巩乃斯河流域游憩景观生态评价及持续利用

流域是重要的景观生态空间和游憩景观建设空间。游憩景观生态适宜性评价与规划是合理利用流域资源,建立流域协调景观体系,促进流域可持续发展的重要环节。以巩乃斯河流域景观空间为依托,以游憩景观生态适宜性评价为核心,通过景观旷奥度和相容度的核心评价和综合评价,研究了巩乃斯河流域游憩景观生态适宜性特征,探讨了巩乃斯河流域游憩景观生态保护、游憩景观资源可持续利用的重点途径。     

北京市郊区游憩空间分布规律

郊区是城市发展的腹地,郊区游憩空间不仅能够满足都市居民出游的需求,而且对维护城市生态安全具有重要意义。本文选取北京作为案例地,对郊区的游憩空间布局规律进行研究。在前期研究的基础上,结合网络、文献、调研收集数据,将游憩空间按照功能划分为3类：公共游憩空间、商业游憩空间与附属游憩空间;将不同功能、不同经营主体与不同土地利用的游憩空间组织起来,从而建立北京郊区游憩空间采样数据库,采用GIS空间分析的技术手段得出结论。研究发现,北京郊区各类游憩空间布局具有空间分异规律。公共游憩空间中风景名胜区分布在远郊的山区;城市公园与城市形态相关;郊野公园属于政策导向型的游憩空间,在一定程度上缓解了资源本底条件造成的游憩空间不均匀分布。商业游憩空间呈现产品的空间分异,并与交通、水系条件密切相关;乡村游憩设施依托于大型景区,并与农业传统相关。北京郊区的游憩空间已经初步具备网络结构并向纵深发展,出现了产业集中区。最后指出北京游憩空间布局中存在的不合理现象和改进的方向。该研究旨在构建都市游憩空间的有机结构,为城市规划与游憩管理提供科学依据。     

景观规划的特点与一般原则

本文从景观生态学的角度对景观规划的目标、任务和基本原则进行了论述,分别介绍了城市景观规划、农村景观规划、园林风景区的景观规划、旅游名胜区的景观规划以及自然保护区的景观规划等五个方面的应用内涵。其共同目标是人与自然关系的协调,时空结合意义上的可持续发展,即建立生态可持续的景观。通过经济规划、环境规划与景观设计的结合,使得区域开发、资源利用与生态保护相衔接与配合,生产建设、生活建设与生态建设相适应,从而达到经济效益、社会效应与生态效益的最终一致。     

上海郊区城市化模式探讨

郊区城市化就是城市郊区乡村型社会地域组织向城市型社会地域组织演变的过程。20世纪90年代以来,上海郊区进入了快速城市化阶段,大片农村景观迅速演变为城市景观,但是“均衡发展”模式引导下,上海郊区城市化明显滞后于工业化水平,并出现“大城市,小郊区”的状况,笔者提出,欲加快郊区城市化速度与提高城市化质量,必须实现由“均衡发展”到“重点建设”的转变,并提出新城建设、中心镇建设与中心村建设等三种重要模式。     

城镇滨水区游憩管理模式

滨水区是服务于人们游憩活动的综合性空间环境,其生态要素是滨水区游憩管理的重要内容之一.为了强化水体服务于滨水区的生态功能,提升城镇滨水区的景观生态价值,以丹东市城乡滨水区为例,提出了滨水区生态利益游憩管理模式(EBBM),指导城镇滨水区景观生态的规划建设.采用结构方程验证了该模型中生态要素与活动、背景、体验及利益等要素之间的结构关系.在模型验证过程中,运用SPSS13.0及AMOS6.0软件测试了模型;拟合度检验表明,该模型具有较高的可靠性.     

北京西部山地景观生态整治与景观规划--以北京房山区史家营乡的典型研究为例

北京市西部山区是因矿区开发使山地景观生态环境破坏的重点地区,在北京市生态环境整治与建设中具有十分重要的典型意义。不合理的煤炭资源开采导致了矿点密度大,采空塌陷区分布广,水资源急剧减少,水质污染严重,植被大规模遭破坏,水土流失严重,泥石流等灾害加重以及煤尘污染问题突出等一系列环境问题,呈现出山地生态系统遭受严重破坏的景观生态特征。本文以史家营为例,在典型调查的基础上,规划了景观生态环境恢复与重建区、种植养殖和观光生态农业示范区、果粮养殖生态农业区、林草放牧生态畜牧业示范区、生态旅游区的五个景观规划区域,探讨了生态型矿业、中低山特色生态农业和生态旅游发展的产业发展模式,并初步提出了景观生态整治的措施。     

