肾肉瘤样集合管癌伴肾结石诊治体会（附1例报告）

肾集合管癌（carcinoma of the collecting ducts of bellini,CCDB）是一种少见的肾肿瘤,仅占肾上皮肿瘤的1%,是肾细胞癌中恶性度最高的类型之一,1986年由Fleming等[1]首次描述。肿瘤起源于肾集合管的主细胞,形态多样,伴有显著的肉瘤样分化时又称为肾肉瘤样集合管癌。我院于2010年9月收治1例肾肉瘤样集合管癌伴肾结石患者,结合文献就其临床表现、病理特点及诊断治疗进行分析讨论。     

肾透明细胞癌超声造影模式与其病理分化程度的相关性

目的 探讨肾透明细胞癌的超声造影(CEUS)模式与病理分化程度的相关性.方法 对病理结果为肾透明细胞癌的24例患者的超声造影结果进行回顾性分析,并将其超声造影模式与病理分化程度进行对照研究.结果 肾透明细胞癌超声造影模式分四型:Ⅰ型:快进快出型8例,Ⅱ型:快进慢出型5例,Ⅲ型:同进同出型5例,Ⅳ型:慢进慢出型6例,前3型病理组织表现为分化程度较低,血管成分及血管弹力层纤维丰富,间质成分较少;Ⅳ型病理组织表现为分化程度较高,间质成分较多,血管成分较少.结论 肾透明细胞癌的造影模式与肿瘤病理分化程度密切相关.     

肾肉瘤样癌1例临床分析并文献复习

[目的]探讨肾肉瘤样癌的临床及病理特点,提高对其的诊治水平.[方法]报告1例肾肉瘤样癌患者的临床及病理资料,复习相关文献进行讨论.[结果]患者临床表现有肉眼血尿、消廋、乏力等.术后病理检查见上皮和肉瘤样间质两种恶性成分,免疫组化染色癌组织角蛋白(CK) 阳性,上皮膜抗原(EMA)阳性.患者术后4个月死于远处转移、全身衰...     

颅内肉瘤样癌CT和MRI表现及鉴别诊断

肉瘤样癌(sarcomatoid carcinoma,SC)是一种较少见的癌和肉瘤样形态细胞和(或)表型混合于一个瘤体内的恶性肿瘤[1-2]。本研究结合术中所见及病理诊断分析3例颅内SC。1资料与方法1.1一般资料收集1997年7月—2012年5月3例     

肾透明细胞癌超声造影及声触诊声像图特征的初步研究

目的 分析肾透明细胞癌超声造影及声触诊声像图特征,试图为临床提供更多信息.方法 回顾性分析20例经手术病理证实为肾透明细胞癌常规超声、超声造影及声触诊表现,比较以上3种检查结果并进行统计学分析.结果 超声造影及声触诊组织成像技术清晰显示肿块边界,且肿块大于常规超声检测值.常规超声检查肿瘤血供多不丰富,但超声造影显示多数肿瘤为富血供.肾透明细胞癌超声造影增强方式本组资料规律不十分明显,但坏死区及假包膜显示优于常规超声有显著意义.声触诊组织量化技术显示肿块剪切波速低于周边肾实质有显著意义.结论 声触诊技术有助于发现边界不清肾透明细胞癌,并提供其质地新信息.超声造影有助于肾透明细胞癌早期诊断、乏血供部分及一些重要病理特征显示.     

肾透明细胞癌超声及超声造影表现

目的总结肾透明细胞癌超声及超声造影声像学特征。方法回顾性分析经手术组织病理证实的46例(52个肿瘤)肾透明细胞癌患者超声及超声造影声像资料。结果肾透明细胞癌超声声像表现较复杂,病灶表现为均匀性实性低回声16个,均匀性实性高回声14个,杂乱混合回声11个,单纯囊性4个,多房囊状并分隔厚薄不一7个;依据超声造影表现将病灶分为Ⅰ型32个,Ⅱ型9个,Ⅲ型11个。结论超声造影对诊断肾透明细胞癌有重要价值。     

肾嫌色细胞癌伴多发性血管平滑肌脂肪瘤1例报道

肾嫌色细胞癌是肾细胞癌比较少见的一种类型,约占肾细胞癌的5%~7%[1]。血管平滑肌脂肪瘤是肾脏常见的间叶性肿瘤,两种肿瘤发生在同侧肾脏,可形成复合瘤或碰撞瘤。丁彬等[2]统计了1969—2012年国外报道的58例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤伴恶性肿瘤,其中只有4例伴嫌色细胞癌,1例伴透明细胞癌和嫌色细胞癌,其余最常见的是伴透明细胞癌。     

肾透明细胞癌超声造影模式及定量指标分析

肾透明细胞癌是最常见的.肾实质恶性肿瘤,5年生存率约45%,早期发现、早期治疗是提高生存率的关键.笔者对病理结果为.肾透明细胞癌的24例患者的超声造影结果进行回顾性分析,旨在探讨超声造影灌注模式、时间-强度曲线对.肾透明细胞癌的诊断价值.     

肾细胞癌超声造影与病理对照分析研究

目的：应用新型超声造影剂SonoVue观察肾细胞癌超声造影血流灌注特点,术后分析其病理特点。方法：对42例肾细胞癌患者术前进行超声造影检查,观察造影剂开始显影、达峰及消退的全过程,并用ACQ软件分析时间-强度曲线数值。结果：28个肾透明细胞癌超声造影呈富血供表现,时间－强度曲线分析显示透明细胞癌的ΔAT、ΔTTP低于其他两组,其ΔPI和ΔI60s明显高于其他两组,即“快进慢退高增强”的造影模式。另外3个肾透明细胞癌及所有的嫌色细胞癌和乳头状癌呈乏血供表现,嫌色细胞癌和乳头状癌的AT、TTP慢于周边肾组织,PI和I60低于周边肾组织,呈“慢进低增强”的造影特点。结论：实时超声造影能够提供不同肾细胞癌微血管灌注特征,为肾细胞癌的诊断及鉴别诊断提供了更多的参考依据,有较高的临床应用价值。     

超声造影对肾细胞癌的鉴别诊断价值

目的 应用新型超声造影剂声诺维(SonoVue),观察肾细胞癌超声造影灌注特征,对肾细胞癌进行病理分型.方法 对42例肾细胞癌患者术前进行超声造影检查,观察造影剂开始显影、达峰及消退的全过程,分析时间-强度曲线值.结果 本组肾细胞癌中肾透明细胞癌31例,嫌色细胞癌6例,乳头状癌5例.28例肾透明细胞癌超声造影呈富血供表现,即快进慢退高增强的造影模式.本组嫌色细胞癌和乳头状癌及3例肾透明细胞癌呈乏血供表现.时间-强度曲线显示,肾透明细胞癌的到达时间、达峰时间明显快于肾嫌色细胞癌和乳头状癌,其峰值强度及消退强度也明显高于二者(P＜0.05).将肾细胞癌按其最大直径分为三组:小肿瘤(≤3 cm)、中等肿瘤(3～5 cm)、大肿瘤(≥5 cm).嫌色细胞癌超声造影全部呈均匀增强;乳头状癌小肿瘤组呈均匀增强,中肿瘤组呈不均匀性增强;肾透明细胞癌小肿瘤组以均匀增强为主,大肿瘤组全部为不均匀增强.结论 超声造影能够提供不同肾细胞癌微血管灌注特征,为肾细胞癌的分型、诊断及鉴别诊断提供更多的参考依据,有较高的临床应用价值.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.