木薯全粉对蛋糕品质及其质构特性的影响

以不同比例木薯全粉替代低筋面粉制作蛋糕,研究木薯全粉对蛋糕物理特性、感官品质和质构特性的影响,对其品质和质构指标进行评价。结果表明:随着木薯全粉替代比例的增加,蛋糕回缩率先降后升,感官总分先升后降,烘焙损失率、密度、硬度和咀嚼性不断升高,比容、水分含量、弹性和内聚性不断降低;替代比例为10/90~30/70的蛋糕回缩率、烘焙损失率、密度均比对照低,水分含量比对照高,有利于蛋糕品质的提升;替代比例为30/70的蛋糕比容、感官总分、硬度、咀嚼性和内聚性与对照差异不显著;替代比例超过40/60后,与对照组相比,蛋糕回缩率、烘焙损失率、硬度和咀嚼性显著升高(P0.05),比容、感官总分、水分含量、弹性和内聚性显著降低(P0.05),蛋糕品质下降。     

浓缩乳清蛋白替代全蛋液对海绵蛋糕品质的影响

研究了以浓缩乳清蛋白替代全蛋液对海绵蛋糕品质的影响,分析了不同替代比例下海绵蛋糕的面糊比重、蛋糕比容、蛋糕硬度、弹性和咀嚼性的变化情况,并对蛋糕进行了感官评定。研究表明,在替代比例不超过50%时,得到面糊比重、蛋糕比容、充氮气密封包装保存60d后蛋糕的质构性能均接近采用全蛋液制作的蛋糕,感官评定结果表明,当替代比例为50%时蛋糕的品质最佳。由此可见,浓缩乳清蛋白部分替代全蛋液来制作海绵蛋糕是可行的。     

改性大豆分离蛋白在戚风蛋糕中的应用

以改性大豆分离蛋白和低筋小麦粉为原料,制作富含大豆蛋白的蛋糕.实验采用正交试验确定出改性大豆分离蛋白在戚风蛋糕中的最佳工艺配方.结果表明:改性大豆分离蛋白替代率10％、细砂糖用量120 g、色拉油用量55 ml、塔塔粉用量2.5g、低筋小麦粉100 g、鸡蛋145 g、鲜牛奶40 g、盐0.5g.质构分析结果表明加改性大豆分离蛋白的威风蛋糕其硬度、内聚性和胶性指标降低了,咀嚼度和弹性指标提高了,并且比容也增大了7.8％.     

超微板栗粉对海绵蛋糕品质的影响

目的：开发具有板栗风味和功能特性的海绵蛋糕。方法：探究超微板栗粉质量分数对海绵蛋糕质构、感官、烘焙、老化特性及营养品质的影响。结果：与对照组相比,板栗粉质量分数＜10%时,蛋糕的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性等质构品质和比容无显著性变化;板栗粉的添加会使蛋糕亮度和黄度减小,红度增加,且对蛋糕芯部色泽影响大于外表皮;添加板栗粉有利于降低蛋糕烘焙损失率,减小老化焓值,以及增加其营养品质;板栗粉质量分数为5%时,蛋糕的色泽、形状、滋味、软硬度以及总体喜好程度最佳。结论：超微板栗粉质量分数为5%~10%较为适宜,超微板栗粉的添加赋予了海绵蛋糕更好的品质。     

含Olestra低脂休闲蛋糕体系的流变学、微结构与烘焙特性

以Olestra为脂肪替代物替代休闲蛋糕配方中的部分脂肪(替代率分别为质量分数25%、50%、75%),研究其对面糊的密度、微观结构及流变学特性的影响,并对休闲蛋糕产品的理化参数、质构、感官评定进行研究。结果表明:当脂肪替代率为25%时,休闲蛋糕面糊流变特性和休闲蛋糕品质和对照组差别不大;脂肪替代率为50%时,会显著增大面糊密度,减少面糊中气泡数目,降低休闲蛋糕比容。TPA结果表明添加脂肪替代物会使休闲蛋糕的硬度和咀嚼度显著增加。     

