蒸制温度对老年蔬菜类易食食品质构特性的影响

目的:研究蒸制温度对增稠后的老年蔬菜类易食食品质构特性的影响,确定增稠老年蔬菜类易食食品的最佳蒸制温度。方法:利用质构仪和冷冻离心机分别对增稠后的老年蔬菜类易食食品进行质构测试和持水力测试,分析比较不同蒸制温度条件下增稠食品的质构、硬度均一性和持水力。结果:90℃蒸制温度时样品硬度、硬度均一性和持水力均相对较低;100℃蒸制温度时样品硬度、硬度均一性和持水力均较好;110℃蒸制温度与100℃蒸制温度相比,样品硬度、硬度均一性和持水力差异不大;120℃蒸制温度时样品的硬度开始降低。结论:增稠蔬菜类易食食品最佳的蒸制温度温度为100℃。     

透明质酸多糖增稠适用于吞咽困难的肠内营养制剂及其流变学性质

胶体增稠的食物流体黏度是吞咽困难饮食护理中的关键参数。这类流体需有较高的黏度和较强的非牛顿流体行为。本研究采用流变学方法表征了透明质酸多糖对含豌豆蛋白和大豆油的营养制剂的增稠效果,研究了增稠营养制剂的流动性质、黏弹性和黏度的剪切时间依赖性。结果表明：未经增稠的营养制剂是表观黏度很低（仅约为0.010 Pa·s）的牛顿流体,不能满足安全吞咽的要求;而透明质酸具有良好的增稠效果,当透明质酸质量分数为0.5%时,营养制剂的初始黏度可达8 Pa·s,增稠后营养制剂具有方便可调节的表观黏度、剪切变稀性质以及良好的黏弹性,流变学性质能满足安全吞咽的要求。     

吞咽障碍者增稠流体食品流变学研究进展

吞咽障碍已经成为当今社会面临的一项严重的健康问题。增稠流体能够有效降低吞咽障碍病人吸入性肺炎 的风险,在吞咽障碍病人的治疗和护理过程中应用广泛。增稠流体的生产和使用与其流变特性密切相关,因而流变 学成为了吞咽障碍食品领域一个十分重要的研究方向。本文根据近期国际上在该方向的最新研究成果,详细介绍了 利用流变特性评判增稠流体黏稠程度的原则以及测量方法,深入分析了各种因素对于增稠流体流变特性的影响,并 对影像学造影剂、增稠流体食品流变特性的差异和匹配、口腔对于流变特性变化的分辨能力等问题进行了探讨。目 的是为我国增稠流体食品研究提供理论指导和技术参考。     

测定条件差异与火腿肠质构特性值的相关性研究

研究不同产品温度，不同测定速度的情况下，测定两种产品的质构特性值，并对不同条件下两种产品的压缩、剪切特性值进行相关比较和分析，了解不同类型火腿肠的质构特性值，为进一步研究产品质构对消费者适应性和开发差异化新产品具有指导意义。     

西班牙、哥伦比亚和加拿大联合研究牛肉糜中添加葡聚糖的优化方案

正葡聚糖是一类水溶性纤维素,广泛应用于健康产品、食物和药物产品的加工,应用目的包括增稠、乳化稳定或脂肪替代。将葡聚糖添加到肉制品中可以提高肉制品的烹制产率、增加肉制品的水分含量和脂肪保留率,同时能够降低氯化钠的使用量。西班牙、哥伦比亚和加拿大的科学家采用复合建模系统对葡聚糖、角叉菜胶和淀粉在牛肉糜中的应用效果进行研究。考察的主要参数为蒸煮损失、颜色和质构特性。在获得的所有模型     

大豆多糖在酱料品质体系中的应用研究

大豆多糖除了具有膳食纤维所具有的功能特性外,还具有乳化及乳化稳定性能.在含有脂肪和盐分的酱(膏)状产品体系中,大豆多糖表现出特有的光泽性、粘性和透明性,能够使酱料体系的稳定性不受油脂和盐离子浓度的影响,在工业上具有十分重要的意义.大豆多糖可以用来替代或部分取代传统的增稠乳化稳定剂用于酱料的产品生产中,可作为改良酱料体系的质构特性和功能特性的材料而被广泛利用.     

