辽宁产粗皮蛙的染色体组型研究(图版Ⅳ,下)

用骨髓细胞制片法分析了粗皮蛙的染色体组型 ,结果表明其二倍体染色体数为 2 6 ,可配成 13对 ,有5对大型染色体 (相对长度 >9)和 8对小型染色体 (相对长度 <6 5 ) ,其中 ,第 1、 5、 6、 7、 8对为中部着丝点染色体 ,第 12对为端部着丝点染色体 ,第 2、 3、 4、 9、 10、 11、 13对为亚中部着丝点染色体 ,第 4对为性染色体 ,属XY型 ,X染色体为亚中部着丝点 (相对长度为 10 70 ,臂比指数为 1 72 ) ,Y染色体为亚中部着丝点(相对长度为 12 83,臂比指数为 2 0 2 )。     

东方蝾螈(Cynops orientalis)、肥螈(Pachytriton brevipes)核型、C带和免疫过氧化物酶染色的分析研究

1.东方蝾螈(Cynops orientalis)、肥螈(Pachytriton brevipes)染色体数均为2n=24。按染色体相对长度、臂比、着丝点指数可将12对染色体分成三组。染色体1—4为第一组,均为中部着丝点染色体。染色体5—8为第二组,除染色体7为亚中部着丝点外,其余为中部着丝点染色体。染色体9—12为第三组,除染色体9为中部着丝点外,其余都为亚中部着丝点。东方蝾螈和肥螈染色体核型相似,但却各具独特的C-带带谱图式。 2.经间接免疫过氧化物酶染色后,在东方蝾螈和肥螈肠上皮细胞染色体的着丝点两侧和长、短臂的端粒部位都显示棕褐色的5-甲基胞嘧啶特异位置的深着色,染色体的长臂、短臂上则为浅棕色。 3.东方蝾螈和肥螈雌雄个体肠上皮细胞的染色体核型中均未见染色体的异型性配对。     

桓仁林蛙和桓仁产东北林蛙的染色体组型

用骨髓细胞制片法对桓仁林蛙（Rana huanrenesis）和桓仁产东北林蛙（R．dybowskii）的染色体组型进行了报道,两种林蛙的染色体数均为2n=24,都可配成12对,按照相对长度可分为3组,A组包括第1～5对,为大型染色体（相对长度〉9．0）;B组是第6对,为中型染色体（相对长度在7．0～9．0之间）;C组包括第7～12对,这一组为小型染色体（相对长度〈7．0）。在两种林蛙的染色体组型中未发现有异型性染色体。桓仁林蛙的第1、3、4、5对为中部着丝点染色体,第9对为端部着丝点染色体,其余各对为亚中部着丝点染色体。东北林蛙的第1、2、3、4、5、6、8对为中部着丝点染色体,第9对为端部着丝点染色体,其余各对为业中部着丝点染色体。两种林蛙的第11对染色体长臂有明显的次缢痕。     

救荒野豌豆的核型和带型简报

救荒野豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)是豆科野豌豆属植物,是一种优良的绿肥和饲料。根尖用0.005%秋水仙素预处理2小时,改良苯酚品红压片,供核型分析。分带用去壁低渗法制片,BSG技术处理。结果如下:染色体数2n=12。染色体的相对长度在10.64%—21.13%之间。臂比值在1.55—2.88之间。第1和3对为中部着丝点染色体,第2、4、5和6对为次中部着丝点染色体,第5对具随体。其核型公式为2n=12=4m+8sm(2SAT)。带型分析结果如下:第1对染色体具着丝点带和长、短臂上具末端带,第2对染色体除具着丝点带和长、短臂上末端带外,在长臂上还具中间带,第3对带型与第1对相同,第4、6对染色体长、短臂上都具末端带,第5对具着丝点带、末端带和次缢痕带。其带型公式为2n=12=4CT+2CTI_++4T+2CTN。与朱凤绥等人的报道结果有差异。     