马铃薯泥对戚风蛋糕品质特性的影响

以马铃薯泥替代戚风蛋糕中的部分小麦面粉(替代率为10-60%),研究其对面糊比重、微观结构以及对蛋糕比容、色泽、质构和老化特性的影响。结果表明:随着马铃薯泥从10%增加到60%,面糊的比重和空气泡直径逐渐增大;蛋糕的比容、L*值、a*值、硬度、咀嚼性和胶着性总体呈减小趋势,而b*值、弹性、黏聚性和回复性总体呈增加趋势;用10%以上的马铃薯泥替代小麦面粉制作蛋糕可以促进体系中美拉德反应的发生,从而可以改善蛋糕的色泽;用30%以上的马铃薯泥替代小麦面粉制作蛋糕可以有效延缓蛋糕的老化,从而延长蛋糕的货架期。     

添加谷氨酰胺转氨酶对糙米蛋糕品质的影响

研究在糙米蛋糕的蛋黄糊和蛋清中分别添加不同量的谷氨酰胺转氨酶(transglutaminase,TGase)对蛋糕烘焙品质的影响,并分析比较了TGase添加前后蛋黄糊和蛋清理化特性的变化。结果表明:添加TGase能显著提高糙米蛋糕的比容和弹性,降低其硬度,在蛋黄糊和蛋清中分别添加10和2 U/g TGase时,糙米蛋糕比容达到最大值6.0 mL/g。添加TGase后,蛋黄糊的黏度和乳化稳定性分别提高62.27%和3.86%,蛋清打发后的泡沫稳定性提高8.43%。通过测定发现蛋黄糊中的游离巯基含量明显减少,傅里叶变换红外光谱(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)和体积排阻高效液相色谱(size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography,SE-HPLC)的分析表明,添加了TGase的蛋黄糊中蛋白质β-折叠的比例显著增加,无规卷曲、β-转角的比例下降,并形成了更多大分子质量的蛋白质聚集体。这表明添加TGase促进了蛋黄糊和蛋清中的蛋白形成更多的交联,使蛋白质网络更加紧密,从而改善糙米蛋糕的质构。     

蛋糕预混合粉蛋清粉添加的研究

研究了蛋清粉添加对面粉粉质的影响、蛋清粉蛋白发泡能力的最适pH值.通过对蛋糕感官评定与SMS质构分析,基本确定了蛋糕预混合粉中蛋清粉的添加量为25%,同时利用SPSS软件相关性分析进一步确认了蛋糕品质与质构各参数之间的联系,即硬度值和咀嚼性与蛋糕品质成负相关,弹性、回复性和黏聚性与蛋糕品质成正相关.     

改性大豆分离蛋白对蛋糕品质的影响

文章探讨了大豆分离蛋白的改性对蛋糕品质的影响。利用空白实验作对照,对不同改性大豆分离蛋白替代率的蛋糕进行品质测定。实验结果表明:改性大豆分离蛋白的质量分数为20%、改性大豆分离蛋白替代鸡蛋的最适比例为20%、改性大豆分离蛋白和鸡蛋总量与面粉的比值为3.25时,制作的蛋糕具有较高感官特性。     

大豆分离蛋白海绵蛋糕加工工艺优化及其质构特性评价

用大豆分离蛋白（soy protein isolate,SPI）部分取代鸡蛋的蛋清制作海绵蛋糕,以蛋糕的色泽、外观、口感、组织结构等方面的感官品质评分为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定SPI海绵蛋糕制作的最佳工艺参数。结果表明：最佳工艺参数为SPI取代量25%、白砂糖添加量25%、黄油添加量10.0%、打发时间7.5 min,此时得到的海绵蛋糕色泽金黄、均匀且具有光泽,组织结构丰满,顶部有较大弧度,表面光滑、无焦斑,蛋糕风味浓郁,甜度适宜,口感细密疏松,没有豆腥味,感官评分96分。与传统鸡蛋清海绵蛋糕相比,蛋糕比容和高度差等方面的品质有所改善,但感官方面没有明显区别。质构分析结果表明,SPI的加入会使得海绵蛋糕的硬度和胶黏性显著降低,但是对其弹性和内聚性无明显影响,同时会改善其咀嚼性。     

Use of Yuja (Citrus junos) pectin as a fat replacer in baked foods

Pectin from yuja pomace was incorporated into cake formulations to evaluate the baking performance as a fat replacer. When shortening in cakes was replaced with different levels of pectin gel, cake batter exhibited greater viscosity and less shear-thinning behavior. The viscosities were well characterized using a Power-law model. The specific gravity of cake batter significantly increased with increasing levels of pectin gel (p<0.05) and was highly correlated with the cake volume after baking. Although cakes containing pectin exhibited increased textural hardness, shortening replacement with pectin up to 10% by weight was effective in producing cakes as soft as the control cake without a volume loss. There was an overall tendency that cakes with higher amounts of pectin showed a lighter surface color. Yuja pectin was thus used in cake baking as a fat replacer, producing baked goods with reduced fat and calorie content.     

