外伤性膝关节前外侧韧带损伤的MR影像特征及相关性分析

目的探讨外伤所致膝关节前外侧韧带损伤病人的MR影像特征,并分析其与前交叉韧带撕裂、外侧半月板撕裂及骨挫伤的相关性,为深入研究前外侧韧带对膝关节稳定性的作用提供可靠依据。方法回顾性分析2016年1月—2017年2月间因外伤进行膝关节MRI检查的320例病人(共321膝)的影像资料。采用美国GE公司生产的Signa HDe 1.5 T MR扫描设备,分别行膝关节斜矢状面T1WI、质子密度加权成像(PDWI)和冠状面、横断面PDWI扫描。根据前外侧韧带的完整性和损伤部位对所有病人进行分类统计。采用独立性卡方检验对前外侧韧带撕裂与前交叉韧带撕裂、外侧半月板撕裂及骨挫伤的相关性进行分析。结果全部病人膝关节MR影像均可显示前外侧韧带,显示率为100%。151/321膝(47.0%;95%CI为41.6%~52.5%)存在前外侧韧带损伤,其中累及胫骨部、股骨部及半月板部的分别为97膝、96膝及65膝。前交叉韧带撕裂158膝,外侧半月板撕裂98膝,股骨外侧髁挫伤58膝,外侧胫骨平台挫伤71膝,分别与前外侧韧带撕裂具有相关性(均P0.001)。结论 MRI检查可以很好地显示前外侧韧带解剖及其损伤情况。膝关节前外侧韧带损伤与前交叉韧带撕裂、外侧半月板撕裂及膝外侧骨挫伤具有相关性。     

低场MRI对膝关节外伤的诊断价值

目的 探讨膝关节外伤后X线、CT检查阴性,低场MRI进一步检查的诊断价值.方法 对36例膝关节外伤,X线、CT检查阴性的低场MRI资料进行分析.结果 单纯性滑膜囊或关节囊积液4 例;半月板撕裂伤14例;后交叉韧带撕裂伤3 例;内侧副韧带撕裂伤5 例;外侧副韧带撕裂伤3 例;骨挫伤5例;正常2例.其中膝关节损伤合并关节积液18例,骨挫伤合并韧带损伤2例,合并半月板损伤3例.结论 低场MRI对显示膝关节外伤优于X线平片及CT检查,可为临床治疗方式提供可靠依据.     

急性前交叉韧带断裂合并膝关节骨挫伤的临床研究

目的 :总结前交叉韧带急性断裂时骨挫伤的不同类型和分布 ,探讨骨挫伤与关节软骨损伤的关系。方法 :回顾性研究 37例前交叉韧带急性断裂合并膝关节骨挫伤患者的影像学和临床资料 ,分析前交叉韧带急性断裂时骨挫伤的MRI不同表现类型、分布以及关节镜下软骨损伤的情况。结果 :MRI显示本组病例骨挫伤共 5 7处 ,其中Ⅰ型 1 4处 (2 4 .6 %) ,Ⅱ型 32处 (5 6 .1 %) ,Ⅲ型 3处(5 .3%) ,Ⅳ型 6处 (1 0 .5 %) ,Ⅴ型 2处 (3.5 %)。共 5 4处 (94 .7%)骨挫伤位于外侧间室 ,其中股骨外髁骨挫伤 31处 ,胫骨外侧平台骨挫伤 2 3处。经关节镜下手术发现 9处 (1 5 .8%)骨挫伤部位有软骨损伤表现。结论 :急性前交叉韧带断裂时 ,骨挫伤通常发生在外侧间室 ,尤其集中在外侧股骨髁前部以及外侧胫骨平台后部。关节镜下软骨损伤与骨挫伤并非一一对应的关系。     

膝关节损伤的MRI诊断价值

目的：探讨MRI在膝关节损伤中的诊断价值。方法对20例经X线平片检查诊断为阴性而行MRI检查的病例进行了回顾性分析。结果：半月板损伤者12例。其中内侧半月板损伤者7例，外侧半月板损伤者5例；交叉韧带损伤者8例，其中前交叉韧带损伤者6例。后交叉韧带损伤者2例；侧副韧带损伤者6例，其中胫侧副韧带损伤者4例。腓侧副韧带损伤者2例。骨挫伤及软骨损伤者5例。合并滑膜水肿、出血、增厚、关节囊积液及周围肌肉软组织肿胀、出血者8例。结论MRI是诊断膝关节损伤最理想的检查方法。     

探讨半月板边缘部垂直撕裂与前交叉韧带损伤的关系

目的 探讨半月板边缘部垂直撕裂对诊断前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤的价值.方法 回顾性分析经关节镜证实的149例半月板撕裂的膝关节MRI结果,判断半月板撕裂的形态、位置以及前交叉韧带的情况.结果 149例半月板撕裂膝关节中,34个膝关节共36个半月板撕裂(其中2个膝关节内、外侧半月板同时撕裂),MRI显示为半月板边缘部垂直撕裂类型,其中29个膝关节同时伴有前交叉韧带损伤.其余115个膝关节,MRI显示为其他半月板撕裂类型,其中49例膝关节同时伴有前交叉韧带损伤.膝关节半月板边缘部垂直撕裂类型与其他的半月板撕裂类型比较,其合并前交叉韧带损伤的发生率分别为85.3%及42.6%,两者间具有显著性差异(χ2=19.2,P＜0.01).半月板边缘部垂直撕裂提示膝关节前交叉韧带损伤的敏感性、特异性和阳性似然比分别为37.2%、93.0%和5.3.结论半月板边缘部垂直撕裂大部分合并有ACL损伤.     