上海真厉螨的染色体组型及其C带研究

本文首次报道了血革螨科上海真厉螨染色体组型及其C带的研究。上海真厉螨染色体数目表明,其具有单二倍体性决定系统(n=8,2n=16),雄性体细胞具有8条染色体,雌性体细胞具有16条染色体。染色体可分为3组,1—3组,4—6组,7—8组染色体。染色体组型的测量统计分析表明,染色体着丝点位置分别为中部(1、2和3号)、亚中部(4、5和6号)及端点(7和8号)。C-带主要位于着丝点区。第2染色体长臂和短臂及第3染色体的短臂具有插入型C-带,第7和第8染色体为端型C-带。本文还讨论了血革螨科上海真厉螨的组型、性决定、染色体多态现象及其C-带的带型特征等问题。     

玉米8个栽培亚种（类型）的核型和C—带带型的比较研究

本文首次报道了玉米8个亚种、2个亚型和2个杂交品种的核型和Giemsa C-带带型。所有材料的根尖细胞染色体数目均为2n=20。主要由中部和亚中部着丝点染色体组成。第6染色体短臂均具随体,但大小不同。所有材料均显示有亚端带和端带,在第6染色体的短臂上显示有NOR或/和随体带。C-带的分布、总数目和总长度各不相同。其总带数变异于6至18之间,C-带总长度为5.65—11.40％之间。在核型中,具中部着丝点的染色体数目及C-带总数,罕见栽培或原始的类型通常多于广泛栽培的类型。此外,有关核型和C-帝的变异和进化也进行了简略的讨论。     

白花败酱染色体的核型分析

用去壁低渗染色体制片方法,对白花败酱(Patrinia villosa Juss)茎尖细胞染色体制片,研究其染色体组型.结果表明:白花败酱为二倍体、体细胞染色体数目为22;染色体组型公式为2n=2x=22=10m 4sm 4st 4t,第2、3、4、5、8号染色体为中间着丝点染色体,第6、11号染色体为近中着丝点染色体,第1、10号染色体为近端着丝点染色体,第7、9号染色体为端部着丝点染色体;染色体基数x=11,该染色体组内最长与最短染色体长度比值为3.037,臂比大于2:1的染色体共4条,占总数的36.4%,则白花败酱的核型类型为2B型.     

黄鳝染色体G-带带型的研究

本文用胰酶-Giemsa技术显示黄鳝白血细胞的染色体G-带。分析了其G-带带型。在12对端部着丝点染色体中,每条染色体端部着丝点区均显有深带,在染色体臂上有3—8条深带不等。分析了3对标志染色体,发现第12对染色体为异型染色体,暂定为XY。并讨论了鱼类异型染色体的问题;分析了染色体G-带与细胞分裂时相的关系,结果表明,早中期或晚前期的染色体优于正中期的。     

中国沙棘属植物核型分析

本文报道了我国沙棘属植物4种5亚种的核型,对各种之间进行了比较,它们的染色体数目都是2n＝24,全由中部着丝点和近中部着丝点染色体组成,所有种类,只有Hippophae thibetana第8对染色体有随体,H．rhamnoidea ssp.sinensis和H．rhamnoides ssp. mongolica臂比大于2的染色体比例为0,为2A型,其余各种均为2B型。     

北京产中国林蛙的染色体组型

通过外周血淋巴细胞短期离体培养方法,对北京产中国林蛙(Rana chensinensis)的染色体组型分析表明,北京产中国林蛙的二倍体染色体数目为2n=24,可分为三组,包括12个大型染色体和12个小型染色体。雌雄个体间未发现与性别决定有关的染色体存在。染色体组型的测量统计分析表明,全部染色体可配成12对,其着丝点位置分别为中部(1,4,5,8和10号)、亚中部(2,3,7,11和12号)及亚端部(6和9号)。除在第7染色体的长臂上具有明显的次缢痕外,在第1—5染色体的短臂上靠近着丝点的部位,以及第6和第9染色体的长臂上靠近着丝点的部位具有微小的次缢痕。根据其染色体的特征,北京产中国林蛙的细胞是研究细胞工程学的良好实验材料。作者还通过北京产中国林蛙与欧洲Rana temporaria的染色体组型的比较分析,确证前者不是后者的一个亚种,建议将过去Pope和Boring(1940)所使用的中国林蛙的学名Rana temporaria chensinensis更改为Rana chensinensis David。     