甘薯泥作为吞咽障碍食品的研究进展

质构改良食品作为吞咽障碍患者的安全食品,具有质地柔软、吞咽安全及满足患者营养需求的特点,不同国家对吞咽障碍食品的分级各不相同,大多都聚焦于食品本身的质构特性。近些年,吞咽障碍患者的饮食安全备受关注,开发吞咽障碍食品的研究逐渐增加。甘薯泥是新鲜甘薯经过一系列加工制成的泥状食品,保留了甘薯中绝大多数营养物质,具有柔软、营养成分高的特点,是适合吞咽障碍患者食用的质构改良食品的优质原料。但甘薯泥的质构特性受到多方面因素的影响,例如加工原料、加工工艺以及贮藏条件等,限制甘薯泥作为吞咽障碍食品在食品领域的应用。该文将对质构改良食品的分类、甘薯泥加工工艺及影响甘薯泥质构特性的研究进行综述,旨在为适合吞咽障碍患者食用的甘薯泥产品的研发及应用提供理论依据。     

圆苞车前子壳粉与瓜尔豆胶复配在增稠组件中的应用

该研究将瓜尔豆胶与圆苞车前子壳粉（psyllium husk powder,PHP）进行复配,通过单因素试验和正交试验,考察旋转黏度,建立达到中稠和高稠的最佳复配比例为圆苞车前子壳粉∶瓜尔豆胶=7∶8（质量比）;进一步考察在不同常规食物温度、放置时间、p H值、盐浓度介质环境下复配胶的黏度特性,结果表明：在30℃～60℃、0～5 h、pH3～6及0.2%～1.0%的食盐浓度范围,复配胶表现出较好的稳定性。圆苞车前子壳粉与瓜尔豆胶复配,不但具有较好的协同增效作用,可使复配胶在不同常规食物温度、放置时间、pH值及食盐浓度下保持较好的黏度特性,还可增强复配胶的功能营养特性,可作为吞咽障碍病人饮食的功能性增稠组件。     

基于质构特性差异化的无骨鸡爪关键加工工艺研究

为探究无骨鸡爪关键加工工艺对质构特性的影响,对不同煮制温度和煮制时间的鸡爪质构进行评价,利用质构剖面法测定无骨鸡爪的质构特性且进行主成分分析以及与感官的相关性分析,构建无骨鸡爪煮制后的质构动力学模型。结果表明,无骨鸡爪的弹性随着煮制时间的延长呈现明显下降趋势,不同煮制温度下改变煮制时间也可以得到相同的弹性,在80℃煮制60 min的无骨鸡爪质构在感官上最适宜偏好脆弹口感的消费者群体。研究表明,随着煮制强度的增加,无骨鸡爪中可溶性胶原蛋白含量升高,同时溶解度增加,从19.06%升至33.67%。鸡爪煮制后的弹性质构动力学模型为y=3.02417–0.0126T–0.00904t。此研究可以为适宜不同消费者人群的无骨鸡爪的开发生产提供数据支撑。     

淀粉衍生物在乳制品中的应用

<正> 随着消费者需求的日益增高及乳品厂设备的更新换代,乳制品市场新品层出,食品原辅料在乳制品中的应用不但可以提高乳制品本身的稳定性,增加饱满的口感,对乳制品的营养也可提供有益的补充。本文通过介绍罗盖特公司的几种淀粉衍生物在乳制品中的应用,希望能给各位食品界的同行提供一些信息。一、罗盖特淀粉衍生物产品在乳制品中的应用方向 1.增稠稳定、改善质构和口感的变性淀粉罗盖特Clearam~(?)系列的变性淀粉可用于凝固型、搅拌型酸奶,主要作用是提高产品的粘度、稠厚度,提供较为厚实饱满的     

