以乳清蛋白为基质的脂肪替代品对冰淇淋品质的影响

以乳清蛋白WPC-80为基质制备脂肪替代品,替代中脂冰淇淋中25%的脂肪。随着脂肪替代率的增加,冰淇淋浆料黏度和膨胀率增大,抗融化率和硬度下降,制得的低脂冰淇淋的各项感官指标均与中脂冰淇淋相当。当替代全部脂肪时,所制得的无脂冰淇淋也有较好的感官接受性。     

以果胶为基质的脂肪替代品对冰淇淋品质的影响

以果胶为基质的脂肪替代品替代冰淇淋中的脂肪,随着脂肪替代率的增加,冰淇淋浆料黏度和膨胀率增大,抗融化率下降,硬度增大.不同替代比例制得的低脂冰淇淋的各项感官指标均与中脂冰淇淋无显著差异;当替代全部脂肪时,所制得的无脂冰淇淋也有较好的感官接受性.     

糯米淀粉质低脂冰淇淋的品质研究

实验选取籼糯和粳糯两个品种的糯米淀粉,研究了以糯米淀粉为基质的脂肪替代品对低脂冰淇淋品质的影响。结果表明:糯米淀粉加入低脂冰淇淋提高了浆料黏度,降低了冰淇淋成品的硬度,改善了冰淇淋的抗融化性。用模糊数学的方法评价了低脂冰淇淋的感官指标,发现脂肪替代率为25%的籼糯淀粉低脂冰淇淋的感官指标与中脂冰淇淋最接近。表明低脂冰淇淋中糯米淀粉的最适添加量为25%。     

玉米淀粉基脂肪模拟物在冰淇淋中的应用研究

针对人类长期食用高脂肪类食品而引起的各种疾病的问题,文章结合脂肪模拟物在食品中的应用,提出解决方案。利用加酶挤压的方法制备脂肪模拟物,将玉米淀粉基脂肪模拟物应用到冰淇淋中可知,随着冰淇淋中脂肪替代率的增加,不同冰淇淋样品的硬度、弹性、黏聚性、黏合性、咀嚼性逐渐增加,膨胀率越来越低,冰淇淋的抗融化性逐渐增强,脂肪替代率为0%的全脂冰淇淋的G″(黏性模量)大于G′(弹性模量),脂肪替代率为25%,50%,75%的冰淇淋样品在低频率区域G″大于G′,在高频率区域内G″大于G′,脂肪替代率为100%时在频率变化范围内G′大于G″,当频率增加时冰淇淋的黏性和弹性都增加,并且随着脂肪替代率的增加,冰淇淋的黏性和弹性均有所增加;经过主成分分析得到评价冰淇淋感官指标的主要顺序排序为口融性>滑腻感>脂肪感>奶粉味>黏稠感;应用模糊数学进行感官评价得到5种冰淇淋样品的优劣顺序为M1>M2>M3>M4>M5。     

淀粉为基质的脂肪替代品对无脂冰淇淋特性的影响

研究了淀粉为基质的脂肪替代品对无脂冰淇淋的膨胀率、抗融化能力、硬度、粘弹性和感官指标的影响,结果表明,脂肪替代品能明显增加冰淇淋的膨胀率并改善其抗融化性,当无脂冰淇淋中脂肪替代品的含量达到3%时,其融化率与中脂冰淇淋接近。脂肪替代品还能明显增加无脂冰淇淋的硬度、G'和G"。用模糊数学的方法评价了无脂冰淇淋的感官指标,发现无脂冰淇淋中脂肪替代品的最佳添加量为3%。脂肪替代品能明显改善无脂冰淇淋的感官品质。     

籼米为基质的脂肪替代品对冰淇淋流变学性质的影响

研究了籼米为基质脂肪替代品替代冰淇淋中不同脂肪含量对冰淇淋流变性质的影响。结果表明:随着冰淇淋配方中脂肪替代品含量增加或脂肪含量减少,冰淇淋浆料的黏度逐渐降低、冰淇淋的硬度逐渐降低、冰淇淋的黏性和弹性均逐渐下降。感官评定获得的冰淇淋的质构变化趋势与流变仪测定的冰淇淋黏弹性变化趋势一致,质构仪测定的冰淇淋硬度在8000g时感官评定结果最好。     

以酶法改性乳清蛋白为基质的脂肪替代品在冰淇淋中的应用

以酶法水解的乳清蛋白WPC-80为基质制备脂肪替代品,替代中脂冰淇淋中25%的脂肪。随着乳清蛋白水解度的增加,冰淇淋浆料粘度和膨胀率略有下降,抗融化率提高,制得低脂冰淇淋的各项感官指标均优于对照组。当乳清蛋白的水解度为4%时,制得的脂肪替代品添加到冰淇淋中,各项感官指标最佳。     