皱纹盘鲍的染色体研究

本文报道皱纹盘鲍的染色体制备方法及核型分析结果。皱纹盘鲍的2n=36,可配为18对,中央着丝点(M)的11对,即1,3,6,7,9,11,12,13,14,16,17号染色体。亚中央着丝粒(Sm)的7对,即2,4,5 8,15,18号染色体,NF=72。染色体的长度呈连续递变。其中相对长度最长的1号染色体为7.09,最短的18号染色体4.11,单倍体总长687.05。     

The karyotype of the golden monkey (Rhinopithecus r. roxellanae)

In this paper, the karyotype and G-banding pattern of the chromosomes of cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes in R. r. roxellanae were investigated. The chromosome number of this species is 44 in both sexes. In R. r. roxellanae, as in other monkeys, sex is determined by specific sex chromosomes, i.e. the male is XY and the female is XX. The 21 pairs of autosomes consist of 7 pairs of metacentric chromoomes, 13 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes and one acrocentric pair. Chromosome measurements were made from highly enlarged photographic prints. They included the relative length, arm ratio and centromere index of each chromosome. Both chromosomal and chromatid aberrations were observed. They were 0·67 and 2%, respectively. Finally, G-banding pattern analysis of chromosomes of R. r. roxellanae were carried out. The results show that each homologous pair has its own special banding pattern, so that each of them is easily recognizable. Idiograms of chromosome complements with the Giemsa banding pattern are constructed.     

The late replication banding patterns of chromosomes are highly conserved in the genera Rana,Hyla, and Bufo (Amphibia: Anura)

Late replication banding and C-banding analyses were performed on the metaphase chromosomes of six species and one subspecies of Palearctic water frogs, genus Rana. Although C-banding patterns showed interspecific or intersubspecific variation, late replication banding patterns of all 13 chromosome pairs of these species were homologous. Minor differences of banding patterns were observed only in chromosomes 2, 7 and 13. Close comparison of the late replication banding patterns with those of three non-water frog species of Rana, and one each of Hyla and Bufo, provided important information on interspecific and intergeneric variability. In the Rana species, the banding patterns of all 13 pairs were homologous except for those some regions of 8 pairs. In one species each of Hyla and Bufo that was examined, the six large chromosome pairs (Nos. 1-6) showed banding homologies. Furthermore, among the Rana, Hyla and Bufo species the four large chromosome pairs (Nos. 1-3, 5 of Rana and Hyla, and Nos. 1, 3–5 of Bufo) shared banding homologies. These results show that the large chromosomes have been highly conserved in the evolutionary history of the three genera.     

三种姬鼠的染色体比较研究

本文采用染色体分带技术（Ｇ－,Ｃ－带和银染色）,对中华姬鼠（Ａｐｏｄｅｍｕｓｄｒａｃｏ）、大林姬鼠（Ａ．ｐｅｎｉｎｓｕｌａｅ）和大耳姬鼠（Ａ．ｌａｔｒｏｎｕｍ）的核型进行了观察分析。结果表明：３种姬鼠的２ｎ均为４８。中华姬鼠的染色体均为端着丝点染色体。大林姬鼠的常规核型中,除１对中着丝点染色体（Ｎｏ．２３）外,其余均为端着丝点染色体。大耳姬鼠的核型中,有１３对端着丝点染色体,２对亚端着丝点染色体,１对亚中着丝点染色体和７对中着丝点染色体。中华姬鼠Ｃ－带核型中,所有染色体着丝点Ｃ－带都呈强阳性,异染色质非常丰富,Ｙ染色体整条深染。在大林姬鼠Ｃ－带核型中,Ｎｏｓ．７,１１,１５,２１,２２着丝点Ｃ－带弱化甚至近阴性,其余染色体着丝点异染色质Ｃ－带都呈现程度不同的阳性。且Ｎｏｓ．２,４,７有强弱不同的端位异染色质带。Ｘ染色体着丝点区有大块的异染色质斑带出现,Ｙ染色体整条深染。大耳姬鼠除Ｎｏｓ．３,４,１０,１２,１３染色体着丝点Ｃ－带很弱外,其余染色体着丝点Ｃ－带均呈阳性,并有８对（Ｎｏｓ．１６－２３）染色体出现异染色质短臂。从总体上看,大林姬鼠和大耳姬鼠的着丝点异染色质明显比中华姬鼠的少。中华姬鼠的Ａｇ－ＮＯＲ     

