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目的:探究谷物多酚(阿魏酸和咖啡酸)和膳食纤维(阿拉伯木聚糖和β-葡聚糖)复合物缓解高脂饮食诱导的小鼠肥胖的效果。方法:将48只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照组(CON)、谷物多酚和膳食纤维复合物组(PPDF)、高脂饲料组(HFD)和高脂饲料加复合物组(HFD+PPDF),自由摄食18周后,基于血液生化和组织病理学指标评价PPDF对肥胖小鼠的影响,并通过高通量测序技术分析结肠菌群组成变化。结果:与HFD组相比,HFD+PPDF组小鼠体质量增加、肝脏指数、血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和丙二醛(MDA)水平分别降低13.71%,12.62%,35.49%和22.97%(P<0.05);超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性分别提高43.12%和36.66%(P<0.05),糖耐量异常改善。PPDF增加了高脂饮食小鼠肠道菌群的多样性,其中Ace指数和Chao1指数分别升高30.07%和30.93%(P<0.05);双歧杆菌、罗氏菌属和Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group菌属丰度分别升高76.56%,1 727.46%和315.43%(P<0.05);而乳杆菌属、罗姆布茨菌属、丹毒荚膜菌属、Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1和布劳特氏菌属丰度分别降低68.52%,90.17%,61.39%,75.19%和95.62%(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,双歧杆菌属和阿克曼氏菌属与体质量增加、肝脏指数和糖耐量异常呈显著负相关关系,与抗氧化活性呈显著正相关关系;而乳杆菌属、罗姆布茨菌属、丹毒荚膜菌属、Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1和布劳特氏菌属与之相反。结论:PPDF可通过增加肠道菌群多样性和有益菌丰度,改善小鼠糖代谢紊乱并预防肥胖。 相似文献
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人体肠道是一个复杂但稳定的微生态系统,其中肠道菌群对肠道及人体健康起着重要作用。健康的肠道中各菌间保持着微妙的平衡,但诸如膳食、年龄、药物、环境或生活习惯等多种因素均会打破肠道菌群平衡,而肠道菌群失衡是人体多种疾病发生发展的重要诱因。多酚是一类重要的植物次生代谢产物,具有多种生物学活性,如抗氧化、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗癌、抗菌、抗炎、预防心脑血管疾病等。大量研究报道证实,通过膳食补充多酚类物质对人类健康具有多种益处,特别是摄入膳食多酚对肠道健康和肠道菌群平衡有着显著的积极影响。本文归纳了近年来膳食多酚对肠道菌群影响相关研究进展,为科学、充分地利用多酚预防和治疗肠道疾病、保护肠道健康提供理论依据与参考。 相似文献
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谷物膳食纤维——戊聚糖与肠道菌群调节研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
流行病学研究表明,谷物膳食纤维对慢性代谢性疾病,如肥胖、Ⅱ型糖尿病、心脑血管疾病以及结肠癌等具有预防作用。戊聚糖又称为阿拉伯木聚糖,是谷物膳食纤维的主要组成部分。戊聚糖在结肠部位被特定的具有戊聚糖水解酶的细菌所降解,能够增殖肠道中的双歧杆菌和乳杆菌等有益菌。不同程度的聚合度、取代度、交联度以及侧链的分布均会影响戊聚糖的益生特性。戊聚糖所具有的生理功效不仅取决于多糖分子,还源于与其相连的阿魏酸在肠道中缓慢而持续的释放和吸收,并发挥其抗氧化功能。 相似文献
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糖脂代谢紊乱与肥胖、非酒精性脂肪肝、高血脂、糖尿病等慢性代谢疾病的发生发展密切相关。谷物膳食纤维作为一种益生元可降低机体血糖和血脂水平,调控糖脂代谢平衡。目前,关于谷物膳食纤维对糖脂代谢的调节研究主要集中在其理化性质及代谢产物短链脂肪酸等方面。研究发现膳食纤维的摄入可通过调节胆汁酸的代谢平衡调控糖脂代谢稳态,这一过程与肠道菌群密切相关。综述了谷物膳食纤维通过肠道菌群-胆汁酸途径的糖脂代谢调节作用和调控机制研究进展,并举例了不同谷物（糙米、小麦、燕麦和其他谷物等）膳食纤维如何调控糖脂代谢,旨在更好地了解谷物膳食纤维、肠道微生物-胆汁酸和糖脂代谢之间的关系,为深入了解谷物膳食纤维如何改善糖脂代谢、维护人体健康提供新的参考见解。 相似文献
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为表征酱油渣来源的发酵大豆膳食纤维对母猪肠道菌群及其产物短链脂肪酸的调节作用。以含5%该发酵大豆膳食纤维（该研究所述发酵大豆膳食纤维为一种酱油渣来源的低盐、低油、无异味的食品级膳食纤维）的饲料喂食的母猪作为实验组（DF）,空白对照组（CK）喂食普通饲料（相同的饲料没有发酵大豆膳食纤维）。分别收集两组的母猪粪便样品,通过16S rDNA测序技术研究母猪肠道菌群结构的变化,并通过GC-MS测定粪便中短链脂肪酸含量,采用Spearman相关性分析进行属水平上肠道菌群与短链脂肪酸之间的相关性研究。Welch’s t-test差异分析结果表明,喂食发酵大豆膳食纤维后母猪肠道菌群中史雷克氏菌属（Slackia）的丰度较空白对照组显著增大（p<0.05）;LEfSe结果发现Clostridium IV和δ-变形菌纲（Deltaproteobacteri）为实验组中丰度较高的两个差异物种。喂食发酵大豆膳食纤维后,粪便中各短链脂肪酸含量均有不同程度的提高,尤其是丁酸含量显著增多（p<0.05）。结果表明,饲料中添加发酵大豆膳食纤维在一定程度上使母猪的肠道菌群结构发生改变,促进了肠道中产短链脂肪酸的菌群的富集,从而提高了肠道中的短链脂肪酸尤其是丁酸的含量。 相似文献
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膳食纤维作为一种新型营养素,可以通过调节肠道菌群结构在机体免疫、代谢等方面发挥重要作用。食药同源植物膳食纤维（Edible and medicinal dietary fiber,EMDF）同时兼具了中草药强身健体和膳食纤维促进肠道健康的双重作用,这使其具有不同于普通膳食纤维的性质特点。本文对EMDF研究进展进行总结,针对其化学组成、分布特点及肠道作用进行分析,重点就EMDF对肠道菌群结构的影响及其肠道作用机制进行综述,本研究为EMDF在功能性食品中的开发和利用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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以酶提取法提取晋谷21号中可溶性膳食纤维和多酚,并测定游离酚的含量、DPPH自由基清除能力以及还原能力;同时研究了可溶性膳食纤维的生理活性以及对戊糖乳杆菌的体外生长的影响.结果显示:可溶性膳食纤维的持水力为(6.46±0.11)g/g、持油力为(4.05±0.06)g/g、膨胀力为(1.01±0.04)mL/g.谷子游... 相似文献
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该研究旨在探究膳食纤维复合体（Dietary Fiber Complex,DFC）对代表性人体肠道菌群及其代谢物的调节。采集10位65~75岁老年人的粪便,分性别开展DFC干预的体外发酵实验。结果发现,2%添加量的DFC组干预效果最好,其中女性组大肠杆菌属、拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、乳酸杆菌属的相对表达量为对照组的52.76%、43.40%、249.79%和232.99%,男性组大肠杆菌属、拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌属和乳酸杆菌属的相对表达量为对照组的44.02%、53.14%、228.71%和206.11%。显著差异的肠道菌群代谢物中,女性组的异丁酸、丙酸、甲酸相对丰度显著增加（P<0.01）,蛋氨酸、组氨酸、β-葡萄糖、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、丙三醇、天冬氨酸、精氨酸、1-甲基组氨酸的相对丰度显著减少（P<0.01）,男性组的异丁酸、丙酸、丁酸盐、甲酸相对丰度显著增加（P<0.01）,组氨酸、β-葡萄糖、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸和天冬氨酸相对丰度显著减少（P<0.01）,二者潜在的代谢途径都为组氨酸代谢与苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成。研究结果表明DFC对人体肠道菌群及代谢物的调节作用明显,且在不同性别上潜在的代谢途径变化一致。 相似文献