珠三角城市群生态游憩空间分异特征及关联性因素

生态游憩空间是居民放松身心、亲近自然的主要活动场所,是提升居民生活质量和幸福感的重要开放空间。随着城市群的一体化发展,以及城市群居民对居住环境和休闲品质要求的提高,生态空间游憩利用的区域组织成为了新的理论课题。本文在界定生态游憩空间并对其进行空间解译的基础上,运用GIS空间分析方法,对珠三角城市群生态游憩空间分布的集聚和分异特征进行了刻画,并分析了其与人文、自然生态要素的空间关系,揭示生态游憩空间分布存在的问题与成因。结果显示：① 各城市生态空间游憩利用率的空间分异明显,反映了生态空间游憩利用缺少有效的区域统筹。② 生态游憩空间数量、规模、等级以及生态空间游憩利用率分布具有空间集聚特征,但四者的集聚导向存在差异。③ 生态游憩空间分布与地形、交通具有空间依存关系,但与水系、旅游要素以及文化资源分布的关联性不明显。④ 生态游憩空间面积分布与人口密度分布相反,说明珠三角城市群生态空间游憩服务存在供需空间错位矛盾。     

城市游憩型滨河湿地景观规划方案评价——以河南省新乡市卫河滨河湿地为例

城市滨河湿地作为河流湿地的重要组成部分,其美化环境和休闲娱乐功能近年来受到广泛关注.如何对城市游憩型滨河湿地的景观规划方案进行科学合理地评价一直是方案评审中的难题,研究合理的评价方法具有一定的理论价值和实用价值.将因子分析法应用于城市游憩型滨河湿地景观规划方案评价中,以新乡市卫河滨河湿地的48个景观规划方案为样本,选取边界的连续性、绿化覆盖率、生物多样性、文化品质、场所丰富性、亲水宜人性、交通流畅性、夜景品质作为城市游憩型滨河湿地景观规划方案评价指标,构建了城市游憩型滨河湿地景观规划方案评估函数.应用该方法可以计算出每个方案的综合得分和排序.提取前10名的方案作为专家决选的依据,占样本总数的20.8％.这些方案或者整体质量较高,较全面兼顾了规划的需求;或者某些指标具有亮点,对方案整合具有借鉴意义.该方法可以减少评价指标的个数,有利于实现优中选优,增加评价的准确性并提高评价的效率.     

北京市绿带游憩空间分布特征及其成因

绿带是阻止城市蔓延、提高城市生态安全格局的重要手段,其游憩开发能够为大都市游憩空间紧缺提供有效的解决途径。以北京市第二道绿带为研究区,以2013年绿带内6种类型游憩空间（共448处）为研究对象,运用Kernel核密度算法等空间分析方法,从北京市绿带游憩空间的整体分布格局、规模容量特征和各类型游憩空间分布特征及成因三个层面进行分析。主要结论：① 从整体分布格局来看,北京市绿带内形成了若干游憩空间集聚区域,游憩空间结构出现“北密南疏”的整体特征;北部游憩空间集聚程度高且分布连续成带,南部游憩空间集聚程度较低且分布离散成团;北部温榆河沿岸地区游憩空间大量集聚,成为绿带游憩空间结构的主要骨架。② 从规模容量特征来看,占地规模较大的游憩空间呈集聚分布,规模较小的游憩空间呈分散分布,绿带内已形成了6个由面积规模较大的游憩空间密集分布构成的热点区。③ 绿带内6种类型游憩空间分布特征及成因表现为：绿带内的资源环境本底决定了既有吸引物游憩空间的空间特征;政策性规划引导郊野休闲公园空间分布相对均匀;重要水系与运动健身游憩空间的空间分布高度关联;主题活动游憩空间更倾向于靠近主要交通干道;会议度假游憩空间与北京市地热资源分布契合度高;民俗体验游憩空间大量分布在海淀区上庄水库周边。揭示了北京市绿带游憩空间布局情况,为中国绿带游憩体系的统筹建设、空间结构调整和布局优化提供了参考。     

城市景观建设与管理探讨

我国快速城市化进程中普遍存在城市景观特色丧失、千城一面等城市建设规划与管理症结.随着经济发展,城市风貌与景观特色已广受关注.针对城市景观乱象,在总结国内外城市景观研究与应用的基础上,提出了开展城市景观调查、加强城市生态基础设施保护、重视乡土植物景观保护与利用以及加强环境经济与公共政策研究等思路,探讨了构建符合生态环境保护与可持续发展时代精神、结合城市自然环境特征、切合社会经济发展与居民文化生活状况的城市景观评价与控制体系,指出通过坚持城市景观特色的继承与发展进行有效地城市景观规划建设与管理的途径与方法.     