Banding pattern analysis of polymorphic karyotypes in the black rat by a new differential staining technique

Polymorphic karyotypes of black rats (Rattus rattus) collected in Japan, Australia and India were analysed by a new differential staining technique by which banding patterns in the metaphase chromosomes are revealed. The technique consists in two steps: immersion of slides in a mixture of 2 x SSC and 0.1% (w/v) SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) for a few seconds at room temperature, and staining in Giemsa. By this treatment characteristic banding patterns were obtained in each chromosome pair. From the banding pattern analysis, subtelocentric pairs No. 1 and 9, which are polymorphic in respect to the acrocentrics and the subtelocentrics, were proven to have originated by pericentric inversion in the acrocentrics. The origin of two large metacentrics observed in Australian and Indian black rats was confirmed to have been developed by Robertsonian fusion of the acrocentrics No. 4 and 7 and No. 11 and 12 present in the Asian type black rat.Contribution No. 873 from the National Institute of Genetics, Japan. Supported by a grant-in-aid from the Ministry of Education of Japan (Nos. 92159 and 92332).     

茅舍血厉螨核型及染色体的C带、G带的研究

本文首次报道了一种革螨——茅舍血厉螨核型及染色体C带、G带的研究。用剖腹取卵法、玻璃纸压片、Giemsa染色,经分析茅舍血厉螨的核型,单倍体n=7,二倍体2n=14。 用氢氧化钡—吉姆萨技术显示茅舍血厉螨染色体C带。在第1、2、4、5染色体上出现恒定的C带部分,第3、6、7染色体上出现不恒定的C带部分。根据C带带型,茅舍血厉螨着丝点的位置可分为近中区域(sm),近端区域(St),末端区域(t)和末端点(T)四类。 G带分析用胰蛋白酶—吉姆萨技术显示。 本文对茅舍血厉螨的核型、革螨染色体研究中螨卵的收集方法和染液的改进、C带带型与着丝粒位置的确定和G带显带问题进行了讨论。     

Karyotype analysis of Nicotiana kawakamii Y. Ohashi using DAPI banding and rDNA FISH

Prometaphase cells were used to analyze the karyotype of Nicotiana kawakamii Y. Ohashi by means of sequential Giemsa/CMA/DAPI staining and multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization with 5S and 18S rDNA. Observation of the DAPI-stained prometaphase spreads indicated that N. kawakamii had six pairs of large chromosomes, one pair of medium-sized chromosomes and five pairs of small chromosomes. The six pairs of large chromosomes possessed remarkable DAPI bands, and each could be identified from both the DAPI banding pattern and the length of the short arm. The DAPI banding pattern was approximately identical to the CMA and Giemsa banding patterns. Hybridization signals of the 18S rDNA probe were detected on two pairs of large chromosomes. In addition, two pairs of small chromosomes were identified based on the position of the 5S rDNA signals. An idiogram of N. kawakamii chromosomes was produced based on DAPI bands and rDNA loci. Received: 17 July 2000 / Accepted: 4 September 2000     

水貂的染色体研究

采用复制带、C带和硝酸银染色等分带技术研究了水貂的核型和带型。结果表明,2n=30,枝型为10（M）＋16（SM）＋2（A）,XX（M）。C-带显示该水貂的一些染色体的结构异染色质比较丰富,从着丝粒区域延伸到两臂上,No.5染色体着丝粒结构异染色质有些弱化;X染色体的结构异染色质较常染色体的丰富。Ag-NORs有3个,分布在No.8染色体的次缢痕区域和一条No.2染色体长臂接近着丝粒的区域。