麦芽糊精脂肪替代品在冰淇淋中的应用研究

研究以麦芽糊精为基质的脂肪替代品在冰淇淋中的应用。通过单因素和正交实验研究了影响脂肪替代品品质的油水比、麦芽糊精添加量、单甘酯添加量、蔗糖酯添加量最佳比例。结果表明,在油水比为3∶7、麦芽糊精添加量为35%、单甘脂添加量为1.8%、蔗糖酯添加量为0.2%时人造脂肪的黏稠度、乳化稳定性达到最佳。将研制出的脂肪替代用于冰淇淋生产中,通过正交实验研究结果表明,脂肪替代品添加量35%,奶粉添加量25%,单甘酯添加量0.6%时冰淇淋的感官品质达到最佳。     

糯米淀粉为基质的脂肪替代品对冰淇淋流变学性质的影响

实验选取籼糯和粳糯两个品种的糯米淀粉,研究了糯米淀粉为基质的脂肪替代品替代冰淇淋中不同脂肪含量对冰淇淋流变性质的影响。结果表明:随着冰淇淋配方中脂肪替代品含量增加或脂肪含量减少,冰淇淋浆料的黏度逐渐增加、硬度逐渐降低、黏性和弹性均逐渐增加。感官评定表明,加入2%籼糯淀粉的低脂冰淇淋感官指标与中脂冰淇淋最接近。     

辛烯基琥珀酸马铃薯淀粉酯在冰淇淋中的应用研究

将辛烯基琥珀酸马铃薯淀粉酯作为脂肪替代品代替配方中的奶油,进行了冰淇淋的制备试验。结果表明,冰淇淋配方为奶粉14%、白砂糖13%、蛋黄2%和复合稳定剂0.2%时,添加3.0%(w/w)该淀粉酯的无奶油冰淇淋制品其融化率下降、膨胀率提高,口感更加清凉、细滑;其它不同替代程度的低脂冰淇淋制品品质也较优良,整体品质明显优于添加3.0%(w/w)马铃薯原淀粉作为脂肪替代品制得的冰淇淋制品。结论为高黏度辛烯基琥珀酸马铃薯淀粉酯可以作为脂肪替代品部分或全部代替冰淇淋配方中的奶油,但相应冰淇淋的硬度略有增加。     

低脂冰淇淋的性质研究

用籼米为基质的脂肪替代品替代冰淇淋配方中的部分脂肪开发了低脂冰淇淋；研究了低脂冰淇淋的膨胀率、抗融化能力、硬度、贮能模量和感官指标。结果表明：随着冰淇淋配方中脂肪含量减少，冰淇淋的膨胀率逐渐增加，抗融化能力略有下降，脂肪替代品能明显增加低脂冰淇淋的膨胀率并改善其抗融化性。低脂冰淇淋的硬度和G^＋下降。用模糊数学的方法评价了低脂冰淇淋的感官指标，发现低脂冰淇淋中脂肪的最佳含量为4％。脂肪替代品能明显改善低脂冰淇淋的感官品质。脂肪含量为4％的低脂冰淇淋的感官指标与中脂冰淇淋相当。     

小麦麸脂肪替代品对冰淇淋质构的影响

研究了小麦麸脂肪替代品对冰淇淋质构的影响。结果表明,随着脂肪替代度的增加,冰淇淋的硬度、凝聚性降低;粘附性、弹性、胶性增大,但总体上没有对冰淇淋的质构造成太大的不利影响。     

黑甜玉米酸奶冰淇淋的研制

对营养型黑甜玉米酸奶冰淇淋进行了配方设计研究,用黑甜玉米油代替脂肪,用黑甜玉米酸奶强化营养,研制出一种新型保健冰淇淋。并通过一系列正交试验确定冰淇淋复合稳定剂的最佳配比和黑甜玉米酸奶冰淇淋的最佳配方,即瓜胶:耐酸CMC-Na:黄原胶:单甘酯为=2:1:1:2,黑甜玉米发酵乳40%,复合乳化稳定剂0.5%,全脂乳粉为12%,黑甜玉米油2%,白砂糖15%。按此工艺生产的冰淇淋不仅具有紧密的外观,而且具有光滑细腻的组织结构和醇厚持久的风味,同时提高了冰淇淋的营养价值。     

