fast solutions and allows interactive design work with the complex model.     

合肥市滨湖新区塘西河再生水厂工程设计

本文介绍了合肥市塘西河再生水厂的工程设计参数、处理工艺流程及其设计特点。该工程污 水处理设计规模为3. 0万m3/d,处理工艺为预处理、AZ/0、膜生物反应池和二氧化氯消毒的一体化 联合工艺,污泥处理采用机械浓缩脱水一体机。水厂的出水水质要求同时满足《城镇污水处理厂污染 物排放标准》( GB 18918-2002)和《城市污水再生利用景观环境用水标准》( GB/T 18921-2002 )。全 厂区采用分散收集、生物和天然植物喷淋液的联合除臭技术。     

EcoDry污泥干燥技术在欧洲的应用

EcoDry工艺是一种以污泥粒渣为燃料的新型污泥干燥技术,分析了该工艺的原理、特性、优缺点,着重介绍其在德国Obrigheim污水处理厂和匈牙利Pecs污水处理厂扩建工程中的应用,并对运行结果和排放标准进行了比较.研究结果表明,EcoDry工艺的干污泥和废气排放符合欧盟标准,可以为我国新建、扩建现有污泥干燥处置系统提供参考.     

On-line determination of sludge settling velocity for flux-based real-time control of secondary clarifiers.

The state diagram for operation of secondary clarifiers is used to design a control algorithm for the return sludge pumping and determination of the actual hydraulic capacity of the biological step of a wastewater treatment plant. On-line input for the control algorithm is derived from a sludge volume sensor and a suspended solids sensor in the form of software sensors giving values for the sludge settling characteristics - settling velocity, sludge volume index, initial settling velocity and the exponent in the Vesilind equation - allowing the control to accommodate the ever changing settling characteristics and thereby keep the suspended solids flux in the clarifiers in balance for both dry weather flows and during rain events. The control algorithm has been implemented, tested and set into normal operation on a full scale wastewater treatment plant.     

Benchmarking of municipal waste water treatment plants (an Austrian project).

An Austrian research project focused on the development of process indicators for treatment plants with different process and operation modes. The whole treatment scheme was subdivided into four processes, i.e. mechanical pretreatment (Process 1), mechanical-biological waste water treatment (Process 2), sludge thickening and stabilisation (Process 3) and further sludge treatment and disposal (Process 4). In order to get comparable process indicators it was necessary to subdivide the sample of 76 individual treatment plants all over Austria into five groups according to their mean organic load (COD) in the influent. The specific total yearly costs, the yearly operating costs and the yearly capital costs of the four processes have been related to the yearly average of the measured organic load expressed in COD (110 g COD/pe/d). The specific investment costs for the whole treatment plant and for Process 2 have been related to a calculated standard design capacity of the mechanical-biological part of the treatment plant expressed in COD. The capital costs of processes 1, 3 and 4 have been related to the design capacity of the treatment plant. For each group (related to the size of the plant) a benchmark band has been defined for the total yearly costs, the total yearly operational costs and the total yearly capital costs. For the operational costs of the Processes 1 to 4 one benchmark ([see symbol in text] per pe/year) has been defined for each group. In addition a theoretical cost reduction potential has been calculated. The cost efficiency in regard to water protection and some special sub-processes such as aeration and sludge dewatering has been analysed.     

Boosting nitrification with the BABE technology.

Over the past years there has been a growing interest for compact, simple, low cost and robust technologies to upgrade wastewater treatment plants for nitrogen removal. The BABE (Bio Augmentation Batch Enhanced) technology is such a new concept. This patented system for biological treatment of sludge liquor - the effluent produced from digested sludge - uses a new principle, boosting the nitrifying bacteria in a side stream in such a way that the activated sludge in the main process is augmented. This augmentation increases the nitrification capacity of the wastewater treatment plant (wwtp). Experiments on a practical scale have demonstrated the effective and stable operation of the BABE technology. Model studies supported by the results of the full-scale tests showed that the technology can be applied in several situations, i.e. 1) introducing nitrification at high loaded wwtps; 2) enhancing nitrification at wwtps with incomplete nitrification; 3) enlarging denitrification at wwtps with complete nitrification. Most likely this year a full-scale application will be realized in the Netherlands at a wwtp with insufficient nitrification throughout the year.