Using modified soy protein to enhance foaming of egg white protein

BACKGROUND: It is well known that the foaming properties of egg white protein are significantly reduced when a small amount of yolk is mixed in the white. To improve foaming properties of yolk‐contaminated egg white protein, soy protein isolate (SPI) and egg proteins were modified to make basic proteins, and effects of these modified proteins on egg white foaming were evaluated in a model and an angel cake system. RESULTS: SPI and egg yolk proteins were modified to have an isoelectric point of 10, and sonication was used to increase protein dispersibility after the ethyl esterification reaction. However, only the addition of sonicated and modified SPI (SMSPI) showed improvement of foaming in the 5% egg protein model system with 0.4% yolk addition. SMSPI was then used in making angel food cake to examine whether the cake performance reduction due to yolk contamination of the white would be restored by such alkaline protein. Cake performance was improved when cream of tartar was used together with SMSPI. CONCLUSION: Basic soy protein can be made and used to improve egg white foaming properties and cake performance. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

The effect of par‐baking and frozen storage time on the quality of cup cake

The effects of frozen storage and initial baking time of par‐baked cake on baking loss, volume, moisture, colour and textural properties of cake obtained after thawing and rebaking were investigated. Cakes, par‐baked at 175 °C for 15, 20 and 25 min, were stored at ?18 °C for 3, 6 and 9 months. After storage, par‐baked cakes were thawed and rebaked at 175 °C for 10, 15 and 20 min. Baking loss, moisture content, L and +b colour values, firmness, gumminess and chewiness of the resulting full‐baked cakes were significantly affected by both par‐baking and frozen storage time, while specific volume, cohesiveness, springiness and resilience values were significantly affected by frozen storage time. The increase in the time of frozen storage of the par‐baked cake leads to a decrease in the quality of the rebaked cake, namely an increase of baking loss and cake crumb firmness, and a loss in the moisture content and specific volume. Moisture of cake crumb, L and +b colour values, firmness, gumminess and chewiness significantly increased as the par‐baking time increased. However, regarding baking loss, specific volume, moisture content and textural properties, 3‐month intermediate storage at ?18 °C and 20‐min initial baking time gave the best result among the cakes produced by using the two‐step baking procedure.     

羧甲基纤维素改善冷冻蛋糕体系热力学与烘焙特性研究

研究了冻藏条件(冻藏时间和冻融循环次数)和羧甲基纤维素添加量(1%、2%、3%)对天使蛋糕面糊热力学、流变学和烘焙特性的影响。应用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、粘度计、数码显微镜和质构仪等分别测定了羧甲基纤维素面糊冻藏过程中冰晶熔化焓(△Hm)、粘度、比重和气泡分布(尺寸和均匀性),以及蛋糕比容和质构的变化。结果发现冻藏和冻融循环显著增加了面糊△Hm、减小了面糊粘度、增大了面糊比重、增加了面糊气泡分布的不均匀性,最终导致蛋糕比容减小、硬度增大;而羧甲基纤维素作为一种亲水胶体,延缓了面糊△Hm的增加、粘度的减小、比重的增大、气泡分布的不均匀化、蛋糕比容的减小和硬度的增大,且当羧甲基纤维素用量在1%~3%范围内时,添加量越少效果越好,羧甲基纤维素添加量为1%的面糊制作的天使蛋糕比容最大、硬度最小。     

Effects of soy protein isolate and egg white solids on the physicochemical properties of gluten-free bread

Gluten-free formulations are often supplemented with proteins to improve their quality. To determine the effects of alternative proteins on a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-treated gluten-free dough system, soy protein isolate was added at 1%, 2% and 3% while egg white solids were investigated at 5%, 10% and 15%. The formulated doughs were analysed using thermoanalytic and rheological techniques to determine the role of water and subsequent flow behaviour upon hydrocolloid addition. The baked loaves were measured for specific loaf volume and tensile strength to determine bread quality. The addition of soy protein isolate and egg white solids (5% and 10%) reduced dough stability by suppressing HPMC functionality, reducing available water, weakening HPMC interactions with the starch matrix and reducing foam stability. At 15% addition, egg white solids became the primary protein scaffolding in the dough and overcame negative interactions with HPMC, improving the loaf volume. However, this formulation may need further optimisation to meet full consumer acceptability.     