小麦麸脂肪替代品对低脂冰淇淋品质的影响

研究了小麦麸脂肪替代品(WBFS)部分和全部替代冰淇淋中的脂肪对冰淇淋品质的影响。结果表明:WBFS可以提高冰淇淋浆料的黏度,改善冰淇淋的膨胀率;全部脂肪被替代的冰淇淋(FFS)在抗融性、感官评定和质构方面表现出与常规冰淇淋(RF)相似或者略优的品质,而部分脂肪被替代的冰淇淋(MFS)却表现出较差的抗融性和差异明显的感官和质构特性。     

The effect of inulin on the physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of low-fat ice cream

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of replacing the ice cream fat with inulin to produce a low-fat ice cream with prebiotic properties. For this purpose, inulin (2, 3 and 4%, w/w) was added to the low-fat ice cream and the physicochemical and sensory properties of the resultant ice creams were compared with those of control ice cream (containing 10% fat) and the inulin-free low-fat ice cream. The composition, pH and acidity of the ice cream mixes were measured and the melting rate, colour and texture of the frozen ice cream samples were examined. The results indicated that the low-fat ice creams had a significantly lower melting rate in comparison with the control. Inulin addition caused the adhesiveness and hardness of the low-fat ice creams to decrease significantly compared with inulin-free low-fat ice cream.     

Development of Formulations and Processes to Incorporate Wax Oleogels in Ice Cream

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of emulsifiers, waxes, fat concentration, and processing conditions on the application of wax oleogel to replace solid fat content and create optimal fat structure in ice cream. Ice creams with 10% or 15% fat were formulated with rice bran wax (RBW), candelilla wax (CDW), or carnauba wax (CBW) oleogels, containing 10% wax and 90% high‐oleic sunflower oil. The ice creams were produced using batch or continuous freezing processes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cryo‐scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the microstructure of ice cream and the ultrastructure of oleogel droplets in ice cream mixes. Among the wax oleogels, RBW oleogel had the ability to form and sustain structure in 15% fat ice creams when glycerol monooleate (GMO) was used as the emulsifier. TEM images revealed that the high degree of fat structuring observed in GMO samples was associated with the RBW crystal morphology within the fat droplet, which was characterized by the growth of crystals at the outer edge of the droplet. Continuous freezing improved fat structuring compared to batch freezing. RBW oleogels established better structure compared to CDW or CBW oleogels. These results demonstrate that RBW oleogel has the potential to develop fat structure in ice cream in the presence of GMO and sufficiently high concentrations of oleogel.     

Characterisation of ice cream containing flaxseed oil

Five batches of a 12% (w/w) fat ice cream formulation were prepared using different amounts of flaxseed oil (0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% w/w) to replace milkfat. Meltdown rates, texture of ice cream, particle size of fat globules and microstructure of the ice cream were determined. Increasing the proportion of flaxseed oil in ice cream resulted in an increase in the meltdown rate and a decrease in the ice cream hardness. These were attributed to the low melting temperature of flaxseed oil and the varying extent of fat flocculation. In ice cream containing a high proportion of milkfat, the fat globules formed large particles largely due to flocculation rather than partial‐coalescence. The extent of fat flocculation decreased as the proportion of flaxseed oil was increased. Evidence of fat coalescence was observed in ice cream containing 12% flaxseed oil. The fat flocculates stabilised the air cells and strengthened the foam structure of the ice cream.     

Effect of Coconut Cream Addition to Soymilk on the Composition, Texture, and Sensory Properties of Tofu

Coconut cream was added to soymilk at 0, 4.7, 9.0, 16.6, 33.3, and 50% levels prior to coagulation with calcium sulfate. The protein and moisture content of the tofu decreased while fat increased with increasing levels of added coconut cream. The percent yield of tofu did not increase up to 4.7% added coconut cream but increased significantly when 9.0% or more coconut cream was added to soymilk. Hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and gumminess were increased by low levels of added coconut cream and decreased with high levels of coconut cream. This simple technology of coconut cream enrichment increased the caloric density of the tofu without affecting its acceptability.     

The effect of inulin as a fat replacer on the quality of low‐fat ice cream

The influence of different levels of inulin as fat replacer on the quality of ice cream was investigated. Inulin was added at 2, 4 and 6% to replace milk fat and the experimental ice creams were compared to a control with 10% milk fat. The chemical composition, overrun, water activity, viscosity, melting rate, hardness and colour value were determined. Sensory properties of the ice cream samples were evaluated during storage. The overall acceptability of ice creams prepared with 2 and 4% substitution were similar to the control.