基于FFII的城市旅游景观塑造:伊春市案例

城市景观是城市旅游的重要依托。文中应用旅游景观、旅游规划、景观生态和城市设计的基本理论 ,从发展城市旅游的角度 ,提出了城市旅游景观塑造的FFII概念体系 ,并对伊春城市旅游景观整治的案例进行了实证研究。     

北京城市空间发展和土地利用—伦敦经验启示

Beijing is facing a huge challenge to manage the growth of its built-up area whilst also retaining both productive arable land and land for conservation purposes in order to simultaneously realize the three aims of economic development,protecting arable land and generating environmental improvements. Meanwhile,London,as a world city with more than 200 years of industrialization and urbanization,has accumulated rich theoretical and practical experiences for land use planning in a major urban area,such as the creation of Garden Cities,a designated Green Belt and New Towns. This paper firstly analyzes the main characteristics of the spatial distribution of the built-up area,arable land and conservation land in Beijing. Then,some of the key aspects of urban fringe planning in the London region are examined. Lastly,several implications from the experience of London are provided with respect to land-use planning for Beijing,concentrating on a re-appraisal of land-use functions around Beijing,measures to improve the green belt,the development of small towns to house rural-urban migrants and urban overspill,and effective implementation of land-use planning.     

Urban spatial development and land use in Beijing: Implications from London’s experiences

Beijing is facing a huge challenge to manage the growth of its built-up area whilst also retaining both productive arable land and land for conservation purposes in order to simultaneously realize the three aims of economic development, protecting arable land and generating environmental improvements. Meanwhile, London, as a world city with more than 200 years of industrialization and urbanization, has accumulated rich theoretical and practical experiences for land use planning in a major urban area, such as the creation of Garden Cities, a designated Green Belt and New Towns. This paper firstly analyzes the main characteristics of the spatial distribution of the built-up area, arable land and conservation land in Beijing. Then, some of the key aspects of urban fringe planning in the London region are examined. Lastly, several implications from the experience of London are provided with respect to land-use planning for Beijing, concentrating on a re-appraisal of land-use functions around Beijing, measures to improve the green belt, the development of small towns to house rural-urban migrants and urban overspill, and effective implementation of land-use planning.     

北京城市边缘区非农产业活动特征与形成机制*

考察了北京主城边缘区的非农产业结构与空间特征,揭示了二者的交互演进过程:非农产业的发展是城市边缘区形成的重要标志,产业结构的升级促进了边缘区的圈层扩展和空间演进;边缘区的外移过程中,制造业具有稳定的优势,交运仓储、生产资料租赁等传统生产者服务业的优势也随之强化,但空间黏滞性较强的旅游、体育等行业则促进了边缘区产业结构的时相差异性。文章对城市边缘区"年轮式"的圈层扩展进行了定量实证分析,并将其实现的微观路径归纳为飞地式、轴向、填充式和外推式等四种扩展模式。城市规划、城郊高速公路和开发区建设、地价和综合环境的改善是城市边缘区产业空间演变的重要动力。城市空间优化和产业结构调整的结合是解决边缘区产业、空间和社会问题的有效途径。     

Exploring the fringe belt concept in Auckland: An urban morphological idea and planning practice

The idea of urban fringe belts has been recognised as a powerful means of understanding the physical form of urban areas and the process of urban outward growth and internal change. Surrounding Auckland's city core, an inner fringe belt can be recognised. Farther out there are middle and outer fringe belts. Fluctuations in socio-economic development, the adoption of new transport modes, land reclamation and topography are major factors influencing the formation of these fringe belts. The examination of changes to fringe belts highlights important issues of urban transformation, which are pertinent to planning and design policies for urban landscape management.     