急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位后内侧髌股韧带和股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤的MRI分析

目的探讨急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位后内侧髌股韧带(MPFL)和股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤的MRI特点。方法回顾性分析51例经临床证实的急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位患者的MRI资料。51例病例均行常规MRI矢状面、冠状面和横断面T1WI、T2WI、脂肪抑制FSE双回波序列扫描,并与手术结果相对照。结果急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位后,MPFL损伤发生率为100%,其中完全性MPFL撕裂31例,部分性MPFL撕裂20例,股骨侧撕裂30例,髌骨侧撕裂19例,体部撕裂2例,MRI诊断MPFL部分性撕裂的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为85%、93.5%和90.2%,MRI诊断完全MPFL撕裂的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为93.5%、85%和90.2%。股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤17例,发生率为33.3%,其中13例位于股骨外侧髁承重面关节软骨,1例位于股骨滑车,3例股骨滑车和股骨外侧髁承重面关节软骨均受累;17例股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤病例中,16例(94.1%)关节软骨损伤位于股骨外侧髁骨挫伤的偏后部分,1例(5.9%)位于骨挫伤的中间部分;MPFL髌骨侧损伤病例中,57.9%(11/19)伴发股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤,MPFL股骨侧损伤病例中,20%(6/30)伴发股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤,二组数据比较,差异具有显著统计学意义(χ2=5.80,P=0.016)。MPFL完全撕裂、部分撕裂病例中,股骨外侧髁骨软骨骨折发生率分别为19.4%(6/31)、0%(0/20),二者比较,差异具有显著统计学意义(χ2=4.39,P=0.036)。结论急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位后,MPFL股骨侧最易损伤,其次为髌骨侧,MRI诊断MPFL损伤准确性高;急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位后股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤比较常见,MPFL髌骨侧损伤病例易于伴发股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤,而MPFL完全撕裂较部分撕裂更易伴发股骨外侧髁骨软骨骨折;股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤多位于股骨外侧髁承重关节面处,绝大多数位于股骨外侧髁骨挫伤的偏后部分。     

半月板桶柄样撕裂的MRI表现

目的 探讨半月板桶柄样撕裂的MRI征象. 资料与方法 对经关节镜证实的半月板桶柄样撕裂56例(58侧)患者的MRI表现进行研究. 结果 领结残破征21膝,空领结征28膝,双前交叉韧带征6膝,双后交叉韧带征19膝,双半月板前角征11膝,前角异常肥大征5膝,双半月板后角征16膝,后角异常肥大7膝,后角残破征19膝,厚饼征6膝,半月板分离移位征53膝.合并膝关节囊积液58膝、股骨(或胫骨)挫伤36膝、内侧副韧带损伤6膝、前交叉韧带损伤5膝、后交叉韧带损伤9膝、关节软骨损伤13膝、骨梗死2膝. 结论 空(残)领结征、后角残破征、双后交叉韧带征及半月板分离移位征提示半月板桶柄样撕裂.     

膝关节损伤的MRI诊断

目的 探讨膝关节损伤的 MRI表现及临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析40例经手术或关节镜证实的膝关节损伤患者术前MRI表现.结果 半月板损伤28例,内侧11例,外侧17例,其中撕裂11例;韧带损伤28例,撕裂9例,损伤以前交叉韧带(15例)和内侧副韧带(12例)为主;骨挫伤20例;隐匿性骨折5例.同时发生半月板、韧带和骨损伤3类中两者及以上的复合性损伤32例(80%).关节积液及周围软组织损伤为伴随表现.结论 MRI能准确地显示膝关节损伤的各种表现,是膝关节损伤后非创伤性检查的首选,对临床有重要指导意义.     

急性非接触性前交叉韧带撕裂后关节伴随损伤的性别差异

 目的 对比分析急性非接触性前交叉韧带(ACL)撕裂后关节伴随损伤男女性别组间的不同点。方法 回顾性分析193例经临床证实为急性非接触性ACL撕裂患者的MRI资料,其中男性112例,女性81例,对男女性别组的膝关节伴随损伤情况分类统计并进行统计学分析。结果 在112例男性病例中,发现骨挫伤107例(95.5%),其中联合间室骨挫伤32例,外侧间室骨挫伤70例,内侧间室骨挫伤5例;81例女性病例中,发现骨挫伤72例(88.9%),其中联合间室骨挫伤16例,外侧间室骨挫伤49例,内侧间室骨挫伤7例;两组比较,联合间室骨挫伤发生率差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.315,P=0.038)。男女组伴发内外侧半月板(MM、LM)损伤发生率分别为(33.9%、46.4%)和(25.9%、32.1%),两组比较,LM损伤发生率差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.008,P=0.045)。男女组伴发内、外侧副韧带损伤发生率分别为(20.5%、7.1%)和(18.5%、3.7%),两组比较,差异均无统计学意义。男女组伴发关节软骨损伤发生率为17.9%和7.4%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.403,P=0.036)。结论 男性患者较女性患者在急性非接触性ACL撕裂后更易伴发联合间室骨挫伤、LM损伤和关节软骨损伤。     

膝关节半月板撕裂的MRI诊断

目的 探讨膝关节半月板撕裂的MRI诊断价值.方法 收集并分析经关节镜证实的60例膝关节半月板撕裂的MRI表现,并参考Stoller分级方法,提出半月板损伤的4级分法.结果 60例65个半月板撕裂中,内侧撕裂15个,外侧撕裂40个,两侧同时撕裂5例10个.合并外侧盘状半月板15个.MRI诊断准确率为90.8%.39例出现合并症,伴随病变有韧带撕裂,骨挫伤,关节积液,骨折,半月板囊肿等.结论 MRI能够准确诊断半月板撕裂,还能发现多种合并症.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.