Sensory properties of thickened and protein-enriched plant-based frozen desserts

The number of consumers following plant-based diets has increased and in turn, the variety of plant-based foods available on the market has also increased. Many plant-based foods aim to mimic the functionality and sensory properties of conventional dairy products; however, they may not be suitable for specific populations. Dysphagia, for example, is a swallowing condition requiring texture-modified foods that meet specific criteria. While many conventional thickened products exist that are safe for individuals with dysphagia, the growing interest in plant-based eating alongside the increasing prevalence of dysphagia prompts a need for research on the use and safety of thickened plant-based alternatives. This study investigated the sensory properties of a thickened protein-enhanced ice cream (dairy and whey) compared to thickened protein-enhanced plant-based frozen desserts (cashew and pea, and coconut and pea). The formulations were evaluated using the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization (IDDSI) Spoon Tilt Test and a sensory trial (n = 104 participants, 47 flexitarians and 57 typical consumers) using static (hedonic scales and check-all-that-apply [CATA]), and dynamic (temporal check-all-that-apply (TCATA)) methods. The dairy and whey sample consistently passed the IDDSI test, while the plant-based samples did not. TCATA identified that the plant-based samples had an increased cohesiveness and adhesiveness, and decreased slipperiness when compared to the dairy and whey sample. The differences in textural properties may explain why the plant-based samples did not pass the IDDSI test. The study identified that although plant-based foods strive to mimic conventional dairy products, they have different textural and flavor properties.     

Texture and texture assessment of thickened fluids and texture‐modified food for dysphagia management

Thickened fluids and texture‐modified foods are commonly used in the medical management of individuals who suffer from swallowing difficulty (known as dysphagia). However, how to reliably assess texture properties of such food systems is still a big challenge both to industry and to academic researchers. This article aims to identify key physical parameters that are important for objective assessment of such properties by reviewing the significance of rheological or textural properties of thickened fluids and texture‐modified foods for swallowing. Literature reviews have identified that dominating textural properties in relation to swallowing could be very different for thickened fluids and for texture‐modified foods. Important parameters of thickened fluids are generally related with the flow of the bolus in the pharyngeal stage, while important parameters of texture‐modified foods are generally related with the bolus preparation in the oral stage as well as the bolus flow in the pharyngeal stage. This review helps to identify key textural parameters of thickened fluids and texture‐modified foods in relation to eating and swallowing and to develop objective measuring techniques for quality control of thickened fluids and texture‐modified foods for dysphagia management.     

Texture Modification Technologies and Their Opportunities for the Production of Dysphagia Foods: A Review

Dysphagia or swallowing difficulty is a common morbidity experienced by those who have suffered a stroke or those undergone such treatments as head and neck surgeries. Dysphagic patients require special foods that are easier to swallow. Various technologies, including high‐pressure processing, high‐hydrodynamic pressure processing, pulsed electric field treatment, plasma processing, ultrasound‐assisted processing, and irradiation have been applied to modify food texture to make it more suitable for such patients. This review surveys the applications of these technologies for food texture modification of products made of meat, rice, starch, and carbohydrates, as well as fruits and vegetables. The review also attempts to categorize, via the use of such key characteristics as hardness and viscosity, texture‐modified foods into various dysphagia diet levels. Current and future trends of dysphagia food production, including the use of three‐dimensional food printing to reduce the design and fabrication time, to enhance the sensory characteristics, as well as to create visually attractive foods, are also mentioned.     

Food polysaccharides and roles of rheology and tribology in rational design of thickened liquids for oropharyngeal dysphagia: A review

In today's market environment, an aging society is recognized as one of the megatrends in the world. The demographic change in the world population age structure has driven a huge demand in healthcare products as well as services that include the technological innovation for the health and wellness of the elderly. Dysphagia or swallowing difficulty is a common problem in the elderly as many changes in swallowing function come with aging. The presence of a strong relationship between swallowing ability, nutritional status, and health outcomes in the elderly leads to the importance of dysphagia management in the population group. Modification of solid food and/or liquid is a mainstay of compensatory intervention for dysphagia patients. In this regard, texture-modified foods are generally provided to reduce risks associated with choking, while thickened liquids are recommended for mitigating risks associated with aspiration. In this review, we discuss thickened liquids and other issues including the importance of their rheological and tribological properties for oropharyngeal dysphagia management in the elderly. The review focuses on both commercial thickeners that are either based on modified starch or xanthan gum and other potential polysaccharide alternatives, which have been documented in the literature in order to help researchers develop or improve the characteristic properties of thickened liquids required for safe swallowing. Furthermore, some research gaps and future perspectives, particularly from the nutrition aspect related to the interaction between thickeners and other food ingredients, are suggested as such interaction may considerably control the rate of nutrient absorption and release within our body.     