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Jiefen Cui Yunhe Lian Chengying Zhao Hengjun Du Yanhui Han Wei Gao Hang Xiao Jinkai Zheng 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2019,18(5):1514-1532
Dietary fibers (DFs) regulate host health through various mechanisms related to their dietary sources, specific physicochemical structures, fermentability, and physiological properties in the gut. Considering the numerous types and sources of DFs and their different physicochemical and physiological properties, it is challenging yet important to establish the key mechanisms for the beneficial health effects of DFs. In this review, the types and structures of DFs from different fruits and vegetables were summarized and the effects of different processing methods on DF properties were discussed. Moreover, the impacts of DFs on gut microbial ecology, host physiology, and health were described. Understanding the complex interaction between different DFs and gut microbiota is vital for personalized nutrition. It is also important to comprehend factors influencing gut microbiota and strategies to regulate the microbiota, thereby augmenting beneficial health responses. The exploration of molecular mechanism linking DFs, gut microbiota, and host physiology may allow for the identification of effective targets to fight against major chronic diseases. 相似文献
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Antioxidants are abundant compounds primarily found in fresh fruits and vegetables, and evidence for their role in the prevention of degenerative diseases is continuously emerging. However, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of each compound differs greatly, and the most abundant antioxidants in ingested fruit are not necessarily those leading to the highest concentrations of active metabolites in target tissues. Fruit antioxidants are commonly mixed with different macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins to form a food matrix. In fruits and vegetables, carbohydrates are the major compounds found, mainly in free and conjugated forms. Dietary fiber, the indigestible cell wall component of plant material, is considered to play an important role in human diet and health. Most studies on antioxidant bioavailability are focused on foods and beverages from which antioxidants are easily released. There is evidence indicating that food microstructure affects the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of several nutrients, referring mostly to antioxidants. Nevertheless, the specific role of dietary fiber in the absorption of antioxidants has not been widely discussed. In this context, the purpose of the present review is to compile and analyze evidence relating to the association between dietary fiber and antioxidants, and the physical and chemical interactions that modulate their release from the chyme in the gastrointestinal tract. 相似文献
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食物多酚对肠道糖吸收与代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
多酚类物质,包括白藜芦醇、绿原酸、儿茶素等广泛存在于多种食物中,其普遍具有抗氧化、清除体内自由基等生物活性,对心血管疾病、肿瘤、癌症、糖尿病等疾病有一定的预防作用。越来越多的证据表明,食物多酚能在多个层面上影响糖代谢,如调节餐后血糖、刺激肠道激素分泌、提高胰岛素敏感性等。本文结合国内外研究结果,从肠道消化酶、肠道葡萄糖转运、微生物菌群生态及肠道激素分泌四个方面,讨论了食物多酚对肠道糖吸收与代谢的影响,以期为后期研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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膳食纤维是一种不可被消化和吸收的碳水化合物聚合物,能够通过调节肠道微生物群的生长,促进肠道微生物区系的动态平衡,进而影响肠道微生物代谢产物如脂多糖、三甲胺N-氧化物、短链脂肪酸和胆汁酸的产生,达到调节宿主生理健康的目的.动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性炎症性疾病,其发生发展与脂质代谢紊乱和炎症反应关系密切.而肠道微生物及其代谢产... 相似文献
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Congcong Yu Cang Guo Xueying Geng Yuyang Yao Junxia Guo Yanzhen Zhang Jing Zhang Shengquan Mi 《Food Science & Nutrition》2023,11(2):794-805