Quality characteristics of angel food cake and muffin using lentil protein as egg/milk replacer

Replacement of animal proteins could be interesting for the food industry because it allows long‐term cost savings, among other reasons. Replacing egg/milk protein (50–100 wt%) by lentil protein (LP) was evaluated on angel cake/muffin quality. The replacement did not significantly affect final product volume, neither the muffins nor the angel food cakes. LP did not affect dough formation and contributed to hold crumb structure building an entangled network in both cake products. In addition, angel cakes and muffins containing LP had significantly lower baking loss than the control. Inferior quality for angel cakes and muffins containing LP was observed regarding hardness and chewiness that increased upon storage, compared to the control. For sensory evaluation in angel cakes, appearance of LP formulations showed lower scores than the control, likely due to the change of crumb colour. Other attributes were not significantly impacted by LP presence. For muffins, M‐100‐LPC formulation showed significant differences with the control for most of the attributes, except appearance and flavour. Indeed, consumers preferred muffins with 100% egg/milk protein replacement, which received higher acceptability scores than control. They also appreciated the ‘nutty’ flavour and moisture of angel cake with 50% egg protein replacement. This research suggests that lentil protein can totally or partially substitute egg/milk protein as foam and emulsion stabiliser in cakes, producing products with satisfactory quality.     

Functional characterization of steam jet‐cooked buckwheat flour as a fat replacer in cake‐baking

BACKGROUND: With rising consumer awareness of obesity, the food industry has a market‐driven impetus to develop low‐fat or fat‐free foods with acceptable taste and texture. Fancy buckwheat flour was thus subjected to steam jet‐cooking and the performance of the resulting product in cake‐baking was evaluated as a fat replacer. RESULTS: Steam jet‐cooking caused structural breakdown and starch gelatinization of buckwheat flour, thus increasing its water hydration properties. In the pasting measurements, steam jet‐cooked buckwheat flour exhibited high initial viscosity, while no peak viscosity was observed. Also, the suspensions of steam jet‐cooked buckwheat flour exhibited shear‐thinning behaviors, which were well characterized by the power law model. When shortening in cakes was replaced with steam jet‐cooked buckwheat gels, the specific gravity of cake batters significantly increased, consequently affecting cake volume after baking. However, shortening replacement with steam jet‐cooked buckwheat up to 20% by weight appeared to be effective in producing cakes as soft as the control without volume loss. CONCLUSION: When buckwheat flour was thermomechanically modified by steam jet‐cooking, it was successfully incorporated into cake formulations for shortening up to 20% by weight, producing low‐fat cakes with comparable volume and textural properties to the control. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

莱鲍迪苷A复配甜味剂在蛋糕中的应用

通过感官评定的方法研究莱鲍迪苷A在蛋糕中替代蔗糖的应用效果。在此基础上研究莱鲍迪苷A复配甜味剂对蛋糕感官品质和质构的影响,确定复配甜味剂的最优配方。结果表明,莱鲍迪苷A在蛋糕中替代蔗糖的最大替代量为30%。莱鲍迪苷A复配甜味剂的加入对蛋糕的内聚性、粘度影响不大,对蛋糕硬度、弹性、胶着性、咀嚼性的影响显著。添加适当比例的复配甜味剂可以使蛋糕的弹性、胶着性有所增加,同时改善了蛋糕的咀嚼性,使蛋糕的口感更加绵软,甜味更加柔和,保湿性也得到明显改善。蛋糕的最优配方为:面粉100g,鸡蛋150g,色拉油20g,泡打粉2g,蔗糖10g,莱鲍迪苷A 0.1g,木糖醇45g,聚葡萄糖30g。     

Instrumental Method for Characterizing Protein Foams

A whipping machine for cream analysis (Cream Tester CTII) was used to foam egg white, milk proteins and soy protein isolate. Foam formation and final rigidity were characterized by the current input to the beating motor. In addition, specific volume, rigidity (compressive strength by Instron) and stability (drainage) of the foams were determined by methods that minimized foam damage during handling. Current input during whipping distinguished fresh vs pasteurized egg white and positively correlated with compressive strength of final egg white foams. Such correlation was not found for milk protein and soy protein isolate foams of lower strength and stability.