Next target for food hydrocolloid studies: Texture design of foods using hydrocolloid technology

Texture is important in terms of both food palatability and the safety of eating. Recently, the importance of texture has been emphasized for the development of nursing-care foods, including dysphagia foods, in recent aged society, where the number of patients with mastication and swallowing difficulties is increasing. Texture design of these food products is now one of the most important tasks in the food industry in Japan. Texture of these food products should be optimized by modulating viscoelasticity using hydrocolloids so that they can easily transform to ‘ready-to-swallow’ bolus during oral processing. This article reviews the importance of texture as an essential attribute of foods and also the usefulness of hydrocolloids as an ingredient to modify and control food texture. The article also covers recent trials by the author’s research team on bolus rheology and in vivo acoustic analysis. The trials are to find some objective parameters describing the mastication and swallowing eases as an alternative to conventional bulk rheology and subjective sensory analysis.     

Shaping up: How package shape and consumer body conspire to affect food healthiness evaluation

Integrating research on human body shapes with studies of health cues in food package design, this research explores how food packages resembling humanoid shapes impact consumers’ evaluation of food healthiness. Adopting a self-referencing perspective, two studies show that packages resembling slim humanoid shapes lead to foods being evaluated as healthier, especially with female consumers whose bodily characteristics mark them as being not thin. Study 1 uses packages designed to mimic humanoid body shapes and shows that slimness effects depend on consumer gender and body mass index (BMI): The heuristic that slim packages contain more healthy foods is more pronounced with women and increasing BMI. Study 2 replicates these findings and offers process evidence for self-referencing as a mediator of the package slimness – healthiness evaluation. Together the findings highlight package shape as an important cue to food healthiness evaluation and aid marketers and designers in better matching packages to target audiences and products.     

Cluster classification of dysphagia-oriented products considering flow,thixotropy and oscillatory testing

The present paper proposes an objective classification of commercial thickened food widely used in patients with dysphagia. A total of 34 commercial enteral nutrition products were analyzed (beverages, main courses and desserts) corresponding to 6 different commercial brands. All these products contain different hydrocolloids (i.e., starch, xanthan gum, carrageenans, etc.) as thickeners, in order to get the desired texture.     

Rheological,tribological and sensory attributes of texture-modified foods for dysphagia patients and the elderly: A review

Texture-modified foods (TMFs) and thickened fluids have been used as a therapeutic strategy in the management of food intake in the elderly and people with dysphagia. Despite recent advances in describing rheological features of TMFs for dysphagia management, there is still paucity of research regarding the sensory attributes, therapeutic thickness levels and swallowing safety of these foods. Additionally, the relationship between mechanical and structural properties of TMFs throughout the oral processing is not yet fully understood. The present review discusses several properties of food boluses that are important during oral processing to allow for safe swallowing. Dynamic changes that occur during oral processing of TMFs will be reviewed. The use of hydrocolloids to improve the cohesiveness of TMFs and how this impacts the sensory properties of TMFs will be also discussed. Additionally, this review will suggest potential new research directions to improve textural and sensory properties of TMFs.     

抗性淀粉在老年食品中的应用研究进展

随着人口老龄化的日益加剧，老年人慢性疾病发生率逐渐提高，而这些与日常膳食密切相关。抗性淀粉（resistant starch，RS）是一种新型的膳食纤维，因其独特的物化性质和生理功能，成为近年来食品科学研究的热点。抗性淀粉在人体消化道内不被消化酶水解而到达结肠，具有多种益处，用于功能性产品的开发，与微胶囊等技术结合包埋营养物质，发挥多种生理功能，预防各种疾病的发生。因此，本文主要聚焦于抗性淀粉在老年食品中的应用研究进展进行综述，首先综述了老年食品的特点，围绕老年食品的特点阐述了RS与人体健康的关系，基于RS优点和特性总结RS在老年食品中的应用，如直接作为功能性原料、制作重组米、面制品、乳饮料等，或作为主要原料借助不同手段，包括：微胶囊法、皮克林乳液和纳米颗粒法对 RS进行处理，在老年人体内构建特殊的营养素递送体系，以期为设计开发老年食品提供思路同时为特殊人群提供膳食选择。