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fruit and vegetable intake on gut microbiota using a mouse model of metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by a high-fat diet. Forty-eight male mice were randomly divided into four groups, control group (C), high-fat diet-fed model group (H), high fat plus low intake of fruits and vegetables diet-fed group (H.LFV), high fat plus high intake of fruits and vegetables diet-fed group (H.HFV), and each group were fed for 60 days. During the experiment, mouse body weights were recorded and fecal samples were collected. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method was used to extract fecal bacterial DNA, and the purity and concentration of the DNA were detected by electrophoresis. DNA samples underwent PCR amplification (primers in 16 S V4 (515F and 806R)). Raw sequencing data were processed, and sample complexity and multiple-sample comparisons were investigated. Mouse organ coefficient, serum lipid levels, fecal TC (total cholesterol) and TBA (total bile acid) levels, and hepatic glutathione and malondialdehyde levels were determined. Compared to the H group, the fecal TC and TBA levels decreased significantly in the H.HFV group (p < .05), and hepatic glutathione and malondialdehyde levels decreased significantly in both H.LFV and H.HFV groups (p < .05). Decreased abundance of Firmicutes, Burkholderiales, Syntrophomonas, and Pseudomonadales in gut microbiota was observed in H.LFV and H.HFV groups compared to the H group. The Anosim results showed significant differences in pairwise comparison between groups. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) results showed that k_bacteria not only exhibited statistically differences between H and C groups but also among H.LFV, H.LFV, and H groups, and hence, could be used as a biomarker between groups. To sum up, fruit and vegetable powder could increase the fecal excretion of TC and TBA, and the antioxidant capacity in C57BL/6N mice. Meanwhile, the mechanism that fruit and vegetable powder could prevent MS in C57BL/6N mice was related to the decreased abundance of gut microbiota, including Firmicutes, Syntrophomonadales, and Pseudomonadales. Hence, fruit and vegetable powder could be used as a recommended food to regulate gut microbiota and prevent the occurrence of MS-related diseases. 相似文献
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Yit Tao Loo Kate Howell Miin Chan Pangzhen Zhang Ken Ng 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2020,19(4):1268-1298
The gut microbiota plays a prominent role in human health. Alterations in the gut microbiota are linked to the development of chronic diseases such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic syndrome, and certain cancers. We know that diet plays an important role to initiate, shape, and modulate the gut microbiota. Long‐term dietary patterns are shown to be closely related with the gut microbiota enterotypes, specifically long‐term consumption of carbohydrates (related to Prevotella abundance) or a diet rich in protein and animal fats (correlated to Bacteroides). Short‐term consumption of solely animal‐ or plant‐based diets have rapid and reproducible modulatory effects on the human gut microbiota. These alterations in microbiota profile by dietary alterations can be due to impact of different dietary macronutrients, carbohydrates, protein, and fat, which have diverse modulatory effects on gut microbial composition. Food‐derived phenolics, which encompass structural variants of flavonoids, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, coumarins, stilbenes, ellagitannins, and lignans can modify the gut microbiota. Gut microbes have been shown to act on dietary fibers and phenolics to produce functional metabolites that contribute to gut health. Here, we discuss recent studies on the impacts of phenolics and phenolic fiber‐rich foods on the human gut microbiota and provide an insight into potential synergistic roles between their bacterial metabolic products in the regulation of the intestinal microbiota. 相似文献
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