Factors of spatial distribution of recreation areas in peri-urban Beijing

Based on the case study of peripheral urban areas in Beijing, this paper aims to identify the factors which will influence the spatial distribution of peri-urban recreation areas, by analyzing the collected data from questionnaires, online survey, documentation and field investigations (2007). In order to achieve sound information, relevant data from different management departments, owners and land-use types involved in the case study area are collected. A sampling database for peri-urban recreation areas in Beijing is established, and GIS spatial analyses as well as statistic analyses are applied. The result indicates that spatial distribution of recreation areas is majorly influenced by four factors, e.g. tourism attractions and environmental conditions, policy and spatial governance, consumption demand and preference, land price and availability. Tourism attractions and environmental conditions are dominant factors for public recreation areas. Commercial recreation areas are highly related with accessibility. Agricultural recreation areas are usually attached to special farmlands near large-scaled scenic areas. Meanwhile, recreational business clusters have appeared in suburbs influenced by mass recreation market growth. Controlled by the land price, commercial recreation areas are differentiated on their scales and developing intensity. Policy and spatial governance have made arrangements of recreation areas more balancing and more human-oriented. A peri-urban recreation area model is therefore established on the basis of this analysis, which can guide urban planning and designing, land-use planning and recreation resource development.     

Factors of spatial distribution of recreation areas in peri-urban Beijing

Based on the case study of peripheral urban areas in Beijing, this paper aims to identify the factors which will influence the spatial distribution of peri-urban recreation areas, by analyzing the collected data from questionnaires, online survey, documentation and field investigations (2007). In order to achieve sound information, relevant data from different management departments, owners and land-use types involved in the case study area are collected. A sampling database for peri-urban recreation areas in Beijing is established, and GIS spatial analyses as well as statistic analyses are applied. The result indicates that spatial distribution of recreation areas is majorly influenced by four factors, e.g. tourism attractions and environmental conditions, policy and spatial governance, consumption demand and preference, land price and availability. Tourism attractions and environmental conditions are dominant factors for public recreation areas. Commercial recreation areas are highly related with accessibility. Agricultural recreation areas are usually attached to special farmlands near large-scaled scenic areas. Meanwhile, recreational business clusters have appeared in suburbs influenced by mass recreation market growth. Controlled by the land price, commercial recreation areas are differentiated on their scales and developing intensity. Policy and spatial governance have made arrangements of recreation areas more balancing and more human- oriented. A peri-urban recreation area model is therefore established on the basis of this analysis, which can guide urban planning and designing, land-use planning and recreation resource development.     

北京市郊区传统村落价值评价及可持续利用模式探讨——以北京市门头沟区传统村落的调查研究为例

北京市西部门头沟区保留有许多传统村落,这些传统村落经过历史的积淀而具有典型的地域特征和深厚的文化底蕴,成为京西独特的景观旅游资源。在深入系统调查的基础上,结合悠久性、完整性、乡土性、协调性、典型性对传统村落的价值特征进行了综合评价,将传统村落划分为遗产性村落、特色性村落和保护性村落三种类型。在探讨传统村落可持续利用机制的基础上总结了传统村落可持续利用的6种模式。     

乡村旅游规划中乡村景观规划实践——以杭州富阳白鹤村为例

在中国目前乡村旅游规划中,比较注重乡村旅游产品和市场开发,对乡村景观关注不够.论文探讨了乡村旅游吸引力与乡村景观的关系,并指出经过科学规划的乡村旅游的发展又能促进乡村景观的改善.并以杭州富阳市白鹤村为例,总结了可从乡村景观意象规划、乡村景观整体格局规划、乡村建筑风格规划、乡村景观保护规划等方面入手改善乡村旅游景观环境,指出了乡村景观改造须注意的6个要点.     

城市园林游憩活动评价及 "期望差异-体验水平"管理模式 ——以无锡为例

游憩活动设计和管理对城市园林实践具有重要意义。评价是设计决策和管理实践的依据,基于"工具设计－测量评价－管理战略决策"这一评价流程,从游憩活动使用者角度出发,通过文献分析构建游憩活动评价指标体系,并以无锡园林作为研究对象,选择其中四个典型城市园林进行游客抽样调查,通过对调查所得数据的统计分析,综合评价无锡市园林游憩活动的现状,并提炼影响游客游憩体验的重要因素。还尝试性地提出了园林游憩活动的"期望差异—体验水平"管理模式,基于调查数据来计算9类游憩活动的期望差异等级表和体验水平等级表,以确定其在"期望差异—体验水平"横向评价矩阵("ED-EL"矩阵)中所处位置,在此基础上对无锡市四个园林的游憩活动发展提出建议。